Wierzbno (Warnice)

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Wierzbno
Coat of arms from advertise
Wierzbno (Poland)
Wierzbno
Wierzbno
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : Pyrzyce
Gmina : Warnice
Geographic location : 53 ° 14 '  N , 14 ° 55'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 13 '53 "  N , 14 ° 54' 55"  E
Residents :
Postal code : 74-201
Telephone code : (+48) 91
License plate : ZPY



Wierzbno ( German Werben ) is a village in the Gmina Warnice ( rural municipality Warnitz ) in the Powiat Pyrzycki ( Pyritzer Kreis ) of the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship . The village had in earlier times the city law , but declined from the late 16th century to a market town down.

Geographical location

The village is located in Western Pomerania , about 30 kilometers south-east of Stettin on the south-east bank of the Madusees . Neighboring places are in the north on the lake shore Koszewo (Groß Küssow) , in the northeast Dębica (Damnitz) and in the south Grędziec (Schöningen) .

About two kilometers east of the village runs the Stargard Szczeciński – Pyrzyce railway (Stargard – Pyritz railway) . Woiwodschaftsstraße 106 , which here corresponds to the former Reichsstraße 158 , runs roughly parallel to the railway line .

coat of arms

The coat of arms shows Jesus Christ as Salvator Mundi enthroned on a rainbow , next to his head a lily stem and a sword , under the arch two fish turned one above the other . According to Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann (1784), the fish are said to be vendace ; Madüsee vendace is native to the Madüsee .

history

Advertise in the Pyritz district , on the southeast bank of the Madusees , on a map from 1905
Village church (Protestant until 1945, built in the late Middle Ages)
Village party

Predecessor settlement Grindiz

The later town of Werben had a previous village settlement about a kilometer away. This is mentioned several times under the name Grindiz in documents from the 12th and 13th centuries. The first mention was made of a boundary description in a document of 1187/1188 at which the pommersche Herzog related Bogislaw I. the Kołbacz Abbey the possession of the village Brode (later pass confirmed).

The settlement then appears in documents of the Pomeranian Duke Barnim I from 1235 and 1240 as well as in a document from the Brandenburg margraves Johann I and Otto III. from 1242 on. With a document from 1236, Bishop Konrad III resigned. von Cammin for the benefit of the Kolbatz Monastery to build a mill in Grindiz . The village appears here as an episcopal property. A knight of Grindiz ("miles de Grindiz") named Matheus and a local pastor named Johannes appeared as witnesses in a document of the Pomeranian nobleman Swantibor from the line of the Swantiboriden from 1234, the pastor Johannes also in other documents. An "Arnoldus villicus de Vico", who appeared as a witness in a document of the same Swantibor from 1218/1233, is also related to this settlement, which could be referred to here as a vicus .

The last time Grindiz is mentioned in a document from 1248, which describes a not easy transaction. Duke Barnim I of Pomerania left the Land of Kolberg to Bishop Wilhelm von Cammin and received the Land Stargard as a fief, of which he in turn lent a part to the Camminer cathedral chapter, including Grindiz . This was the last mention of Grindiz.

City law in the Middle Ages

The successor settlement Werben appears for the first time in 1257 and 1274. It is not known when it received city ​​rights . The oldest name of the settlement as " oppidum " comes from 1316, previously in 1307 the (town) citizens of Werben ("cives de Werben") were mentioned. It is possible that the city was founded with the name change, i.e. before 1257. In any case, Werben was founded by 1300 at the latest, possibly decades earlier, as the city of the bishops of Cammin. The parish church in Werben belonged from 1303 to the archdeaconate Stargard , which was also called archdeaconate Werben in the 1330s.

During this time, the town of Werben was the center of the episcopal property east of the Madusees and often served as a place of residence for the bishops of Cammin, as can be deduced from the episcopal documents issued here. But the city was already off the main roads in the Middle Ages.

In 1321, Bishop Konrad IV von Cammin sold the episcopal area near Madüsee with the town of Werben for 2000 marks to the Kolbatz monastery . Soon afterwards, residents complained that the monastery was deliberately letting the city deteriorate. Konrad's successors challenged the sale; A settlement was reached in 1362, according to which the monastery had to pay an additional 200 marks, but the city of Werben kept it. Werben then remained in the possession of the Kolbatz monastery until the Reformation . The confirmation of a rifle brotherhood in Werben by the abbot of the Kolbatz monastery has come down to us from 1457. In 1474 the papal legate granted Antonius Bonumbra visitors and benefactors of the St. Jürgen Hospital in Refer a drain .

The first known confirmation of the town charter dates from 1564, when Duke Barnim XI. confirmed the Magdeburg law of the city , like the cities of Pyritz and Stettin .

Market towns in modern times

Werben lost its town charter from the end of the 16th century, and it is no longer listed as a town in the Lubin map from 1618. On the other hand, in the years 1664, 1691 and 1714, the city privileges were confirmed by the Elector of Brandenburg ( Upper Pomerania came to Brandenburg in 1648). In the 18th century the peasant order was also legally applied. In Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann's Detailed Description of the Current State of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania (1784), advertising is listed under the heading of a royal media city. At the same time, Brüggemann referred to Werben, which belonged to the royal office of Kolbatz, as a patch and emphasized that it no longer had city rights. At the end of the 18th and 19th centuries, Werben was considered a market town , as two markets were held in the town every year. In addition, the inhabitants lived mainly from agriculture. In 1853, a community assembly expressly advocated maintaining the rural community order. During the construction of the railroad, Werben had no rail connection.

Werben formed a municipality in the Pyritz district of the Prussian province of Pomerania until 1945 . The two residential areas Sethehof and Windmühle also belonged to the community .

After the end of the Second World War

Towards the end of the Second World War , the Red Army occupied the region in the spring of 1945 . Shortly afterwards Werben was placed under Polish administration together with the whole of Western Pomerania . The village was renamed Wierzbno . Unless the local population had fled, they were subsequently expropriated - usually with the exception of wedding rings and a few belongings in hand luggage - and driven westward via the Oder by the local Polish administration .

Today the village forms its own Schulzenamt in Gmina Warnice (Warnitz municipality) .

Population numbers

year Check-
residents 		Remarks
1740 400 including no Jews
1782 463 including two Jewish families
1791 490 including ten Jews
1797 499
1816 560
1840 640
1867 696
1871 680 including 673 Evangelicals, one Catholic and six Jews
1895 619
1925 593 584 Protestants and nine Catholics, no Jews
1933 601
1939 585

Attractions

One of the ceiling paintings in the church, the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. Inscription: “I will pour out my spirit on all flesh”. Painter's signature: "Johann Christoff Thiessen pinxit".
  • Church building from the late Middle Ages. The church tower was destroyed by lightning in 1597 and then rebuilt in different ways. The four corner turrets are from a later time. The important interior of the church, including a pulpit altar and a closed church chair , was lost after 1945. The interior of the church is painted.

literature

Web links

Commons : Wierzbno, West Pomeranian Voivodeship  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania. Part 2, Volume 1. Stettin 1784, p. 99. ( Online )
  2. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch . Volume 1. 2nd edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 104.
  3. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch. Volume 1. 2nd edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 312.
  4. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch. Volume 1. 2nd edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 373.
  5. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch. Volume 1, 2nd edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 404.
  6. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch. Volume 1, 2nd edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 331.
  7. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch. Volume 1. 2nd edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 302.
  8. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch. Volume 1. 2nd edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 204.
  9. ^ Klaus Conrad (arrangement): Pommersches Urkundenbuch. Volume 1. 2nd edition. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Vienna 1970, No. 475.
  10. ^ Rudolf Benl: Pomerania up to the division of 1368/72. In: Werner Buchholz (ed.): German history in Eastern Europe. Pomerania . Siedler Verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-88680-272-8 , p. 78.
  11. ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Royal Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania. Part 2, Volume 1. Stettin 1784, pp. 97-99. ( Online )
  12. ↑ a b Municipality of advertising in the Pomeranian information system.
  13. ↑ Sołectwa at bip.warnice.pl.
  14. ↑ Christian Friedrich Wutstrack : Brief historical-geographical-statistical description of the royal Prussian duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Stettin 1793, overview table on p. 473.
  15. ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Vor and Hinter Pomerania . Part II, Volume 1: Description of the court district of the Royal. State colleges in Stettin belonging to the Eastern Pomeranian districts . Stettin 1784, p. 97.
  16. ↑ Christian Friedrich Wutstrack : Brief historical-geographical-statistical description of the royal Prussian duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Stettin 1793, overview table on p. 737 (table).
  17. ↑ a b c d Peter Johanek , Franz-Joseph Post (ed.); Thomas Tippach, Roland Lesniak (edit.): City book of Hinterpommern. Deutsches Städtebuch, Volume 3, 2. Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-17-018152-1 , p. 317.
  18. ↑ Local directory of the government district of Stettin according to the new district division from 1817 together with an alphabetical register . Stettin 1817, p. 53 (VIII. Pyritzer Kreis , No. 2).
  19. ↑ a b Royal Prussian Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Pomerania and their population . Berlin 1874, pp. 42–43, no. 85.
  20. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. pyritz.html # ew39pyrwerben. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).