Złocieniec

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Złocieniec
Złocieniec coat of arms
Złocieniec (Poland)
Złocieniec
Złocieniec
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : Drawsko Pomorskie
Area : 32.28  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 32 ′  N , 16 ° 0 ′  E Coordinates: 53 ° 32 ′ 0 ″  N , 16 ° 0 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 137 m npm
Residents : 12,901
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 78-520
Telephone code : (+48) 94
License plate : ZDR
Economy and Transport
Street : DK20 Stargard ↔ Gdynia
Rail route : Runowo Pomorskie-Chojnice
Next international airport : Szczecin-Goleniów
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 21 localities
9 school offices
Surface: 194.22 km²
Residents: 16,444
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 85 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 3203063
Administration (as of 2009)
Mayor : Waldemar Włodarczyk
Address:
ul.Stary Rynek 3 78-520 Złocieniec
Website : www.zlocieniec.pl



Złocieniec ( German  Falkenburg ) is a town and seat of a town and country municipality in Powiat Drawski ( Powiat Dramburg) in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

The small town is located in Western Pomerania , at the confluence of the Drage (Polish Drawa ) and Vansow, ascending in steps in the Vansow valley. The area belongs to Pomeranian Switzerland and the Pomeranian Lake District . The 167 meter high Fuchsberg rises ten kilometers to the south.

In the place the railway lines Runowo Pomorskie ( Ruhnow ) –Chojnice ( Konitz ) and the 1991 abandoned Kalisz Pomorski ( Kallies ) –Złocieniec – Połczyn-Zdrój ( Bad Polzin ) crossed . Stargard ( Stargard in Pomerania ) can only be reached via subordinate highways as the next larger city after about 70 kilometers.

Drage in the castle park
Lake by the city

history

Falkenburg east of Dramburg on a map from 1905
Central town square
Town hall (photo 2010)
Marienkirche (Protestant until 1945), built by the Teutonic Order .
hospital
Old trees in the castle park

In a strategically favorable location on a headland between Drage and Vansow, Knights Templar built a castle around 1250 . A settlement emerged under their protection, which was mentioned as the village of Falkenburg in a document from Brandenburg Landgrave Waldemars the Great towards the end of the 13th century . At that time, Falkenburg belonged to the Neumark , although it remained until 1815. The castle passed into the possession of the Wedel family , who were enfeoffed with the entire state of Falkenburg. Despite the feudal contract, the margrave pledged the land of Falkenburg to the bishop of Cammin in 1317 . In 1333 the brothers Lüdecke and Hasso von Wedel, sons of Ludolf von Wedel , elevated Falkenburg to the city of Magdeburg law . In the following generation, the Falkenburg was the residence of Hasso von Wedel-Falkenburg . The land of Falkenburg changed its ruler again in 1402; this time the German order of knights acquired the entire Neumark, including Falkenburg. However, the order could not hold the city for long, because it was conquered by the Poles as early as 1435. Twenty years later the knight Heinrich Borcke , known as the “Black Knight”, conquered the city and placed it under the rule of Brandenburg again.

It is known from the time of the Thirty Years' War that the imperial troops set up their winter quarters in Falkenburg. A dispute arose between the feudal lord Borke and the margrave over property rights. For several years the margrave withdrew the fief and placed Falkenburg under his immediate rule, but returned the fief to Borke after the dispute was over. If Falkenburg had previously suffered from the constant border conflicts between Brandenburg and nearby Pomerania , this was done with the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, which placed neighboring Pomerania under the rule of Brandenburg. In 1658 the city fell victim to a fire, except for a few houses, which was started by a cloth maker.

  • Market square with town hall around 1900

  • Falkenburg Castle around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

  • Falkenburg Castle in 1906

Since the Prussian administrative reforms of 1816 Falkenburg belonged to Pomerania in the administrative district of Koszalin in the Prussian province of Pomerania . It remained essentially until 1945; only the assignment to the administrative district was changed again in 1938.

As early as the 18th century, Falkenburg became a center of the cloth making trade. In 1792 72 cloth makers worked in the city. They pushed the previously dominant arable citizens back more and more and transformed Falkenburg into a prosperous industrial city. The entrepreneur Ludwig Klatt opened a cloth factory in 1838, in which a steam engine was used for the first time. Bernhard von Mellenthin , lord of the Falkenburg castle since 1842 , provided another branch of industry . He used the huge clay block that existed near the city to manufacture bricks in the hand-painted brickworks he built in 1860. He supplied large parts of Prussia with his products , and they were used, among other things, in the construction of the Spandau Citadel .

From 1878 to 1945 the castle with the associated castle estate, operating size 12,132 acres, belonged to the von Griesheim family. The last owner was Chamberlain Kurt von Griesheim. The castle fell into disrepair from 1945, today only the castle park remains.

In 1877 Falkenburg was first connected to a railway line, the line from Ruhnow to Neustettin, with which a connection to the main line Stettin – Danzig was established. This created the conditions for further industrial settlements, mainly in the textile industry. At the beginning of the 20th century, eight cloth factories were working, mainly busy producing the uniform material “Falkenburg Feldgrau” for the army. After the First World War , a new line of business was added with tourism, because many city dwellers had discovered the advantages of the lake-rich landscape around Falkenburg, which was now promoting itself as the “Green Heart of Pomeranian Switzerland”.

The NS-Ordensburg Krössinsee was built near the city from 1934 to 1936 , which served as one of three such institutions in Germany for the training of leadership personnel of the NSDAP . In September 2016, researchers were able to recover a so-called time capsule from the foundation of the NS-Ordensburg, which contains historical newspapers, Hitler's Mein Kampf and other contemporary documents from 1934. In 1938, Falkenburg, like the rest of the Dramburg district, was assigned to the newly formed Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia administrative district . The population rose to almost 9,000 by 1939, making it the largest city in the Dramburg district.

Towards the end of World War II , Falkenburg was occupied by the Red Army on March 3, 1945 . Soon after, the city was placed under Polish administration. The immigration of Polish civilians began in Falkenburg. Where German citizens had not fled, they were in the period that followed sold .

In 1946 the city was given the Polish name Złocieniec .

Demographics

Number of inhabitants up to 1945
year Residents Remarks
1719 635
1750 953
1801 1,527 including two Jewish families with ten individuals
1816 1,878 including four Catholics and 50 Jews
1831 2,456 including nine Catholics and 74 Jews
1843 3,052 including five Catholics and 85 Jews
1852 3,182 including ten Catholics and 101 Jews
1861 3,417 including six Catholics and 100 Jews
1875 3,603
1880 4,009
1925 5,529
1933 5,975
1939 8,632

Partnerships

Attractions

The St. Marien Church, built around 1440, is a late Gothic hall church made of brick. After the city fire of 1658, the star vault was destroyed with the exception of the choir. It received its current shape with the slender tower in 1879.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

  • Joachim Bernhard Steinbrück (1725–1789), German Protestant pastor and historical researcher
  • August Milarch (1786–1862), German educator and theologian
  • Otto Neitzel (1852–1920), German pianist, composer, music writer and university professor
  • Ulrich Kleist (1866– † after 1917), German poet, writer and educator
  • Ullrich Haupt senior (1887–1931), German-American actor and theater director
  • Rudolf Katz (1895–1961), German politician (SPD), Minister in Schleswig-Holstein
  • Otto Gohdes (1896–1945), German politician (NSDAP), commander of the "Reichsführererschule" NS-Ordensburg Krössinsee
  • Hubert Schiefelbein (* 1930), German sculptor and university professor

Gmina Złocieniec

General

The urban and rural community Złocieniec covers an area of ​​194.22 km² and thus takes up eleven percent of the area of ​​the entire powiat Drawski (district of Dramburg ). It has 15,426 inhabitants, of which around 2000 live in rural communities.

The northeast of the municipality is in Drawski Park Krajobrazowy ( Dramburg Landscape Protection Park ) in the Dramburger Lake District.

Neighboring municipalities of Gmina Złocieniec are:

Community structure

The Gmina Złocieniec includes: the city of Złocieniec and a total of 21 localities, which are assigned to nine districts ("Schulzenämtern"):

  • Districts :
  • Bobrowo ( Dietersdorf )
  • Cieszyno ( Teschendorf )
  • Darskowo ( Friedrichsdorf )
  • Kosobudy ( Birkholz )
  • Lubieszewo ( Güntershagen )
  • Rzęśnica ( Grünberg )
  • Starlings Worowo ( Alt Wuhrow )
  • Stawno ( seagulls )
  • Warniłęg ( Warlang )
  • Other localities :
  • Błędno ( Johannesthal ) Jadwiżyn ( Charlottenhof ), Jarosław ( Marienau ) Kosobudki ( Kotzbude ) Małobór ( Chartronswalde ) Męcidół ( Mummelsort ) Skąpe ( Beatenhof ) Szymalów, Wąsosz ( Bruchhof ) and Zatonie ( Griinhof ).

traffic

Streets

The busy Polish national road 20 runs through the municipality in a west-east direction , which leads from Stargard ( Stargard in Pomerania ) to Gdynia ( Gdynia ) and almost in its entire length the route of the former German Reichsstrasse 158 ( Berlin - Lauenburg in Pomerania) ) drives. Only minor secondary roads connect the community with the neighboring towns of Połczyn-Zdrój ( Bad Polzin ) and Mirosławiec ( Märkisch Friedland ).

rails

Today's municipality has been connected to the railway line Ruhnow (now Polish: Runowo) - Dramburg (Drawsko Pomorskie) - Tempelburg (Czaplinek) - Neustettin (Szczecinek) - Konitz (Chojnice) - with the railway stations Bobrowo ( Dietersdorf ), Rzęśnica ( Grünberg ) since 1877 ) and Złocieniec. The latter station was connected to the current Kalisz Pomorski ( Kallies ) - Złociniec and on to Połczyn-Zdrój railway from 1900 to 1991 .

literature

Web links

Commons : Złocieniec  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ GHdA, Noble Houses A, Volume VII, pommerndatenbank.de , Pommern address book
  3. ^ Franziska Hein: Historical find in Poland. Nazi time capsule from 1934 discovered . Rheinische Post online, September 19, 2016
  4. ↑ Polish Archeologists Uncover Chilling Remnant Of WWII lifedaily.com, picture / text series, undated, accessed February 13, 2017.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Gustav Kratz ; The cities of the province of Pomerania - an outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1965, p. 101 .
  6. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg. Volume 3: Containing the Neumark Brandenburg. Berlin 1809, p. 228 ( books.google.de ).
  7. ^ A b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. dramburg.html # ew39dramlfalkenb. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  8. ↑ zlocieniec.pl