Bug (Ruegen)
.png)
The westernmost headland of the Wittow peninsula on Rügen is called the Bug . The place that used to exist there was called "Posthaus Wittow". The Bug begins south of the place Dranske , to whose municipality it belongs.
Origin of name
On the one hand, the name Bug is traced back to the owner of the headland, first mentioned in a document in 1284, Knight Antonius de Buge . On the other hand, Bug is derived from the German meaning "bend".
geography
The Bug peninsula extends from Dranske over a distance of 8 km and an area of 500 ha in a south-westerly direction. At the narrowest point in the northeast it is only 55 meters wide, in the southwest the maximum width is about 1500 meters. To the west, the Bug connects to the Baltic Sea . The northern part of the island of Hiddensee lies in front of it on the Baltic Sea side. To the southwest, the Vitter Bodden borders the Bug. In the northeast the Wieker Bodden and in the southeast the Buger Bodden and the Rassower Strom separate the peninsula from the island of Rügen.
The southernmost point is the Buger Hook . Further sand hooks are on the bottom side (from north to south) Blevser Haken , Eckort , Fischer Haken and the Neubessin (not to be confused with the neighboring Neubessin on the island of Hiddensee).
geology
In the years 1835 to 1930, the bow grew by an average of six meters every year due to sand deposits. As the largest sand hook on the island of Rügen, it is still growing. The wind tidal flats off the island of Hiddensee on the Altbessin and the Neubessin spread to the Bug. Only a regularly flushed fairway separates the bow from the island of Hiddensee.
Flora and fauna
The southern part of the Bug has been part of the Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft National Park since September 12, 1990 . For many decades the Bug was a restricted military area. This allowed nature to develop more or less undisturbed.
The bow includes forests, dunes and species-rich wetlands. The woods were for the most part as a forest created. As in the northeast of the neighboring island of Hiddensee, the formation of new land in the south of the Bug provides habitat for numerous invertebrates such as worms and mussels. This abundant food source attracts rare native bird species as well as numerous migratory birds. In 1998, the only occurrence of this species in Germany was the sticky glue sheet ( Silene viscosa ) identified by Heinz Henker and E. Schreiber.
history
16. – 19. century
In 1540 Christoph von der Lancken set up large traps for fishing . During a storm flood in 1615, the bow was completely flooded. In 1683, the Stralsund –Bug– Ystad post line was opened , and the Swedish post sailor “ Hiorten ” ran it from 1692 to 1702. A post office , a post house with a pier, was built as a stopover in 1684 . Ten years later, the peninsula was given the field name "Posthaus" as part of the Swedish national survey . Around 1700 the Bug was unforested because of the clearing and consisted for the most part of sand steppe and pasture land.
Between 1806 and 1810 the post line was closed. On November 19, 1817, the Royal Government's maritime facilities for the fairway to the bow came into service. The reopening of the Bug – Ystad route took place in 1822 with steamers . In 1853 a weather observation base was built on the bow. The Stralsund – Bug – Malmö post line was used daily in 1864 by the ships “Oskar” and “Pommerania”. A telegraph station was built at the Bug Post Office in 1865 .
The big storm flood on 12./13. November 1872 separated the Bug from Wittow. In the years 1887/1888 the Bug was reforested and in 1895 a forester's house was built. Pilot operations began in the same year . On April 29, 1897, the steamer "Oskar" dipped the flag for the last time at the Bug Post Office.
First World War
During the First World War there was a sea flight station on the bow , built from 1916 to 1918. The station was opened on January 27, 1917 on the market in Wiek / Rügen. On November 1, 1918, a connection to the Rügen small railway line Bergen – Altenkirchen was opened, which met the main line at Wiek / Rügen. In accordance with the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , all military installations were placed under the control of the British Naval Command. This had the sea flight station dismantled by 1920. The traffic on the small railway line was also discontinued in 1920 and the track systems to Dranske were dismantled. The buildings to the north were not demolished, but served as a rest home for the German Civil Service and Economic Association from 1920 to 1930. The arrival of the guests took place by ship from Stralsund.
In 1921, eleven families lived in the Bug-Posthaus settlement (two customs officers, two customs boatmen, a teacher and six pilots). The settlement consisted of three pilot houses, the customs house and the school. Each family ran a small farm with one or two cows and grew vegetables. From 1931 the construction of new aircraft hangars - initially intended for civil use - began, as the establishment of a pilot school was planned.
Second World War
In 1933 the construction of a sea air base began with a small land airfield in the south. In 1939 there were several large aircraft hangars, barracks and utilities on the bow. The base served as a training base for pilots, gunmen, radio operators and scouts, but no combat missions were flown from here. From autumn 1944 to May 4, 1945, the distress group 81 was stationed here under "Flight Captain" Captain Karl Born , see below. a. Wehrmacht emergency squadrons . From May 1945 the Bug and Dranske filled with refugees. Around 90 people died of exhaustion and typhus in the winter of 1945/46 . They were buried in blankets in various places on the bow.
Modern times
In 1948/1949 the Red Army blew up and dismantled the facilities on the bow, including the asphalt airfield, which was then planted with poplar trees. The Bug remained uninhabited from 1947 to 1950, which gave nature the chance to spread unhindered. From 1950 a pensioner, Gustav Zingrefe (called Uncle Gustav) lived on the south bend. This became the starting point for many guests of the bow, mainly for sailors and camping enthusiasts. From 1954 to 1960 there was the youth hostel "Gerhart Hauptmann" and a campsite on the bow .
1961 to 1965 a base was built for the 6th Flotilla of the People's Navy . Until 1990 the Bug was the base of the Schnellbootflotille and a restricted area. The German Navy handled the Schnellbootstützpunkt 1990/1991.
From 1993 to 1999 there was an international tender, various usage concepts were presented. In 2001 the Oetken company from Oldenburg bought the 209 hectare military property. It began with the renovation of the bow, the demolition of almost all old buildings and the planning of a holiday and leisure center (marina with 400 berths and 2,000 guest beds in different categories). However, since 2002 the project has been inactive due to insufficient funding.
literature
- Marten Schmidt: Rügen's secret headland. The classified bug . 3. Edition. Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-86153-482-2 .
- Günter Krieg: The bow. Part 1 and 2. Series of publications of the Wieker Heimatverein e. V., 1995 and 1996.
Web links
Individual evidence
Bug | Jasmund | Mönchgut | Motherland | Schaabe | Narrow heather | Wittow | Zudar
Coordinates: 54 ° 35 ' N , 13 ° 12' E