Międzyzdroje
| Międzyzdroje (Miedzyzdroje) |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | West Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Kamień Pomorski | ||
| Gmina : | Międzyzdroje | ||
| Area : | 4.51 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 55 ' N , 14 ° 27' E | ||
| Residents : | 5376 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 72-510 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 91 | ||
| License plate : | ZKA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK 3 : Germany / Świnoujście ↔ Jakuszyce / Czech Republic | ||
| Ext. 102 : Międzyzdroje → Trzebiatów - Kołobrzeg | |||
| Rail route : | Szczecin Dąbie – Świnoujście | ||
| Next international airport : | Szczecin-Goleniów | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Gmina structure: | 4 localities | ||
| 3 school offices | |||
| Surface: | 117.17 km² | ||
| Residents: | 6492 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 55 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 3207043 | ||
| Administration (as of 2012) | |||
| Mayor : | Leszek Dorosz | ||
| Address: | ul.Książąt Pomorskich 5 72-500 Międzyzdroje |
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| Website : | www.miedzyzdroje.pl | ||
Międzyzdroje [ mʲɛnʣɨˈzdrɔjɛ ] ( German Misdroy ) is a town with about 5500 inhabitants with the seat of a town and rural municipality on the island of Wolin (German: Wollin ), in the powiat Kamieński ( Cammin district ) of the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship and one of the most famous seaside resorts on the Baltic coast .
Geographical location
Międzyzdroje is located in Western Pomerania , on the north side of the island of Wolin, directly on the Pomeranian Bay belonging to the Baltic Sea . Stettin in the south is about 60 kilometers away, Berlin in the southwest about 230 kilometers by road.
history
From the origins to the 19th century
The history of Międzyzdroje can be traced back to the 13th century. In 1554 Misdroy was mentioned in a document as the property of the German Dompropstei Cammin . Until its ascent to the seaside resort , it was considered a small village that was only inhabited by a few colonists who lived on fishing and poor agriculture.
Miedzyzdroje became a seaside resort between 1830 and 1835. From 1830 on, individual bathers were counted. From 1835 a regular bathing establishment developed. In the same year, the first bathing houses were built, separated for women and men, as was customary in German baths at the time. Wealthy Berliners and Szczecins built villas here . In 1850 Miedzyzdroje already had 317 inhabitants and 500 bathers. The Berlin tour guide Edwin Müller wrote three decades later in his guide to the seaside resorts of the islands of Wollin and Usedom.
“Międzyzdroje is located on the west coast of the island of Wollin, surrounded by the slopes of a forested chain of hills, which begins at the Lebbiner Mountains on the lagoon, and extends beyond Międzyzdroje to the entire northern coastline of the island, hard on the beach. […] There is probably no other German seaside resort that has seen such rapid growth in such a short time. 30 years ago the place was a poor fishing village consisting of a few huts, whose friendly surroundings already attracted a few frugal bathers back then, but which nevertheless retained its simple and poor appearance for years. […] Since that time, Miedzyzdroje, supported by the active participation of the bathing management, has expanded from year to year and has risen to become one of the most important seaside resorts. "
After 1860 the town began to grow rapidly. The establishment of a Protestant church on the Königshöhe in 1862 is evidence of this. In 1862 Josef Seegen from Vienna , a well doctor in Karlsbad , wrote in his handbook of general and special healing springs: “Misdroy is surrounded by beech forests on the northwest coast of the Prussian island of Wollin, 200 steps from the beach. The beach consists of thick fine sand. The wave action is only slightly more significant in westerly winds, which is most common in the autumn months. "
From 1870 the dune area in the west of the village was gradually built on. In 1869, the construction of a landing stage for direct traffic to and from Stettin on the Laatziger Ablage , on the Great Vietziger See , improved the accessibility of the place.
The heir to the throne and later German Emperor Friedrich III. had its merits here. In 1867 he had recovered with his family in Międzyzdroje for a few weeks. Thanks to his advocacy, the aforementioned pier for passenger ships for the direct connection Stettin – Misdroy – Swinoujscie was built two years later on Lake Vietziger. The grateful residents of Międzyzdroje then gave their name to their pier opened in 1885 , the first in the region. The route "Laatziger Ablage" –Misdroy drove carriages and later buses. After the war of 1870/1871, the then Prussian Crown Prince with his court, the Postmaster General Heinrich von Stephan and Professor Rudolf Virchow were prominent guests of the seaside resort. From 1872 Misdroy was one of the leading German seaside resorts. The first pier, which was extended to 360 meters in 1906, was a special attraction. In 1913 a storm surge destroyed it. It was not renewed until 1921.
In the 20th century: the place becomes a seaside resort
After a railway line from Wollin to Miedzyzdroje had been built in 1899, the place became even more attractive. The Berlin – Ducherow – Swinoujscie – Miedzyzdroje railway connection could now be used for guests' arrival and departure. In 1930, 21,115 bathers were counted. The total number of inhabitants in 1939 was 4,145.
A well-known resident of Misdroy was the German writer Magda Trott from 1915 to 1945 , who is only known for her children's books Pucki (Titania Verlag) and Goldköpfchen (Engelbert Verlag) , which are still published.
From 1919 to the end of 1944 there was the Baltic School Misdroy , a private secondary school, which was particularly popular among Baltic Germans . Claus von Amsberg , who later became the husband of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands , attended this school from 1938 to 1942.
South of Miedzyzdroje, in the wooded hills near Zalesie ( Laatzig ) on the Laatziger Ablage on the east bank of the Wicko Małe ( Kleiner Vietziger See ), there was a secret test facility during the Second World War for testing the V3 cannon , which, as a multi-chamber cannon , targets ground targets at a great distance should take fire. Remnants of the complex destroyed between 1945 and 1947 are still visible. A small, privately operated militaria museum has been set up in a preserved bunker of the facility, which provides information on the former V3 facility.
Until 1945 Misdroy belonged to the district of Usedom-Wollin.
After the end of World War II
Since 1945, the registry office I in Berlin has been responsible for those born there before 1945 (e.g. for issuing a birth certificate).
The island of Wollin was occupied by the Red Army towards the end of the Second World War at the beginning of May 1945 and, after the end of the war, including all of Western Pomerania and part of Western Pomerania including Stettin, was placed under Polish administration. Poles were now settled in the village. Unless they had previously fled the fighting, the German population was then expelled . Międzyzdroje now called in the membership of the People's Republic of Poland Międzyzdroje .
The place received city rights in 1947 and was from 1973 to 1984 a district of Świnoujście ( Swinoujscie ). Since then, Międzyzdroje has been an independent municipality again. The inhabitants live mainly from the tourism industry.
Development of the number of guests
- 1846: 382
- 1850: approx. 500
- 1910: approx.17,000
- 1913: approx. 20,000
- 1923: 13,100 (including 820 travelers)
- 2013: 600,000
Attractions
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- Buildings
- Pier on the approximately 2 km long beach promenade: The first wooden pier was built in Miedzyzdroje in 1885; it and its successors, built in 1906 or 1920, have not been preserved. Present: 395 m long and 17.5 m wide reinforced concrete system with entrance structure and mooring options for ships, built in two construction phases with significant participation by the German shipping company " Adler-Schiff ", initially from 1994 to 1996 over a length of 120 meters, in 2004 around 275 Meter extended.
- Roman Catholic parish church of St. Peter the Apostle : neo-Gothic brick building with an octagonal tower, built from 1860 to 1862 based on a design by Friedrich August Stüler .
- Others
- To the east of the city is the Międzyzdroje bison park, a display facility in the forest with bisons , red deer and wild boars . The bison breeding station, which maintains close relationships with the German bison enclosures on the Damerower Werder near Waren (Müritz) and in Prietenow on Usedom, is not open to visitors . This connection is important for the crossing of the stock groups in order to avoid inbreeding in the enclosure groups.
- The Kaffeeberg is a popular lookout point and is located in the east of Międzyzdroje. The entrance to the Kaffeeberg leads through a gate made of logs. From the lookout, stairs on the cliff lead to the beach.
- Culture
Polish film festivals take place regularly in Międzyzdroje . Near the beach promenade is the Polish Walk of Fame , on which Polish actresses and actors have immortalized themselves with a handprint in bronze.
Steep coast to the east
Bison enclosure in the Wollin National Park
Pier in the evening
Stairs from Międzyzdroje beach to the coffee mountain and the national park
Entrance to the Kaffeeberg
Hiking trail to the Kaffeeberg
View from the Kaffeeberg
State of the stairs after a storm in December 2018
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Town twinning
The town of Międzyzdroje is sponsored by the German Baltic Sea resort Timmendorfer Strand and Sellin on Rügen .
Gmina Międzyzdroje
The urban and rural municipality ( gmina miejsko-wiejska ) Międzyzdroje covers an area of 117 km² with 6,500 inhabitants. To the northeast of the city, on the national park coast , are the settlements of Biała Góra ( White Mountain ) and Jaromin (Lake Jordan , renamed Grodno in 2010 ).
In addition to the coastal town of Międzyzdroje and its settlements, Gmina Międzyzdroje includes three other independent localities. At the foot of the Misdroy-Lebbiner terminal moraines and on the banks of the Vietziger Lakes ( Wicko Wielkie and Wicko Małe ) belonging to the Szczecin Lagoon
- Zalesie Wicko with the districts of Zalesie ( Laatzig ) and Wicko ( Vietzig ).
- Lubin ( Lebbin ) in the very south of the Gmina, in the Wollin National Park on a hill of up to 90 meters, one of the most beautiful and best-known hiking destinations with the viewpoint on the Lebbin Mountains.
- The village of Wapnica ( lime kiln ) with a boat mooring and the famous excursion destination Jezioro Turkusowe ( turquoise lake ) and its forest settlements Kępa and Trzciągowo borders directly on Lubin in a swampy valley floor .
economy
The main industry in Międzyzdroje is tourism . The seaside resort is a popular summer destination with its fine sandy beach, lively promenade, varied cliffs and various sights. In 2013, 600,000 overnight stays were counted.
Public facilities
There is a branch of the Szczecin State Archives in Międzyzdroje.
The University of Szczecin has a natural research station in Międzyzdroje.
traffic
The city is connected to the road network via the national road DK 3 , which touches the place in the southwest. The city has a train station on the Szczecin – Świnoujście railway line ( Stettin – Swinoujscie ), which runs parallel to the aforementioned national road. After Usedom in the West a better transport connections is a to be built Swinetunnel planned - so far must the river in Swinoujscie be crossed by ferry.
Cyclists can use the verge on both sides of the state road or take the safe, but largely unpaved and unlit forest path along the coast, for example. B. to get to Świnoujście. This route is part of the international Baltic Sea Cycle Route EV10 .
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Else Preussner (1889–1954), German painter and illustrator
- Carl Köhn (1889–1975), German politician (BHE) and member of the Lower Saxony state parliament
- Albert Sauer (1898–1945), camp commandant of Mauthausen concentration camp
- Werner von Ekesparre (1919–1998), German pediatric surgeon and lecturer
- Hans Heinrich Noebel (1921–2016), German diplomat
- Günter Stahnke (1928–2018), German director
- Dieter Kaufmann (* 1941), German prehistorian, former director of the State Museum for Prehistory in Halle (Saale)
- Lothar Elias Stickelbrucks (* 1943), German cameraman
- Joachim von Harbou (* 1944), German lawyer and former bank director
- Grischa Huber (* 1944), German actress
People who have worked in the city
- Carl Hunnius (1873–1964), theologian, founded and directed the Baltic School in Misdroy
- Magda Trott (1880–1945), German author of children's books (“Pucki”), lived in the house at Neue Lindenstrasse 21
- Britta Wuttke (* 1940), doctor and writer (Homunkulus z Tryptyku); lived in the Concordia house and was made an honorary citizen of the city in 2010
literature
- Erwin Rosenthal : Seebad Misdroy. The development of a seaside resort . Rhinoverlag, Ilmenau 2010, ISBN 978-3-939399-15-5 .
- Kurt Schleifer and Fritz Seefeldt: Chronicle of the seaside resort Misdroy . Eutin 1968.
- August Zöllner: Ostseebad Misdroy through the ages . Gollnow iP 1931.
- Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part II, Volume 1, Anklam 1865, pp. 449-653 ( online ) and pp. 673-674 ( online ).
- Georg Wilhelm von Raumer : The island of Wollin and the seaside resort of Misdroy. Historical sketch . Berlin 1851 ( online ).
Web links
- Official website of Miedzyzdroje (Polish)
- POLANDO.de - seaside resort Miedzyzdroje on the Baltic Sea in Poland Current travel report from Miedzyzdroje
- Międzyzdroje - sights and events
See also
Footnotes
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ Georg Wilhelm von Raumer : The island of Wollin and the seaside resort of Misdroy. Historical sketch . Berlin 1851, pp. 354-367.
- ↑ Raumer (1851): p. 367 ff.
- ↑ Edwin Müller: Swinemünde, Heringsdorf –- Misdroy, guide for bathers and tourists through the main seaside resorts of the islands of Usedom and Wollin . Views, special maps and plans, W. Lobeck, Berlin. 1869.
- ↑ Josef Seegen: Handbook of the general and special Heilquellenlehre, second revised edition . Braumüller, Vienna 1862. - Full text online .
- ^ Gerhard Brugmann: Misdroy, Wyk, Hemmelmark. Three Christian conservative boarding schools . Chronos Verlag, Berlin 2001. ISBN 3-931054-07-1
- ↑ Tourist Map - Wollin Island and Surroundings, Warsaw 2012.
- ↑ a b Raumer (1851), p. 367.
- ^ Meyer's travel books: Baltic resorts and cities on the Baltic coast . Fourth edition, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna 1910, p. 124.
- ^ A b Meyer's travel books: German Baltic Sea coast . Part II: Rügen and the Pomeranian Coast , 2nd edition, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1924, p. 149.
- ↑ a b BalticPortal , tourism figures for the Polish Baltic Sea coast, August 29, 2014
- ↑ https://www.szczecin.ap.gov.pl/pl/Miedzyzdroje
- ↑ http://smus.edu.pl/
- ↑ Baltic Portal : Ten candidates for tunnel-tender , 27 August 2014
- ↑ www.miedzyzdroje.pl .
Towns: Dziwnów (Dievenow Mountain) | Golczewo (Gülzow) | Kamień Pomorski (Cammin) | Międzyzdroje (Miedzyzdroje) | Wolin (Wollin) . Rural parishes : Kamień Pomorski - Gmina (Cammin - Land) | Świerzno (Schwirsen) .