Naval inspection

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Inspections in the German Imperial Navy were military command authorities. Technical inspections were added later, central offices for the manufacture or installation, testing and further development of certain branches of arms and departments.

I. and II. Naval inspection

The naval inspections of the imperial navy were carried out as service supervision leading authorities at naval stations in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea . Subordinate to them were the respective sailor division , the shipyard division , the guard ship and the stoker training ship. Successor organization in the Reich and Kriegsmarine were the 2nd admirals of the Baltic and North Sea stations and the ship master divisions .

Technical inspections

Artillery weapon

The naval artillery inspection was formed with effect from October 1, 1883. She was responsible for the sailor artillery departments, the artillery training ship , the artillery and sea mine depots and the entire fireworks personnel. In October 1904 there was a division into inspection of ship artillery and inspection of coastal artillery and mines . The mine only played a minor role in its military development in the 19th century. It was not until July 1917 that the inspection of mines, blocking and explosives became an independent authority. The inspection of ship artillery was merged again in October 1919 with the inspection of coastal artillery for the inspection of naval artillery. This inspection - with the ship artillery school Kiel - lasted until the end of the war in 1945.

Torpedo weapon

The Torpedo Inspection was formed with effect from April 1, 1886. The first inspector was Kpt.zS Alfred von Tirpitz . The inspection was subject to the torpedo test command, the torpedo test and training ships, the torpedo workshop, the torpedo boats if they were not assigned to squadrons, as well as the two torpedo departments in Kiel and Wilhelmshaven, in which crews for torpedo boats and operators for torpedo weapons on other ships are trained were, and until 1914 also the submarines .

With effect from October 1, 1919, the inspection of the torpedo system was combined with the inspection of the mine, blocking and explosive system to inspect the torpedo and mine system. It was not until October 1, 1936, that this was again divided into the torpedo and the barrage inspection. The torpedo inspection - with torpedo school ( Flensburg - Mürwik ), submarine school (Neustadt i. H.) and torpedo research institute (Eckernförde) - existed until the end of the war in 1945.

Submarine weapon

The submarine inspection was established with effect from March 15, 1915 and was merged with the torpedo and mine inspection on October 1, 1919. This was divided again on October 1, 1936. Until the end of the war in 1945, the armament of the submarines was then subject to torpedo inspection.

Mine, barrage and explosive weapons

The inspection of the mine, blocking and demolition system was created in July 1918 by splitting the inspection of the coastal artillery and the mine system. Until 1945, all sea mines, anti-mine and anti -submarine weapons and devices as well as net and bar locks were summarized under the term locking weapon . The term explosive weapon also includes blocking protection means such. B. Blasting buoys and tearing buoys , which should complicate the mine clearance work of the enemy. As early as October 1, 1919, the inspection of the mine, blocking and explosive systems was reunited with the inspection of the torpedo and submarine system to inspect the torpedo and mine system. This was divided again on October 1, 1936, and all mine, barrage and explosive weapons - including the barrage (weapons) school in Kiel - were subject to the barrage inspection until the end of the war in 1945.

Ship engines

The ship engine inspection was formed on October 1, 1935. It checked the maintenance of the drive units during operation and the corresponding training of the machine personnel, but not shipbuilding and overhaul of the ship's machines in the shipyards. During the Second World War , the name was changed to Inspection of Marine Engineering. She was responsible for the naval training workshops in Kiel and Wilhelmshaven and the naval schools in Kiel and Wesermünde.

Department inspections

Arsenals and depots

The Navy Depot Inspection was established with effect from October 2, 1895. She was responsible for the cleanliness and safety of the equipment and ammunition. With effect from October 1, 1935, it was renamed Inspection of the Navy Weapons Office , from 1936 into Inspection of the Navy Artillery Weapon Office. From 1943 until the end of the war in 1945 it was called the Arsenal Inspection.

Education

The position of inspector of the education system of the navy was awarded by cabinet order of November 26th 1895 to the director of the naval academy and the naval school in Kiel . All other naval schools and training ships were subject to inspection unless they were subject to technical inspections.

Marine infantry

The marine battalions stationed in Germany were subordinated to the inspection of the marine infantry in Kiel by cabinet order of March 12, 1889 . In turn, she was subordinate to the Baltic Sea naval station . During the First World War , the naval battalions were deployed in the Marine Corps Flanders . At the end of the war, the inspection and sea battalions were disbanded. In the Reichswehr none and in the navy for the purposes of coastal protection only from 1944 a marine infantry was set up again. But they were subordinate to the commanding Admiral Deutsche Bucht. There was no longer any inspection of the Marines.

Communications

The naval intelligence inspection emerged from the torpedo inspection on October 1, 1937. You were subordinate to the intelligence test and intelligence test command. On April 29, 1941, the Naval Intelligence inspection was dissolved and into the official group Marine Intelligence Service of the naval staff transferred (2./Skl). The naval intelligence schools in Flensburg and Aurich were now again under the supervision of the educational inspector. On October 15, 1944, a communications inspection was set up to look after and maintain the radio systems on board and on land.

Gas and air protection

The marine gas protection and air protection inspection was only spun off from the torpedo inspection in April 1943, which until then was also subordinate to the marine gas protection school in Kiel. In addition to gas protection and structural air protection in the port area, the surveillance area also included the areas of darkening, camouflage, fog systems, fire protection and false systems.

Marine acceptance inspection

The naval acceptance inspector was created in September 1940. The naval acceptance inspection emerged from it in July 1943. It was a summary of the acceptance organizations for the artillery, torpedo weapons, barrage weapons, nautical , communications and meteorological devices under the command of the acceptance manager. From November 1, 1944, the inspection organization for warship construction was added.

See also

literature

  • 50 years of naval artillery inspection. In: Marine-Rundschau. 38 (1933) H. 10, pp. 433-440.
  • G. Berndt: The ship engine inspection. In: Marine-Rundschau. 40 (1935) H. 12, pp. 548-552.
  • Hans Jürgen Witthöft: Inspections. In: Lexicon on German naval history . Vol. 1. Koehler, Herford 1977, pp. 141-142.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In the Federal Navy , the companies of the troop schools (e.g. naval sergeant school ) are called inspection, but courses such as B. the inspection "survival at sea".
  2. ↑ Georg Wislicenus : Germany's sea power: otherwise and now . Reprint Verlag Leipzig, Holzminden 2007, ISBN 978-3-8262-2313-6 , p. 175–176 ( cover of the first edition on GoogleBooks - first edition: Grunow, Leipzig 1896).