Madüsee vendace

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The Madüsee vendace or Madümaräne is a fish that occurs in the Jezioro Miedwie ( Madüsee ) in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland .

Systematics

The Madümaräne is not an independent taxon , but possibly represented a population of the Baltic Sea beacon ( Coregonus maraena ) endemic in Jezioro Miedwie ( Madüsee ). It used to be considered a subspecies of Coregonus lavaretus , it was mostly called Coregonus lavaretus maraena (Bloch); however, this name is problematic and has been used in different senses by different taxonomists. The current population of the lake goes back to fishery stocking measures in which, according to genetic data, breeding material of various origins was used. Fish from the lake were then used for stocking or restocking in numerous other bodies of water (probably as far as Japan), so that the natural population structure and even the delimitation of species within the genus Coregonus are now highly problematic. The European species of the genus probably emerged after the last ice age, they can be crossed with one another without any problems and were previously only geographically isolated from one another by distribution barriers. A study in 2016 showed that the genetic material of the Siberian peled vendace ( Coregonus peled ) had even been crossed into the current population due to unclean work in the fish farms that deliver stocking fish .

The original population almost completely died out in 1975 in an environmental catastrophe in the lake, although only individual fish have been sighted in later years. The fish stock was later replenished by restocking, mainly for the purpose of fishing.

After a revision of the Coregons carried out by Maurice Kottelat in 1997 , it is now considered to be identical to the Baltic Sea Beak.

The Madümaräne in legend and poetry

According to legend, an abbot of the Kolbatz monastery introduced the Madumaräne into the lake with the help of the devil. The oldest form of this legend is in the Six Books of the Old Pomeranian Country (1639/1640) by Johannes Micraelius . There it only says that an abbot “brought in such fish through black art”. The presentation in the folk tales of Pomerania and Rügen (1840) by Jodocus Donatus Hubertus Temme is more detailed . Then the abbot concluded a contract with the devil, in which the devil undertook to bring vendors from Italy within a few hours, namely before the first cock crow. When the devil with the whitefish arrived in Pomerania, the rooster had just crowed. The devil threw the vendace out of anger in the Madüsee, where they still occur today.

This legend encouraged poetic implementation in the 19th century. Eduard Helmut Freyberg describes the saga in 15 stanzas in his Pomeranian sagas - ballads, romances and songs (1836). The historian and poet Franz Kugler wrote a legend after 1840, which remained unpublished during his lifetime and was only published in the Baltic Studies in 2000 .

literature

  • Rainer Hillenbrand: Franz Kugler's legend of the Maduemuränen. In: Baltic Studies . Volume 86 NF, 2000, ISSN  0067-3099 , pp. 100-106.
  • Rajmund Trzebiatowski, Tomasz Heese, Jerzy Wiszniewski (1988): Forms of whitefish Coregonus lavaretus L. in Lake Midwie. Acta Ichtyologica et Piscatoria 18 (1): 3-16.
  • Jolanta Kempter, Klaus Kohlmann, Remigiusz Panicz, Jacek Sadowski, Sławomir Keszka (2010): Genetic variability in European populations of Coregonus lavaretus (L.): an assessment based on mitochondrial ND-1 gene haplotypes. Archives of Polish Fisheries 18: 197-204. doi: 10.2478 / v10086-010-0023-y .
  • Danijela Popović, Miroslaw Szczepkowski, Tomasz Heese, Piotr Weglenski (2015): Introgression of peled (Coregonus peled) into European whitefish (C. lavaretus) in Poland. Conservation Genetics 17 (2): 502-508. doi: 10.1007 / s10592-015-0786-1 .

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