Dioecious sedge

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Dioecious sedge
Dioecious sedge (Carex dioica), infructescence

Dioecious sedge ( Carex dioica ),
infructescence

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae)
Genre : Sedges ( Carex )
Type : Dioecious sedge
Scientific name
Carex dioica
L.

The dioecious sedge ( Carex dioica ) is a species of the genus of the sedges ( Carex ) within the family of the sour grass plants (Cyperaceae). It is common in Eurasia .

description

illustration
Dioecious sedge ( Carex dioica ),
male inflorescence

Vegetative characteristics

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Carex dioica is "small" when it grows between 10 and 20 centimeters. It forms runners up to 10 centimeters long , but not clumps . The stems are single and upright.

Generative characteristics

Carex dioica is dioecious ( dioecious ); it trains purely female and purely male specimens. The stems end at the tip in a spiked inflorescence up to about 1.5 centimeters long . The tubes of the female flowers are about 1.5 mm wide and 3.5 mm long, are ellipsoidal-lenticular and tapered on both sides, and rather suddenly narrowed into a short beak. The surrounding husks are hardly shorter than the tubes. When ripe, the fruits stand out horizontally. The female inflorescence is oblong-egg-shaped and recognizable by the red-brown color of the husks. The male ears, on the other hand, are slender cylindrical and have light brown husks.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 52.

ecology

The dioecious sedge is a low rhizome geophyte with a creeping rhizome that can also reproduce vegetatively through runners. The bristle-shaped leaves can be interpreted as an adaptation to drought.

The flowering time is in May and June. The pollination is carried by the wind. The hoses are subject to swimming expansion with a swimming duration of over 15 months; In addition, Velcro spreads and birds spread in water. The floating fruits are mostly spread by birds or the water due to their slight adhesive effect.

Occurrence and endangerment

The dioecious sedge is predominantly a boreal-arctic, circumpolar flora element . It occurs in Eurasia from Portugal in the west to Siberia and the Central Asian mountains. It occurs occasionally as far as West Asia . It is largely absent in northern Europe as far as the North Cape and Iceland, as well as in southern Europe, for example in Italy south of the Alps . In the lowlands of Central Europe, especially west of the Elbe , it is rare; very rare in the low mountain ranges with high rainfall ; in the Bavarian Forest , in the foothills of the Alps and in the lower elevations of the Alps (up to around 1700 meters) it occurs in a scattered manner without creating any conspicuous stands. In the Alps it rises to altitudes of over 2000 meters.

The basenholde dioecious sedge mostly inhabits nutrient-poor bogs (flat and intermediate bogs) and bog forests, but also boggy meadows along bodies of water, sometimes also on boggy littered meadows . In terms of plant sociology, it can be seen as a characteristic of the Campylio-Caricetum dioicae association.

The dioecious sedge grows on muddy-wet, base-rich , often somewhat calcareous and therefore only moderately acidic, peaty soils .

This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

It is on the red list of vascular plants throughout Germany and is classified there as critically endangered. In Germany their stocks are falling sharply. In addition, the individual populations are usually highly fragmented and far apart. Reasons for the increasing disappearance include: a. the drainage and afforestation of bog sites and their removal. The declining maintenance of nutrient-poor wet meadows and extensive grazing of these also contribute to this.

Common names

The common name Ritschgras is also used for the Pinzgau region .

literature

  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 8 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclasses Commelinidae part 2, Arecidae, Liliidae part 2): Juncaceae to Orchidaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3359-8 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Swan flowers to duckweed plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  • E. Foerster: Sedges, rushes, ledges and other mock grasses of grassland - a key to determining in the flowerless state. Manuscript, Kleve-Kellen March 1982.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  169 .
  2. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 81 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Dioecious sedge ( Carex dioica )  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files