Boulders around and on Rügen

The overview of boulders around and on Rügen makes it easier to find them. A boulder is a mostly single-lying, at least one cubic meter comprehensive stone block formed by glaciers during the ice ages was transported to its present location.

Before the establishment of the Ice Age theory, there were many stories and legends surrounding the huge " erratic blocks " . On Rügen is because of the special situation of the island during the ice ages and by the continuing coastal erosion a lot of interesting big boulders. In the Neolithic Age , people built large stone graves from boulders , which are still numerous on Rügen. Until the 19th century, large boulders were used as " quarries " to convert them into building material for monuments (e.g. the Prussian columns at Neukamp and Groß Stresow or for the Ernst Moritz Arndt Tower on the Rugard in 1854 ), for coasts - and harbor fortifications, paving stones and millstones to be won. Countless boulders fell victim to this development on Rügen. Today erratic blocks are considered natural monuments worth preserving and have a different status.

The data on the largest boulders on Rügen can be found in the table below. Further information can be found in the respective sections on the individual boulders.

General

In the Slavic ramparts at Cape Arkona , the marl layer is clearly visible over the chalk

There are a particularly large number of large boulders on the Baltic island of Rügen and its immediate vicinity. On the one hand, Rügen (especially the Jasmund peninsula ) is considered to be the glacier divide between the Belt and Oder currents of the Vistula Ice Age , which has resulted in a band of scree typical of central moraines . On the other hand, boulders were exposed by coastal erosion (especially by the surf) and can be found on beaches off the cliffs . Here they fell over time from the glacial till layer that since the Ice Age in many places the powerful more than 65 million year old Cretaceous layer superimposed. The main direction of the glacier flow came from the relatively nearby island of Bornholm , which is why some of the particularly large boulders on Rügen come from there.

Erratic boulders, the area of origin of which can be determined from the internal structure and composition, are called guide debris . The origin can be determined by information in the bed load identification literature, but also by comparison with rock samples from the upcoming . Such a Nordic collection exists for Rügen at the University of Greifswald . By determining the origin of these large debris, the directions of the individual glacier streams could be determined.

The legally protected geotopes on Rügen include boulders made of crystalline and metamorphic rock that have a minimum volume of 10 m³. Boulders from sedimentary rocks , such as B. lime, sandstone or quartzite are generally protected if they are over 1 meter in length. However, the volume of most boulders cannot be precisely determined because they are usually partly hidden in the ground. The size information in the list is based on the traditional estimates, which are also used by most geologists in their publications. The list also partly shows the volume measured above ground; the part hidden in the ground is not taken into account here. Experience has shown that the approximation factor 0.6 corrects the deviation from the cuboid shape . The information on the mass is based on the average density of granite (2.7 g / cm³ or 2.7 t / m³).

table

rank	Geotope name	Volume / (above ground) ¹⁾	Dimensions	Object no. ²⁾	place
1.	Buskam	206 m³	550 t	G2 083	in the water - near Göhren , 350 m from the shore (north beach / east)
2.	Boulder Nardevitz	120 m³ (71 m³)	325 t	G2 075	400 m north of Nardevitz in the field, in the bushes
3.	Blandow boulder	65 m³ (54.5 m³)	175 t	G2 081	in the water - from Blandow (municipality of Lohme ) to the beach and from there approx. 200 m to the east
4th	Siebenschneiderstein	61 m³ (32.5 m³)	165 t	G2 068	on the beach - 1 km northwest of Cape Arkona , at Gellort
5.	Schwanenstein	60 m³ (54 m³)	162 t	G2 073	in the water - 150 m east of the port of Lohme, 20 m from the shore
6th	Uskam (Klein Helgoland)	41 m³ (40.5 m³)	110 t	G2 066	in the water - 370 m east-northeast of the Sassnitz Kurplatz, 15 m from the shore
7th	Jastor	34 m³ (32.5 m³)	91 t	G2 537	at the entrance to the new Sassnitz ferry port
8th.	Quoltitz sacrificial stone	27 m³ (14.5 m³)	73 t	G2 072	750 m northeast of the Quoltitz desert on the edge of the Jasmund National Park on the left under trees
9.	Foundling Jasmund	27 m³ (21 m³)	73 t	G2 082	on the beach - between Kollicker Bach and Kollicker Ort in the Jasmund National Park
10.	Möwenstein (Ummanz)	27 m³ (13.5 m³)	73 t	G2 091	at Tankow on the island of Ummanz directly behind the dike on the pasture (bird sanctuary!)
11.	Black foundling	25 m³	68 t	G2 079	on the beach - 800 m north of Schwarbe-Siedlung ( Altenkirchen municipality ), 50 m west of the Müllerrinne
12.	Washing stone (stump chamber)	22 m³	60 t	G2 071	in the water - 260 m north of the Königsstuhl in the Jasmund National Park, 35 m from the shore
13.	Svantekah's boulder	18 m³	49 t	G2 074	on the beach - 900 m northwest of Ruschvitz
14th	Boulder Varnkevitz West	16 m³	43 t	G2 080	on the beach - 500 m northwest of Varnkevitz ( Putgarten municipality )
15th	Boulder mountains	15 m³	41 t	G2 392	at the market of the city of Bergen on Rügen , in front of the house at Markt 27 (according to table 35 t)
16.	Boulder Cape Arkona S	14 m³	38 t	G2 078	on the beach - below the southern end of the ramparts of the Jaromarsburg
17th	Boulder Varnkevitz Ost	12 m³	33 t	G2 461	on the beach - 800 m northeast of Varnkevitz
18th	Boulder Putgarten NW	12 m³	33 t	G2 077	on the beach - 1400 m northwest of Putgarten, 250 m east of the north bank parking lot

¹⁾ Share measured above ground according to the formula length × width × height × 0.6 (approximation factor )
²⁾ The legally protected geotopes in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania are combined in a cadastre at the State Office for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology. They are clearly marked with the signature “G2” and a number.

Erratic boulders on land

The foundling Nardevitz
The Siebenschneiderstein
The Jastor near Sassnitz
The Möwenstein on the island of Ummanz
The foundling Jasmund
The Quoltitz sacrificial stone

Boulders in the water

The bus came at Goehren
The Blandow boulder near Blandow (municipality of Lohme )
The Schwanenstein before Lohme
The Uskam before Sassnitz
The Fritz Worm stone in front of Lobbe
The washing stone below the king's chair

literature

Christian Svenson: Protected boulders on the island of Rügen . State Office for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Güstrow 2005, (technical competence: Institute for Geography and Geology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald).
Bernward Wember Large stones on Rügen. Stone myth and megalithic culture. A treasure trove of the Stone Age. Reprint-Verlag, Bergen auf Rügen 2007, ISBN 978-3-939915-00-3 .

Individual evidence

↑ boulders. State Office for Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania; accessed on February 25, 2020
↑ Dr. Karsten Obst (State Office for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Geological State Service): In: Ostsee-Zeitung . No. 219/52, 18./19. September 2004.

[1] boulders. State Office for Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania; accessed on February 25, 2020

[2] Dr. Karsten Obst (State Office for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Geological State Service): In: Ostsee-Zeitung . No. 219/52, 18./19. September 2004.