Neuenkamp Monastery

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Neuenkamp Monastery
Parish church in Franzburg, transverse wing of the former monastery church
Parish church in Franzburg, transverse wing of the former monastery church
location Germany
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Coordinates: 54 ° 11 '10 "  N , 12 ° 52' 32"  E Coordinates: 54 ° 11 '10 "  N , 12 ° 52' 32"  E
Serial number
according to Janauschek 		614
founding year 1231
Year of dissolution /
annulment 		1535
Mother monastery Kamp Monastery
Primary Abbey Morimond Monastery

Daughter monasteries

Hiddensee Monastery

Franzburg around 1618 with the monastery complex, which has been converted into a ducal palace since 1578, on the Lubin map

The Neuenkamp monastery is a former Cistercian monastery in the urban area of ​​today's city of Franzburg in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . From the monastery only part of the former monastery church has been preserved, which was converted into a castle church in 1580.

history

In 1231, the Rügen prince Wizlaw I allowed Abbot Arnold von Camp from the Cistercian monastery of Altenkamp on the Lower Rhine (today the town of Kamp-Lintfort ) to build a daughter monastery, which soon bore the name Neuenkamp . In addition to the goods for building a monastery, he expressly granted the monastery the right to settle people of any nationality and professional qualification. In the years 1233/34 the convent moved into the Rosetum sanctae Mariae ( Rose Garden of Saint Mary ) on the Blinden Trebel . The village of Richtenberg with a salt spring and three other villages that had been created by German locators were also part of the foundation . In addition, the monastery got 300 Hufen to be cleared forest, in which 20 settlements with German names were created over the next few decades. The monastery acquired further extensive property in Pomerania , Rügen and also in the distant Mecklenburg . The convention there was primarily interested in mills and fishing justice.

Very early, as early as 1257, the Zisterze in Stralsund acquired the Kampischer Hof . At that time it served the monastery as a trading yard, where agricultural products such as grain and wool were sold and required goods were bought. In addition, Richtenberg became a local market in the monastery area. Around 1280 there were more than 60 monks and 50 converses in the monastery . The economic development of the Zisterze was so successful that the subsidiary St. Nikolaus monastery was founded on Hiddensee in 1296 .

The monastery church Neuenkamp was built according to a uniform planning between 1280 and 1300 from bricks as a large Gothic hall church 25 meters wide and 90 meters long with transverse arms and three-bay choir. Unfortunately, after the secularization of the monastery church in 1535, after it was demolished and converted into a castle church in 1580, only the southern transverse wing, about one sixth of the original church, has been preserved as a parish church. The abbots of the monastery called Emperor Charles V as the top prelates in Pomerania.

By the end of the 13th century, the monastery was able to acquire extensive ownership shares in numerous villages in Mecklenburg around Goldberg in Augzin, Below , Zidderich, Diestelow , Medow, Wendisch Waren, Woosten and Poserin and in the town of Goldberg. As early as 1295, Prince Nikolaus von Werle gave the monastery a mill in Goldberg and included general fishing and eel fishing in the Mühelen waters in his donation. In 1328 Neuenkamp bought a grain lease of 23 bushels from the Goldberg mill from the Dobbertin monastery . In 1295 the monastery also acquired a mill in Plau for 450 marks and in 1328 the convent had the sole milling monopoly on the town of Plau. In 1437 the monastery sold the mills with the farm in Plau to the dukes of Mecklenburg for 1,600 Sundian marks. In the 15th century the monastery had to go into debt after feuds broke out in the monastery area . In 1455 most of the Mecklenburg goods around Goldberg were sold to Duke Heinrich von Mecklenburg for 1,300 Rhenish guilders, for which the convent received the approval of the General Chapter as early as 1448. During his 23-year term in office, the abbot Johann Sasse succeeded in restoring the monastery economically. In 1456 he also participated in the founding of the University of Greifswald , which held the church patronage over the Tribseeser and the Tribohmer Church . At the time of its greatest expansion, the monastery held land holdings or privileges in almost 90 villages.

Former monastery garden

In 1525, after the church in Stralsund fell, Duke Georg I had the monastery jewels brought to Wolgast Castle . In 1535 Johannes Bugenhagen visited the Neuenkamp monastery to enforce the new church order. In the same year the monastery was secularized , which was converted into a ducal office. The last head of the monastery, Abbot Johann Molner , who had initially moved into the Kampischer Hof , brought an action against it at the Imperial Court of Justice. The lengthy process did not lead to any result and the abbot died about it in 1540, in exile in Speyer . In order to protect itself against the threat of imperial intervention, Pomerania joined the Schmalkaldic League .

After the Reformation, the monastery buildings were also temporarily used by the ducal family and the court. After the Wolgast castle fire in 1557, Duke Philip I resided in Neuenkamp for a few months. Nevertheless, the buildings fell into disrepair. The church was "more than half broken down" in 1561. From 1578, Duke Bogislaw XIII. , to which the offices of Barth and Neuenkamp had been assigned as apanage in the division of the country in 1569, the monastery complex was converted by Christoph Haubitz into a splendid four-winged castle (see picture on the Lubin map). He also initiated the construction of a manufacturing settlement, which he named Franzburg in honor of his father-in-law, Duke Franz von Braunschweig-Lüneburg . When he returned the offices of Franzburg and Barth to the ruling Duke of Pommern-Wolgast, his nephew Philipp Julius , in 1605 , he complained about the already advanced deterioration of the castle complex in Franzburg.

Abbots of the monastery

Names and dates indicate the documented mention as abbot.

  • 1242-1253 Alexander
  • 1258-1278 Alexander
  • 1282-1309 Arnoldus
  • 1309-1316 Dietrich
  • 1319 0000Heinrich
  • 1326-1327 Dietrich
  • 1332 0000John
  • Constantine 1333-1340
  • 1344–1349 Heinrich
  • 1349 0000Johann
  • 1351–1388 Heinrich (von Wildeshausen)
  • 1399-1414 Johannes Witte
  • 1415-1425 Dietrich
  • 1427–1443 John
  • 1443–1465 Matthias Range
  • 1468 0000Nicholas
  • 1469 0000Michael
  • 1472–1495 Johannes (Sasse)
  • 1497–1499 Heinrich Swinemann
  • 1500–1518 Heinrich Witte
  • 1519-1520 Vicko
  • 1520-1529 Valentin
  • 1533–1535 Johann Molner
  • 1549 0000Peter von Erkelenz

Monastery church

→ Main article: Franzburg Church

The monastery church was built between 1280 and 1330. The hall had the layout of a Latin cross and was built of brick on a granite base. The church was around 90 meters long. The seven-bay nave was around 25 meters wide, as was the transept and the three-bay choir east of the crossing . In a report in 1558, the Pomeranian castle captain Joachim von Plathen was impressed by the size and height of the church as well as the many windows.

After the decay and demolition of most of the complex, the stones were used in the construction of the ducal palace in the 1580s. In the four-wing palace complex, the southern part of the transept was incorporated as the eastern part of the south wing. The buttresses of the enclosing walls on the north, south and west sides were preserved, the gable roof had been turned in an east-west direction and the central north side closed in Renaissance forms. This is how today's rectangular brick building of the Franzburg Church was created with a two-story eastern sacristy and a semicircular stepping tower on the western side. Based on the model of the Szczecin Castle Church , massive two-storey galleries were installed on the inner north and south sides via segmental arches and barrel vaults with stitch caps.

The complex was destroyed during the Thirty Years War and finally demolished in 1660. Only the castle church remained.

During the neo-Gothic restoration under Michael Lübke in 1876/77, in addition to changes to the windows and the sacristy annex, the east and west gables were provided with staggered two-part pointed arches and pinnacles over tracery friezes.

The grave slabs of the abbots Heinrich Witte († 1518) and Valentin († 1529), probably attached to the outer north side in the 19th century , with depictions of the deceased with incised interior drawings, have been inside the church since their restoration in 2009.

literature

  • Ferdinand Fabricius: Documents and copies of the Neuenkamp monastery in the Royal State Archives in Wetzlar . Saunier, Stettin 1891, ( sources on Pomeranian history 2), ( digitized version )
  • Andreas Niemeck: The Cistercian monasteries Neuenkamp and Hiddensee in the Middle Ages. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne et al. 2002, ISBN 3-412-14701-X , ( publications of the historical commission for Pomerania series V, 37), (also: Greifswald, Univ., Diss., 2000/2001).
  • Joachim Wächter : Development of the German settlement and the Christianization of the Western Pomerania area up to the beginning of the 14th century . In: Haik Thomas Porada (ed.): Contributions to the history of Western Pomerania. The Demminer Kolloquien 1985-1994. Thomas Helms Verlag, Schwerin 1997, ISBN 3-931185-11-7 , pp. 115-124.

Web links

Commons : Kloster Neuenkamp  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pomeranian Document Book PUB I. No. 277.
  2. ↑ PUB II. No. 635.
  3. ^ A b c Joachim Wächter: Cistercian monasteries in the border area of ​​Pomerania-Mecklenburg . In: Hans-Joachim von Oertzen (Hrsg.): Border region between Pomerania and Mecklenburg. Lectures 2002. Thomas Helms, Schwerin 2004, ISBN 3-935749-29-5 , pp. 33–34
  4. ↑ a b c d Johannes Hinz: Pomeranian guide through an unforgettable country. Pp. 241-242. Adam Kraft Verlag, Würzburg 1991, ISBN 3-8083-1195-9
  5. ^ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch MUB Volume X, No. 6830.
  6. ↑ MUB III. No. 2336, PUB III. No. 1723.
  7. ↑ MUB VII. No. 4974.
  8. ↑ MUB III. No. 2335.
  9. ↑ Joachim Wächter: The Reformation in Pomerania . In: Contributions to the history of Western Pomerania; The Demminer Kolloquien 1985-1994 , p. 184, Thomas Helms Verlag, Schwerin 1997, ISBN 3-931185-11-7
  10. ^ Hans Branig: History of Pomerania Part I; From the emergence of the modern state to the loss of state independence 1300-1648 . Pp. 105/106. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne Weimar Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-412-07189-7
  11. ^ Andreas Niemeck: The Cistercian monasteries Neuenkamp and Hiddensee in the Middle Ages , Cologne 2002, pp. 361–363. ISBN 3-412-14701-X
  12. ^ Andreas Niemeck: The Cistercian monasteries Neuenkamp and Hiddensee in the Middle Ages. (= Publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Vol. 37, Series 5: Research on Pomeranian History. ISSN  0440-9582 ), Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar 2002, ISBN 978-3412147013 , p. 272.
  13. ^ Andreas Niemeck: The Cistercian monasteries Neuenkamp and Hiddensee in the Middle Ages. (= Publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Vol. 37, Series 5: Research on Pomeranian History. ISSN  0440-9582 ), Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar 2002, ISBN 978-3412147013 , p. 295.
  14. ↑ Jana Olschewski: From the Recknitz to the Strelasund , Schwerin 2006, ISBN 3-935749-66-X , p. 18.
  15. ^ Grave slabs, Franzburg Castle Church. Thomas Schubert, accessed June 14, 2013 .