Obryta

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Obryta ( German Groß Schönfeld ) is a village in Gmina Warnice (municipality of Warnitz) in the Powiat Pyrzycki (Pyritzer Kreis) of the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

The village is situated in the historic landscape Weizacker in Pomerania , about 30 kilometers southeast of the city of Szczecin .

Voivodeship road 106 runs through the village from southwest to northeast . Neighboring towns in the north are Reńsko (Schönbrunn) , in the northeast on the Barnim (Barnimskunow) voivodship road , in the southeast the scattered settlement Nowy Przylep (Neu Prilipp) , in the south Stary Przylep (Old Prilipp) and in the southwest Grędziec (Schöningen) and Czernice (Sehmsdorf) . To the southwest of the village on the Voivodeship Road lies the desert pass .

West of the village is the Stargard Szczeciński – Godków railway (Stargard – Jädickendorf railway) with a train station.

history

United Schoenfeld ( Schone Feldt ) south-southeast of the Szczecin Lagoon , southeast of Madüsees ( Madui Lacus ) and south-southwest of Warnitz on the map of Eilhard Lubinus 1618 (detail)

The village may have been mentioned for the first time in a document from 1180/1183 under the name Schoneuelt . However, it is already controversial among historians whether this document, with which Bishop Konrad I of Pomerania allegedly confirmed his possession to the Kolbatz monastery and awarded him the bishop's tenth in a number of villages, is at all authentic. It is also controversial whether Schoneuelt meant this village, which later became Groß Schönfeld, or rather the later Klein Schönfeld .

The first reliable mention of the village comes from a document from the years 1200/1208, with which Duke Bogislaw II of Pomerania confirmed his ownership to the Kolbatz monastery . The village appeared here under its Slavic name Wobrita . The mention of Schonenuelt in a document from 1235, a confirmation of ownership of Duke Barnim I of Pomerania for the Kolbatz monastery, is also related to this village and then represents the German name of the village. From the juxtaposition of Slavic and German place names can it can be concluded that a German settlement had emerged next to the Slavic village.

The village remained in the possession of the Kolbatz monastery. Later mentions of the village were made in 1236 as Schoneuelt in a document from Bishop Konrad III. von Cammin, in 1237 in a confirmation of ownership by Pope Gregory IX. for the Kolbatz Monastery, in 1240 in a further confirmation of ownership by Duke Barnim I of Pomerania and in 1242 in a confirmation of ownership by Margraves Johann I and Otto III. of Brandenburg.

Brüggemann (1784) lists Groß-Schönfeld among the villages of the Kolbatz office. In this Kolbatz office, the property of the former Kolbatz monastery, which was secularized during the Reformation, was combined. At that time there were 52 households (“fire places”) in the village, including a free school, 22 farmers, five kossats, a blacksmith and a schoolmaster. There was also a church. At that time the "great road" ran from Pyritz to Stargard and Prussia between the field mark of Groß Schönfeld and the field mark of the northwestern patch of Werben .

When the landlord and rural conditions (see: Prussian Agrarian Constitution ) of the village were regulated in 1817 , land was ceded to the state. A village was founded on this, which was initially called Neu-Schönfeld , but was then named Sehmsdorf , after a district councilor Sehmsdorf , long-time tenant of the Pyritz office.

Berghaus (1868) lists Groß-Schönfeld as a church village among the rural localities in the district of the Pyritz Domain Rent Office in the Pyritz district . Groß-Schönfeld had 394 inhabitants at that time. There were 22 farms, five farms, a blacksmith's shop, a sexton school, a windmill and a jug. The former free school property had already been sold to 15 farmers who had divided the land among themselves. The church described Berghaus as "one of the richest village churches on the mainland of Pomerania".

Before 1945, Groß Schönfeld, which also included the three residential areas at Groß Schönfeld station , Sehmsdorf and Ziegelei , was a rural community in the Pyritz district of the Prussian province of Pomerania . In 1933 there were 501 inhabitants, in 1939 only 489 inhabitants.

Towards the end of the Second World War , the Red Army occupied the region in the spring of 1945 . Shortly afterwards, Groß Schönfeld was placed under Polish administration together with the whole of Western Pomerania . Groß Schönfeld received the Polish place name Obryta , based on the Slavic place name Wobrita, which was handed down from the beginning of the 13th century . As far as the people had not fled, they were in the period that followed sold and migrant Poland replaced. Today the village forms its own Schulzenamt in Gmina Warnice (Warnitz municipality) .

Attractions

  • Village church , boulder construction, expanded and heavily modified in 1845. A ruin after 1945, rebuilt in 1994.

literature

  • Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Vor and Hinter Pomerania. Part II, Volume 2. Stettin 1784, p. 115. ( Online )
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part II. Volume 3. Anklam 1868, pp. 616-617. ( Online )
  • Johannes Hinz : Pomerania. Signpost through an unforgettable country. Flechsig-Buchvertrieb, Würzburg 2002, ISBN 3-88189-439-X , p. 140.

Footnotes

  1. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1. 2nd edition (= publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Series 2, Vol. 1). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 83a.
  2. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1. 2nd edition (= publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Series 2, Vol. 1). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 141.
  3. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1. 2nd edition (= publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Series 2, Vol. 1). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 312.
  4. ^ Hermann Hoogeweg : The landowner acquisition of the Kolbatz monastery . In: Baltic Studies . Volume 19 NF. 1916, p. 6.
  5. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1. 2nd edition (= publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Series 2, Vol. 1). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 331.
  6. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1. 2nd edition (= publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Series 2, Vol. 1). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 344.
  7. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1. 2nd edition (= publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Series 2, Vol. 1). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 373.
  8. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1. 2nd edition (= publications of the Historical Commission for Pomerania. Series 2, Vol. 1). Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 404.
  9. ^ A b Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Vor and Hinter Pomerania. Part II, Volume 2. Stettin 1784, p. 115. ( Online )
  10. ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part II. Volume 3. Anklam 1868, pp. 616-617.
  11. ^ Community of Groß Schönfeld in the Pommern information system.
  12. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Pyritz district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  13. ↑ Sołectwa at bip.warnice.pl.

Coordinates: 53 ° 13 '  N , 14 ° 59'  E