Nature reserve Peenewiesen near Gützkow

53.9192 13.4313Coordinates: 53 ° 55 ′ 9.1 ″ N , 13 ° 25 ′ 52.7 ″ E

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

Wet meadows in the NSG

Nutrient input from neighboring arable land, recognizable by nitrogen indicators (e.g. elderberry , nettle )

The nature reserve Peenewiesen near Gützkow was a 59 hectare nature reserve in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . It was located north of the Peene , three kilometers southeast of the city of Gützkow . It was placed under protection on April 6, 1955, with an extension in 1967. On May 20, 2010, it opened in the larger Peene Valley nature reserve from Jarmen to Anklam .

The state of the area is satisfactory. The still existing system of ditches leads to peat subsidence and drainage of the groundwater towards the Peene. Furthermore, nutrient inputs from neighboring arable land. By mowing every two to three years are wet meadows kept open. Public paths are available along the border of the protected area.

History and water balance

The Peene Valley was formed at the end of the last Ice Age . The undulating ground moraine extends with a height difference of 20 meters to the northern border of the protected area. The adjoining Peene to the south acted as a meltwater runoff for the lagoon reservoir to the east . The rise in sea level in the Baltic Sea caused by the Littorina transgression led to the valley being permanently flooded. After sedimentation of calcareous liver muds , what is now a 5–6 meter thick flow moor grew . It has been used for haymaking and pasture since ancient times. In the Swedish matriculation cards from 1694, the areas are shown free of wood. The ferry dam to the west already existed. 140 years later, the south-eastern part of the Urmes table leaves is overgrown with trees. By 1886, drainage ditches were dug along the ferry dam and peat cuttings were made. The peat was mainly used for heating. Separate peat cuttings were used for the landowners. There the peat was cut up to two meters deep in summer.

With the establishment of an improvement company in 1922, the northern areas were diked and drained with a wind-powered pumping station. Only the north-eastern part, which is heavily influenced by spring water, remained unaffected. In the 1940s the dike broke, which meant that the use of the land was stopped except for hay extraction in the northern part. Flood water from the Peene still extends through the existing system of ditches far into the protected areas, which leads to harmful eutrophication . The area has been part of the major nature conservation project Peenetal-Landschaft since the 1990s .

Flora and fauna

Mown wet meadows dominate the area, of which there are only 600 hectares in the entire state. The wet locations are poor in plant-available phosphorus and potassium. Only nitrogen is in abundance, so that the wet meadow is a shortage location . There are cabbage thistle and pipe grass meadows with globe flowers , Prussian laser herb, caraway silge, common adder tongue and carnation . Flour primrose and bush birch are so-called Ice Age relics. The orchid flora has with broadleaf orchid , orchid and Baltic Fliegenragwurz on rare representative in the northeast German plain. Sedge occurs in the more humid northeastern part. Typical species there are rushes , mud sedge , flea sedge , dioecious sedge , flaky yellow sedge , butterwort and scorpion moss. South of the turbine trench, forest with buckthorn , black alder and downy birch grows . The Peene Valley is known for its endangered butterfly species such as valerian pied butterflies , great hay butterflies , bog fire butterflies , and large fire butterflies , which occur within the protected area. The swallowtail was observed at the edge of the valley . The two very rare spider species Agyneta decora and Pardosa sphagnicola are worth mentioning . Breeding birds in the area are common snipe , bluethroat, and puchy tit .

literature

Nature reserve Peenewiesen near Gützkow 73 . In: Ministry of Environment Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Hrsg.): The nature reserves in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Demmler-Verlag, Schwerin 2003, ISBN 3-910150-52-7 , p. 238 f .

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