Jasmund
Jasmund is a peninsula in the northeast of the island of Rügen . In the eastern part of the peninsula, the approx. 30 square kilometer Jasmund National Park was created in 1990 . The peninsula is best known for its chalk cliffs .
After the Thirty Years War, the Jasmund peninsula was owned for a time by the Swedish general Carl Gustav Wrangel , then the Count De la Gardie , from whom Prince Wilhelm Malte I. zu Putbus acquired it.
landscape
Ice Age deposits shape the landscape. Depressions are often occupied by smaller lakes. The most striking chalk cliff is the 118 meter high Königsstuhl . The Wissower Klinken , another well-known chalk formation, slipped almost completely into the sea on February 24, 2005, so that little was left of this attraction. Two thirds of the Jasmund National Park cover a wide variety of forest forms with their typical habitats. The forest on the coastal slopes is particularly impressive. A wide variety of shapes with rare trees such as wild pear, wild apple, yew and ivy spread out here. In the back of the Großer Stubbenkammer lies the Stubnitz , a 7.5 kilometer long and up to 4 kilometer wide beech forest , at the southern end of which lies the city of Sassnitz . The remaining areas are divided between moors, beaches, meadows, pastures and settlement areas. Another incision in the Chalk Mountains, the Kleine Stubbenkammer , lies to the east of the Königsstuhl , is not that high, but almost even steeper, and from its edge, which is overgrown with trees and bushes, allows a view almost vertically down to the sea. The Herthasee (Borg or Schwarzer See), which has a diameter of about 150 meters and is 11 meters deep, is also located near the Königsstuhl . To the west, a rampart meets the lake, which encloses an oval square and has a circumference of 300 meters and is bordered to the west by a second, but irregular wall, almost in a quarter circle. You have this wall, the 136 m above sea level. NN lies, thought to be the remains of the Herthaburg and the scene of the Hertha or Nerthus saga moved there, but the wall is much more likely a castle and temple wall from the time of the Slavic settlement of Rügen from the 7th century, which perhaps the temple of the Czernoglowy .
Landscape history
Jasmund was shaped by inland glaciers during the last ice age . They upset the chalk and older ice age layers in the subsurface to form a ridge. Today it rises with the Piekberg , the highest point on Rügen, 161 meters above the Baltic Sea and has a strongly structured relief. Glaciation in the Rügen area ended around 14,000 years ago. Subsequently, first a cold steppe , later birch and pine forests, then mixed oak forests spread out. Beech forests have dominated the area for the past thousand years. Lakes that silted up and became moors were created in depressions without any drainage. About 6000 years ago the sea level rose to its present level. High areas like Jasmund became islands. The erosive effect of waves and currents created steep banks that still characterize the landscape today.
Conservation history
The history of nature conservation on Jasmund goes back to the 16th century. The aim was initially to protect the forest as a source of raw materials for purely economic reasons. Against this background, the first wood regulations were issued in 1586. It marks the beginning of centuries of efforts to ensure sustainable forest use. At the beginning of the 20th century, the steep banks threatened to be destroyed by chalk mining. This called nature lovers on the scene and in 1929 the Jasmund nature reserve was designated by police order. This was followed in 1986 by the Quoltitz nature reserve in the western part of today's national park. With the political change in the GDR , the area was threatened with uninhibited tourist marketing. In 1990, as part of the GDR's national park program, the Jasmund National Park was finally established. An idea that was first formulated in 1964 by Lebrecht Jeschke found its implementation .
geology
The active steep banks of the Jasmund peninsula represent the largest geological outcrop in Northern Germany . Due to the storm-exposed location of Jasmund, the steep banks are active to the present day, i. This means that erosion processes take place over and over again , which gradually shift the coastline into the hinterland and prevent the vegetation from spreading. Strata of rock are constantly exposed here that are not accessible to other locations or are only accessible at certain points and for a limited time.
When you go for a walk on the beach, you don't just come across white chalk with layers of black flint bulbs . Boulder clay deposited by Ice Age glaciers and sandy deposits from meltwater also build up the subsoil. With the ice age debris, among them some of the largest erratic boulders on Rügen , there are documents for many epochs of the geological past of the Scandinavian - Baltic region.
Due to the calcareous spring water, a travertine cascade formed on the Stubbenhörn , which gained some fame; however, after the springs dried up in the middle of the 20th century, travertine formation came to a standstill.
etymology
The name of the Jasmund peninsula is of Germanic origin and was first mentioned in 1249 as terra Jasmundia . The name is derived from the Scandinavian personal name Ásmundr .
Communities
The communities of Sassnitz , Lietzow , Sagard , Lohme and Glowe are located on the peninsula .
literature
- Jasmunder Heimatheft. 1 (2013) -
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans-Dieter Krienke, Hilmar Schnick: Built from small lime shells. The chalk coast of Jasmund on Rügen. In: Ernst-Rüdiger Look, Ludger Feldmann (Ed.): Fascination Geology. The most important geotopes in Germany. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-510-65219-3 , p. 26 ff.
- ↑ Ernst Eichler, Onomastica Rugiana. Plea for the toponymy of an island, in: Worlds of Names: Place and Personal Names in a Historical View (Berlin 2004), p. 37.
Bug | Jasmund | Mönchgut | Motherland | Schaabe | Narrow heather | Wittow | Zudar
Coordinates: 54 ° 32 ' N , 13 ° 35' E