Hiddensee Monastery
| Hiddensee Cistercian Abbey | |
|---|---|
| location | Germany Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania |
| Coordinates: | 54 ° 35 '9 " N , 13 ° 6' 35" E |
| Serial number according to Janauschek |
692 |
| Patronage | St. Nicholas |
| founding year | 1296 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1536 |
| Mother monastery | Neuenkamp Monastery |
| Primary Abbey | Morimond Monastery |
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Daughter monasteries |
no |
The Hiddensee Monastery (Latin: Abbatia S. Nicolaus in Hiddense ), actually St. Nikolaus Monastery , existed from the 13th to the 16th century as a Cistercian abbey on the island of Hiddensee . After the monastery which later generated in this place Allotment received monastery its name.
history
On April 13, 1296, Prince Wizlaw II of Rügen together with his sons Wizlaw III. and Sambor the Neuenkamp Monastery from the affiliation of the Morimond Primary Abbey the island of Hiddensee. The foundation of a daughter monastery in honor of St. Nicholas was mentioned as a purpose in the deed of donation . Furthermore, the fishing in the waters between Hiddensee and Rügen and the village of Zarrenzin on the mainland were transferred. The island of Zingst was sold to the Neuenkamp Monastery for 2,000 Marksundian pfennigs in favor of the re-establishment, with the exception of a meadow that belonged to the city of Barth . In order to secure its existence, the mother monastery transferred three salt pans of the Lüneburg salt works to the daughter monastery in 1298 with the entry of the convent and the mention of Abbot Heinrich von Hiddensee .
Although Wizlaw II had donated the entire island to the monastery, there were still other legal claims to Hiddensee. In the following time Nikolauskamp, as the monastery was called based on Kamp at the beginning, was fully occupied with redeeming the remaining rights of third parties. Also on the Zingst, third parties had to be paid for various properties. The Sundische Wiese had to be returned to the city of Stralsund in 1306 .
In 1299, the pastor of Schaprode on Rügen left the pastoral care on the island to the Hiddensee Monastery, which had previously been part of its official area. He received an annual pension for this and saved himself the difficult crossing in bad weather. The comparison was confirmed by Pope Clement V in 1310 , although Cistercians usually did not perform parish services.
The monastery settled in the north of the island. It was located near the port of today's Kloster . An average of 12 monks and other lay people lived in the monastery. In 1302 a chapel was consecrated on the southern Gellen peninsula . The bishop of Roskilde , whose bishopric was subordinate to the island of Hiddensee, allowed a baptismal font to be erected there in 1306 . In the same year, the Hiddensee monastery signed a contract with Stralsund to build a lighthouse ("Luchte") on the Gellen. The city provided the building, the monastery the occupation and maintenance of the fire. In 1332 the baptismal font was relocated to a newly built chapel in the north of the island, which thus became the parish church and is now the last remaining part of the monastery as the island church of Hiddensee . The Gellenkirche was responsible for the boatmen and sea travelers.
Little is known about the settlement of German immigrants. The village of Plogshagen was founded in the early years of the monastery and is now part of Neuendorf . The Cistercians created two grangia : a farm in the north near the monastery and a cattle yard to the south of it. Because of the Vitte , the landing place for herring fishing , today a place on Hiddensee, there was a dispute with Stralsund in 1426.
Since 1300, the Hiddensee Abbey has also tried to acquire properties on Rügen. This was particularly successful in the area of Schaprode and Trent , as well as on the Wittow and Jasmund peninsulas . However, no major cohesive property came about. Therefore, the yield from the Lüneburg salt pans remained of great importance for the monastery until the end. In 1373 the monastery was ravaged by a conflagration and in 1389 almost destroyed by a second fire. The new consecration of the monastery church within the monastery walls took place in 1410. The increasing number of loans between 1475 and 1495 testify to the economic decline of the monastery. After the introduction of the Reformation in Pomerania in 1534, the income from the salt slightly exceeded the income from the lands.
On the orders of the Pomeranian Duke, a list of the jewels and silk robes of the monastery was made as early as 1525 and the majority of these valuables were brought to Wolgast. With the secularization in 1536 the Cistercian monastery was abolished and the monastery courtyard was converted into a chamber property with a ducal office. And after the secularization of the Diocese of Roskilde, the abbot and the monastic convent of Hiddensee ceded the monastery to the Pomeranian dukes in 1538. The ducal rent master moved into the abandoned monastery building. When the Rentamt Hiddensee was merged with Bergen in 1570, the monastery buildings began to deteriorate.
In the Thirty Years' War the already dilapidated buildings were further destroyed and their stones were used to build an estate in Kloster (Hof Kloster). Today only the old entrance gate and the remains of the wall remain of the monastery.
During construction work in 1954/1955, the Berlin Institute for Monument Preservation uncovered the south wing of the enclosure . Between 1959 and 1961, the Art History Institute of the Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald carried out archaeological excavations . It was found that the monastery church was a three-nave , nine-bay building with a transept . The basic layout of the space in the rectangular enclosure was recorded.
Abbots of the monastery
Names and dates indicate the documented mention of the abbot of the Hiddensee monastery. The abbots carried the crook .
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literature
- Joachim Wächter : Cistercian monasteries in the border area of Pomerania-Mecklenburg. In: Hans-Joachim von Oertzen (Hrsg.): Border region between Pomerania and Mecklenburg (= lectures 2002 = writings of the support association Kreisheimatmuseum Demmin. Vol. 4). Thomas Helms, Schwerin 2004, ISBN 3-935749-29-5 , pp. 34-36.
Web links
- Literature about Hiddensee Monastery in the state bibliography MV
- The Hiddensee Monastery : Website of the Hiddensee Evangelical Church Community
- Excavations at the Hiddensee monastery
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pomeranian Document Book, Volume III, No. 1764, 1770.
- ^ Rodgero Prümers: Pommersches Urkundenbuch . 3rd volume, 2nd division 1296-1300, Stettin 1891, pp. 270-272
- ↑ PUB III. No. 1774.
- ↑ PUB III. No. 1809.
- ↑ PUB III. No. 1886.
- ↑ a b Meike Bald: Hiddensee at the Baltic Sea Coastal Atlas
- ↑ Helge bei der Wieden , Roderich Schmidt (Ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 12: Mecklenburg / Pomerania (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 315). Kröner, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-520-31501-7 , pp. 206-207.
- ^ Matthias Untermann : Excavations and building investigations in monasteries, grangia and town yards. Research report and annotated bibliography (= studies on the history, art and culture of the Cistercians. Vol. 17). Lukas, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-931836-95-9 , pp. 176-177 ( Google Books ).
- ^ Andreas Niemeck: The Cistercian monasteries Neuenkamp and Hiddensee in the Middle Ages (= publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Series 5: Research on Pomeranian history. Vol. 37). Böhlau, Cologne et al. 2002, ISBN 3-412-14701-X , pp. 364-366 (also: Greifswald, University, dissertation, 2000/2001).
- ↑ Entry in the Rostock matriculation portal
- ^ Matriculation Rostock Entry in Rostock matriculation portal