Passport (desert)

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Pass is a desert area in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland , about 35 kilometers southeast of Szczecin .

Geographical location

The desert lies on Voivodship Road 106 , which runs from northeast to southwest and crosses the Plönebruch . The closest neighboring towns are Grędziec (Schöningen) in the north and Czernice (Sehmsdorf) in the east . Neighboring towns on Voivodship Road are in the northeast Obryta (Groß Schönfeld) and in the south Okunica (Friedrichsthal) .

history

The later town of Pass appears in medieval documents from the 12th century under the name Brode or Broda . The first mention comes from a document of the Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw I , with which he made donations to the Kolbatz monastery around 1185 ; here Brode served to describe the border. In a document from 1186/1187, two copies of which have survived, Duke Bogislaw I confirmed the possession of the village of Broda to the Kolbatz monastery , which the monastery had bought from a nobleman named Walter. At the same time, the duke forbade the construction of mills on the Plöne , from which it can be concluded that there was already a watermill in the village at that time, which should be protected by the prohibition of further mills. In the following years the village was listed in confirmations of ownership for the Kolbatz monastery, for the first time in a document from 1187, with which Pope Gregory VIII confirmed the monastery and took it under his protection. A Schulze von Broda named Dietrich ("Theodericus scultetus de Broda") appeared as a witness in 1242 when the Pomeranian nobleman Swantibor confirmed and transferred extensive property to the Kolbatz monastery.

In or near the place there was a castle in the Middle Ages. Because in the Treaty of Vierraden , which Duke Bogislaw IV of Pomerania concluded with the Margraves of Brandenburg in 1284, the Duke undertook to razor the castle in Brode . This castle (castrum) is likely to have originated in the feuds in previous years. The castle was still standing in 1345.

The Wendish name Broda means ford or pass, so it comes from the local transition through the Plönebruch, which was impassable until the 18th century. The place name Berkenbrode was in use from the 16th to the 18th century . The place appeared as Barkenbrode on the Lubin map published in 1618 . The later German place name Pass is a translation of the old Wendish name Broda .

With the Reformation the Kolbatz monastery was secularized and its property was administered by the Pomeranian dukes. Duke Bogislaw XIV pledged the Berkenbrodesche Mühle to his purveyor to the court in Szczecin, Joachim Wolff. It was not redeemed again, but became private hereditary property.

In Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann's detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania (1784), the Berkenbrod pass mill was listed among the mills of the Kolbatz Office. At that time, the mill on the Plönestrom had two sub-floor grinding courses . A jug belonged to the property, and the Kruger was also a customs collector. Brüggemann described the mill as one of the best and most handsome in the Prussian lands because of the land belonging to it .

In 1818 Johann August Sack , President of the Province of Pomerania, bought the Berkenbrodsche Pass-Vorwerk and mill for the state. This was part of his grand plan to build a canal from the Oder to the Netze and the Warta . This should follow the course of the plan and the water mill should have been lifted. Nothing came of this plan. The purchase was useful when the Plönebruch was drained in the middle of the 19th century. For this purpose, the Plöne was placed in a new course, the Schönings Canal , and the mill and the mill jam located on the Alte Plöne have now been lifted.

In Heinrich Berghaus ' Landbuch des Herzogtums Pommern (1868), the pass was listed as a state domain Vorwerk among the rural villages in the district of the Pyritz Domain Rent Office . At that time the Pass had 67 inhabitants. There were four residential buildings, including a pitcher, and twelve farm buildings. The Vorwerk was leased to a domain tenant.

Before 1945, Pass formed a place to live in the rural community of Schöningen and belonged with this to the Pyritz district of the Prussian province of Pomerania .

After the Second World War, the passport came to Poland, like all of Western Pomerania. Today the place is desolate. The desert is in the area of Gmina Pyrzyce (municipality of Pyritz) in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship .

literature

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1. 2nd edition (= publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Series 2, Vol. 1). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 98.
  2. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1. 2nd edition (= publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Series 2, Vol. 1). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 103 and 104.
  3. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1. 2nd edition (= publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Series 2, Vol. 1). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 110.
  4. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1. 2nd edition (= publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Series 2, Vol. 1). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 398.
  5. ^ Hermann Hoogeweg : The landowner acquisition of the Kolbatz monastery . In: Baltic Studies . Volume 19 NF. 1916, p. 42.
  6. ^ Hermann Hoogeweg : The landowner acquisition of the Kolbatz monastery . In: Baltic Studies . Volume 19 NF. 1916, p. 55.
  7. ^ Hermann Hoogeweg : The landowner acquisition of the Kolbatz monastery . In: Baltic Studies . Volume 19 NF. 1916, p. 6 footnote 2.
  8. ↑ Friedrich Wilhelm Schmidt: Place and field names of the Pyritz district north of the Plöne. In: Baltic Studies . Volume 24/25 NF, 1922, p. 205 no. 74.
  9. ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania. Part II, Volume 2. Stettin 1784, p. 122. ( Online )
  10. ^ Entry in the Pomeranian information system

Coordinates: 53 ° 12 '  N , 14 ° 57'  E