Mud sedge
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Mud sedge ( Carex limosa ) |
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The mud sedge ( Carex limosa ) is a species of the genus Seggen ( Carex ) within the sour grass family (Cyperaceae). It is widespread in the northern hemisphere .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The mud sedge is a hibernating green, perennial herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 20 to 50 (15 to 60) centimeters. It forms long, above-ground and underground runners and rhizomes that creep in the mud . The rhizome is round and red to black-brown with yellow, matted roots that form an extensive network.
The sharp triangular, less than 1 millimeter thick, weakly lined stems grow upright and are only leafy at the base. The lowest, triangular leaf sheaths are brown to red-brown and shiny and latticed. The mouth of the vagina is sanded. The anterior vaginal wall is white, very thin-skinned, lobed, disintegrating and very easily torn. The blunt to pointed ligule are about 2 to 4 millimeters long and white. The gray-green to blue-green, very rough at the top and extended in a very long borstlich fused tip leaf blades have a length of about 50 centimeters and a width of 1 to 1.5, sometimes to 3 millimeters, are stiff, channeled folded up, with V-shaped cross-section and often with bristly folded or creased leaf margins.
Generative characteristics
The lowest bract of the inflorescences is subulate to deciduous and shorter than the inflorescence. The inflorescence is between 3 and 6 inches long and contains two to three stalked spikelets . Male and female flowers are in different spikelets. The terminal spikelet is male. Underneath there are one or two distant, long-stalked and overhanging female spikelets. The husks are red to black brown or green. The approximately 4 millimeter long, short-billed fruit sacs are elliptical and lenticularly compressed and indistinctly triangular in cross-section. There are three scars.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 56, 62 or 64.
ecology
The mud sedge is a helomorphic hemicryptophyte . It is a full light plant and does not tolerate shade. About 70 percent of the living plant mass is in the ground . The vegetative reproduction takes place via long runners that creep in the mud .
The flowering period extends from April to June. The mud sedge is fruitful from July to August. The pollination is carried by the wind. The diaspores are spread by wind, water or adherence in the fur of animals but especially in the plumage of birds.
Occurrence
The mud sedge is widespread in the northern hemisphere in almost all of Europe , North Asia and North America . It also occurs on Hispaniola . It grows in the swamp and moorland areas of the boreal eco-zone and in mountainous regions with high rainfall and rain moor growth.
The mud sedge thrives mainly on wet, at times shallowly flooded, lime poor, moderately nutrient-rich and acidic peat mud soils . It marks the place where it grows - the tree and shrub-free, non-drying upland and intermediate moorland gullies as well as swinging lawns and silting areas of nutrient-poor and humic acid -rich ( dystrophic ) waters. It is a characteristic plant species of the wet valleys within the Bult-Schlenken complexes of the rain and intermediate bogs .
The mud sedge is considered an ice age relic and usually grows together with peat moss ( sphagnum ) of the Cuspidatum group. It is an element of small sedge vineyard in Moor Schlenken and Kennart the plants society of the peat moss slurry harrows Ried (Caricetum limosae) within the association of the peat bog-Schlenken (Rhynchosporion). Here it grows together with the white beaked reed ( Rhynchospora alba ), the brown beaked reed ( Rhynchospora fusca ), the bladder rush ( Scheuchzeria palustris ), round-leaved sundew ( Drosera rotundifolia ), middle sundew ( Drosera intermedia ), swamp soft orchis paludosa ( Hammarbya ) Bog moss ( Lycopodiella inundata ), deceptive peat moss ( Sphagnum fallax ), Sphagnum squarrosum and others. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises on the Windeck in Bavaria up to 1750 meters above sea level.
Hazard and protection
The mud sedge is endangered in the entire Central European region and is in decline. In the areas with intact rain bogs, the mud sedge is an integral and non-threatened part of the vegetation . But in the European flat and hill country it is a very strongly declining species, which is not endangered worldwide, but is valuable and worth protecting as a characteristic plant of growing bogs. The sources of danger can be found in the destruction of their habitats , the drainage and afforestation of bog sites, the mining of peat , entering and driving on sensitive biotopes and the cultivation of bogs. In the course of general peatland protection and the regulations in accordance with the FFH guidelines , peatlands are protected habitats. In Germany, the mud sedge is listed in the 1996 Red List of Endangered Plants as critically endangered (Category 2).
Taxonomy
Carex limosa was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné . The specific epithet limosa is derived from the Latin word límosus, -a, -um for swampy and refers to the place of growth.
literature
- U. Graf: Sour grasses. Provisional key for the determination of non-flowering sedges, rushes and other sour grasses in Switzerland (Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Juncaginaceae, Scheuchzeriaceen): Carex limosa . (online) .
- Jürke Grau , Bruno P. Kremer, Bodo M. Möseler, Gerhard Rambold, Dagmar Triebel: Grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes and grass-like families in Europe (= Steinbach's natural guide . Volume 19 ). Mosaik, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-570-03695-2 .
- Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- R. Kiffmann: Sour grasses, rushes and other grassy plants. Self-published, Aranno / Ti (Switzerland) 1991.
- Edward Gage, David J. Cooper: Carex limosa L. (mud sedge): A Technical Conservation Assessment. Prepared for the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project, April 14, 2006, (PDF file; 2.5 MB).
- Peter W. Ball, AA Reznicek: Carex . In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 23: Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part): Cyperaceae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2002, ISBN 0-19-515207-7 , pp. 417 (English, online - with distribution map ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k mud sedge. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 188 .
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Carex limosa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 22, 2016.
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 270.
- ↑ Carl von Linné : Species Plantarum . Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 977, digitized .
Web links
- Mud sedge. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Carex limosa L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran. (swedish).
- Data sheet from Schede di Botanica - Flora Italiana .
