Franzburg

This article describes the city of Franzburg in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. For the former estate in Gehrden, see Rittergut Franzburg .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 54 ° 11 '  N , 12 ° 53'  E
Basic data
State :	Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
County :	Western Pomerania-Ruegen
Office :	Franzburg-Richtenberg
Height :	20 m above sea level NHN
Area :	15.19 km 2
Residents:	1395 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	92 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	18461
Area code :	038322
License plate :	VR, GMN, NVP, RDG, RÜG
Community key :	13 0 73 024
City administration address :	Ernst-Thälmann-Str. 71 18461 Franzburg
Website :	www.amt-franzburg-richtenberg.de
Mayor :	Dieter Holder ( CDU )
Location of the city of Franzburg in the district of Vorpommern-Rügen

Franzburg in the Stralsund illuminated manuscript 1615

Franzburg on the Lubin map from 1618

Franzburg is a country town in the district of Western Pomerania-Rügen in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . It is the administrative seat of the Franzburg-Richtenberg office , which includes eight other communities in addition to the city of Richtenberg . Franzburg and Richtenberg form a basic center for their surroundings .

geography

Franzburg, the second smallest city in terms of population in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, is located roughly in the middle between the cities of Stralsund , Barth and Grimmen on the river Blinde Trebel , which drains to the Baltic Sea via Trebel and Peene . The flat, undulating, wooded area has only a few differences in altitude (up to 38 m above sea level ). The city is about 22 kilometers from Strelasund . The neighboring communities (clockwise) are: City of Richtenberg , Wittenhagen , Gremersdorf-Buchholz and Millienhagen-Oebelitz . Between Franzburg and Richtenberg, the Richtenberger See was created in 2006 through damming .

Franzburg is surrounded by the neighboring communities Richtenberg in the north, Wittenhagen in the east, Gremersdorf-Buchholz in the south and Millienhagen-Oebelitz in the west. In addition, there is an enclave of the Millienhagen-Oebelitz community in the middle of the city of Franzburg .

The districts of Gersdin, Müggenhall and Neubauhof belong to Franzburg.

history

Surname

The Frantz (en) burgh castle was first mentioned in 1587, named after the father-in-law of Duke Bogislaw XIII. of Pomerania, Duke Franz of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . In 1591 it became Franzburg. Previously, the place had the name of the monastery Rosetum sanctae Mariae from 1231 and from 1233 Novum Campum , Low German Nyencampe , after the Lower Rhine town of Kampe near Geldern .

Older story

In 1231, the Rügen prince Wizlaw I allowed the Cistercian monastery of Altenkamp on the Lower Rhine (today the town of Kamp-Lintfort ) to build a daughter monastery, which soon bore the name Neuenkamp . In 1233 the convent moved into the rose garden of St. Mary on the Blinden Trebel . A small settlement slowly developed around it. The monastery acquired extensive property in Pomerania , Rügen and Mecklenburg . The Kampische Hof in Stralsund was a business location of the monastery at that time, and in 1296 a subsidiary monastery was founded on Hiddensee . Around 1300 a monastery church was built, a 25-meter-wide and 90-meter-long Gothic hall church , of which only the southern transverse wing remains as a parish church after being demolished in the 16th century. The abbots of the monastery called Emperor Charles V as the top prelates in Pomerania. The last abbot, Johann Molner , sued the imperial court in Speyer against the abolition of his monastery and died there in exile in 1540.

After the Reformation and the secularization of the monastery in 1535, the Pomeranian dukes - first Duke Bogislaw XIII. - from 1580 a splendid four-wing castle, which he named after his father-in-law Franz von Braunschweig-Lüneburg. The third largest castle in Pomerania after Stettin and Wolgast enclosed an inner courtyard measuring 40 × 50 meters and had 225 beds. In addition, a settlement of craftsmen, especially drapers, was built. In 1587 Franzburg received city ​​rights . The drapery, which was run by Bogislaw XIII. when competition with Stralsund was planned, however, it did not do well. Around 1600, about 600 people lived in Franzburg, settlers from Holland, Central and West Germany. After government business was relocated to Stettin in 1605, Franzburg increasingly lost its importance. The craftsmen and artists, especially the numerous woolen weavers, left the place.

The end of the Pomeranian ducal house is associated with the name Franzburg. During the Thirty Years' War in Franzburg in 1627, Wallenstein's instructions were given to open the area for the invasion of the troops under the command of Arnims . Duke Bogislaw XIV finally signed the Franzburg surrender because he had nothing worth mentioning to oppose the ten Wallenstein regiments. In 1628 Franzburg was plundered and devastated by Wallenstein's troops. The area was recaptured by Gustav Adolf in 1631 - Franzburg remained Swedish for almost 200 years. The destroyed palace was demolished in 1660 on the instructions of Peter Appelmann , the Swedish governor of Queen Christina's table goods , and the stones were used for the construction of the Wrangel Palace in Stralsund . In 1876 the last remains of the castle were removed. The city fell apart and in 1670 only 70 people lived here. The town plan with its peculiar, triangular small squares and the striking church with buttresses are visible witnesses of a larger past.

Recent history

City plan of Franzburg from 1761

In 1721 Franzburg became the seat of the district administration for the area between Barth , Tribsees and Grimmen in Swedish Pomerania . There was then a repopulation and economic recovery. The city fires of 1736 and 1758 delayed the construction. In the 18th century, the royal Swedish official building (today: town hall and office) was built for the governor.

After New Western Pomerania and Rügen passed to Prussia (1815), Franzburg became the seat of the district administrator and the district court for the Franzburg district formed in 1818 . An upswing began. In 1839 the construction of the Schlossberg and Schlossstrasse began. In 1853 the teachers' college was relocated from Greifswald to Franzburg and remained here until 1926, supplemented by the preparatory institute (1907). In 1900 the place received a small railway connection, which was extended to Tribsees in 1901. During the founding period , brickworks, food factories, a dairy and a furniture factory were built. In 1925 the district administration was relocated to Barth.

The city was then until 1952 part of the county Franzburg-Barth (from 1945: County Stralsund) and was then from 1952 to 1994 of three cities in the county Stralsund country (until 1990 in the GDR - district Rostock , then in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ). From 1994 until the district reform in 2011 , Franzburg was in the district of North Western Pomerania , and since then in the district of Western Pomerania-Rügen .

On July 1, 1950, the previously independent community of Neubauhof was incorporated.

The city center and town hall have been fundamentally renovated since 1991 as part of urban development funding.

As a compensatory measure for the construction of the A 20 motorway, the lake, which had slowly silted up since 1920 and was drained by the Reich Labor Service around 1940, was restored. The Richtenberger See, which has fallen dry since 1970, was renatured from 2004 to 2007. The area had been designated as a bird sanctuary since 1920 according to the measurement table and has been performing this function again since the renaturation and flooding. The lake between Franzburg and Richtenberg could be used again for local recreation.

History of the districts

Müggenhall : In 1242 the Neuenkamp monastery acquired the village of Müggenhall from the knight Iwan. It stayed here until secularization . The Müggenhall domain existed until 1945. At the outflow of the Richtenberger See, there was a watermill in Müggenhall. When the lake slowly silted up, the mill had to be abandoned and was then converted into a restaurant and rest area. In the end it was a gas station. It burned down completely around 1990 and is currently in ruins.

Population development

year Residents 1600 0600 1670 0070 1780 0310 1800 0500 1850 1,400 1990 2,294 1995 2,088 2000 1,903

year Residents 2005 1,729 2010 1,446 2015 1,462 2016 1,394 2017 1,394 2018 1,344 2019 1,395

from 1990: as of December 31 of the respective year

politics

City council

The city council of Franzburg consists of 10 members and the mayor. Since the election on May 26, 2019 , it has been composed as follows:

Political party	Seats
CDU	9
SPD	1

mayor

• 1994–2009: Johannes Rudolph (CDU)
• 2009–2014: Mathias Blümel (SPD)
• since 2014: Dieter Holder (CDU)

Holder was confirmed in office in the mayoral election on May 26, 2019 with 92 percent of the valid votes.

coat of arms

The coat of arms was registered under number 45 of the coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Blazon : "In blue a silver castle with a tinned dome-roofed gate, on the red dome roof a low tower with three black windows, a crenellated wreath and a red dome roof, on both sides of the gate building on the wall a tower with two black windows, a pewter wreath, all towers decorated with a golden ball-bar cross, above the right tower a floating golden letter F, above the left tower a floating golden B; Both letters are elevated by a golden crown of princes, in the open gate an upright, gold-reinforced red griffin with a folded tail. "

Attractions

See also : List of architectural monuments in Franzburg

• City hall as a four-wing complex with a mansard roof and rectangular inner courtyard from the second half of the 18th century, originally a royal office
• Church , former Cistercian monastery church of the monastery founded in 1231 and secularized in 1535 , converted into a castle church in 1580 ( Neuenkamp monastery )
• Commercial wing of the former castle from the 16th / 17th centuries Century at Peterstrasse 1/2
• Educational seminar with a memorial
• Residential houses as mostly single-storey half-timbered eaves houses (after 1728)
• Former post mill in the street Zu den Hellbergen, here a very rare type of mill
• Memorial plaque for the Communist Karl Julius and two name unknown concentration camp prisoners , which in April 1945 during a death march from the central warehouse Pölitz the Stutthof concentration camp of SS men were shot at a house gable in the district Müggenhall (1967). There has also been a memorial stone there since 1970.
• Müggenhall Manor, two-storey, rebuilt around 1920
• Hellberge landscape protection area

• 

  town hall

• 

  church

• 

  Church (west gable)

• 

  market

• 

  Former teacher training college

traffic

Franzburg is located on the state roads L 22 to Ribnitz-Damgarten and L 192 between Tribsees and Steinhagen . The closest motorway junction is Tribsees (distance 20 km) on the Baltic Sea motorway A 20 ( Rostock - Neubrandenburg ).

Franzburg has no rail connection. Franzburg station was on the Velgast – Tribsees / Franzburg railway line , which was closed after 1990. The nearest train stations are Wittenhagen on the Stralsund - Berlin route with the RE 5 regional express line ( Stralsund –Berlin– Wünsdorf -Waldstadt) and Velgast on the Rostock –Stralsund route with the RE 9 regional express line ( Rostock –Stralsund ) and the regional train line RB 25 (to Barth ).

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

• Karl von Normann (1827–1888), Prussian officer, court official and diplomat
• Gustav Kielblock (1843–1917), local politician in Berlin-Lichtenberg
• Erik von Schmiterlöw (1882–1964), local history researcher and collector
• Karl Hans Kickhöffel (1889–1947), politician ( DNVP )
• Eginhard Peters (1932–2014), meteorologist

Personalities associated with Franzburg

• August Rübesamen (1823-1893), Superintendent in Franzburg
• Ferdinand Bünger (1838–1924), educator, seminar director in Franzburg
• Max Wagenknecht (1857–1922), composer, lived in Franzburg
• Martha Müller-Grählert (1876–1939), local poet, lived in Franzburg
• Otto Dibbelt (1881–1956), educator and museum founder in Stralsund, lived in Franzburg
• Otto Waterstradt (1888–1972), Mayor of Franzburg
• Kurt Guter (1921–2001), politician (SED), mayor of Franzburg
• Kerstin Kaiser (* 1960), politician (Die Linke), grew up in Franzburg

literature

• Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania. Outline of their history, mostly based on documents. Berlin 1865, pp. 137-140. (Full text)
• Norbert Buske: Orientation data on church history Neuenkamp / Franzburg. In: Baltic Studies. New episode, Volume 71, 1985, p. 132 ff. (Online at: uni-egoswald.de )
• BIG-Städtebau (Ed.): Franzburg - 10 years of urban development funding. Stralsund 2001, DNB 965577449 .

Web links

Commons : Franzburg  - Collection of images

Wikisource: Frantzburg in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Statistisches Amt MV - population status of the districts, offices and municipalities 2019 (XLS file) (official population figures in the update of the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ↑ Regional Spatial Development Program Vorpommern (RREP) 2010 ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Central local structure with regional, medium and basic centers, accessed on July 12, 2015 
3. ^ Main statute of the city of Franzburg, § 1
4. ↑ Ernst Eichler and Werner Mühlmer: The names of cities in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Ingo Koch Verlag, Rostock 2002, ISBN 3-935319-23-1 .
5. ↑ Hans Branig : History of Pomerania. Part I: From the emergence of the modern state to the loss of state independence 1300–1648 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne Weimar Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-412-07189-7 , p. 153.
6. ↑ Population development of the districts and municipalities in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Statistical Report AI of the Statistical Office Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
7. ↑ ^{a b} Mayors in Franzburg-Richtenberg are firmly in the saddle. In: Ostsee-Zeitung , May 29, 2019.
8. ↑ CDU wants to regain power. In: Ostsee-Zeitung , February 4, 2014.
9. ^ Franzburger Bockmühle on Amt Franzburg ( Memento from January 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive )