Chociwel

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chociwel
Coat of arms of Chociwel
Chociwel (Poland)
Chociwel
Chociwel
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : West Pomerania
Powiat : Stargard
Gmina : Chociwel
Area : 3.67  km²
Geographic location : 53 ° 28 '  N , 15 ° 21'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 28 '0 "  N , 15 ° 21' 0"  E
Residents : 3177
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 73-120
Telephone code : (+48) 91
License plate : ZST
Economy and Transport
Street : DK 20 Stargard ↔ Gdynia
Ext. 144 Nowogard ↔ Chociwel
Rail route : Stargard – Gdańsk
Next international airport : Szczecin
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 20 localities
11 school offices
Surface: 160.57 km²
Residents: 5874
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 37 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 3214023
Administration (as of 2017)
Mayor : Stanislaw Szymczak
Address:
ul.Armii Krajowej 52 73-120 Chociwel
Website : www.chociwel.pl



Chociwel ( German Freienwalde in Pomerania ) is a small town and seat of a town and country municipality in the powiat Stargardzki ( Stargard district in Pomerania ) in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

The city is located in Western Pomerania , between the Freienwalder See ( Jezioro Chociwe ), the Steinhöfeler See ( Jezioro Kamienny Most ) and the Karkower See ( Jezioro Karkowko ). The river Krampehl ( Krąpiel ) runs west of the village . The next larger city is Stargard ( Stargard in Pomerania ) on Fernstraße 20 (former German Reichsstraße 158 ) in 24 kilometers away. The city is on the Stargard Szczeciński – Gdańsk railway line .

Waters near Freienwalde

history

Freienwalde northeast of Stargard in Pomerania on a map from 1905
Marienkirche in Freienwalder (Protestant until 1945)

Remnants of a Slavic rampart have been found near the town , but it has been proven that the area was desolate until the middle of the 13th century . Around 1250 a new settlement was built with immigrants from the west. Under the name of Freienwalde, the brothers Wedego and Henning von Wedell awarded the town of Magdeburg town charter in 1338 .

At the beginning of the 15th century the property rights to Freienwalde were divided, the Bishop of Cammin and the Margrave of Brandenburg were each half the city lords. In 1603, Freienwalde became a Pomeranian fiefdom , but fell back to Brandenburg after the Pomeranian rulers died out. In the Thirty Years War , 95 percent of the former 760 inhabitants fell victim to the plague . The survivors withdrew to Poland but returned to their city after the war.

In 1756, Freienwalde in Western Pomerania is in the possession of the Lords of Wedel.

By 1780, Freienwalde had two city gates and 180 houses, two of which were in front of the city gates. In 1816, with the Prussian administrative reform , Freienwalde was incorporated into the Saatzig district. The livelihood was mainly covered by agriculture. It was only with the construction of the Chaussee to Stargard in 1843 and the establishment of the Stettin – Danzig railway line in 1859 that an economic upswing set in, through which Freienwalde developed into a regional craft and trading center. In 1941 the planned autobahn from Berlin to Königsberg reached the city, and construction stopped at its gates.

During the capture of Freienwald towards the end of the Second World War by Soviet troops in early 1945, the old town was destroyed with the exception of the Marienkirche. Like all of Western Pomerania , the city was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in the summer of 1945 in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The immigration of Polish and Ukrainian civilians from areas east of the Curzon Line began . The Polish place name Chociwel was introduced for Freienwalde . The German residents were evicted by the local Polish administrative authority until 1947 .

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1740 850
1782 872 including 34 Jews
1794 937 including 36 Jews
1812 1.008 including four Catholics and 39 Jews
1816 1.007 including two Catholics and 33 Jews
1831 1,321 including six Catholics and 46 Jews
1843 1,747 including nine Catholics and 58 Jews
1852 2,019 including four Catholics and 58 Jews
1861 2,200 including three Catholics and 57 Jews
1865 2,247 including 2,166 Protestants, 14 Catholics, three dissidents and 64 Jews
1867 2.211
1871 2,248 including 2,190 Evangelicals, four Catholics, five other Christians and 49 Jews (six non-Prussians)
1875 2,293
1880 2,384
1890 2,316 including 13 Catholics and 46 Jews
1925 2.986 including 2,846 Evangelicals, 47 Catholics and 42 Jews
1933 3,260
1939 3,411

church

Parish

Until 1945 the inhabitants of Freienwald were predominantly of the Protestant denomination. Two clergymen have officiated here since 1530, whereby the owner of the first pastor's position was also superintendent of the church district of Freienwalde. The church district belonged to the western district in the church province of Pomerania of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .

Two subsidiary churches belonged to the parish of Freienwalde: Karkow (now Polish: Karkowo) and Silbersdorf-Woltersdorf (Starzyce). The church patronage was incumbent on the estate owners of the von Wedel family, whose possessions were in the parish area. In 1940 the parish had 3,820 parishioners. The last German clergy before 1945 were Superintendent Hans Faiszt and Pastor Friedrich Nagel .

Mostly Catholic residents have lived in Chociwel since 1945 . The parish is now part of the Deanery Ińsko ( Nörenberg ) in the Archdiocese of Stettin-Cammin of the Catholic Church in Poland . Evangelical church members are looked after by the Stettin parish in the diocese of Wroclaw of the Evangelical Augsburg Church in Poland .

City Church

The Marienkirche from the beginning of the 15th century is a three-nave hall church made of brick with a star vault and has a single-nave choir. The church tower is decorated with blind arcades and tapers sharply towards the upper floor. It burned down in 1875 and was replaced in 1877.

Until 1945 the church was a Protestant church. She was then expropriated in favor of the Catholic Church and consecrated again to Mary, now especially the Mother of God of Sorrows .

Personalities: sons and daughters of the place

  • G. Adolf Arndt (1849–1926), German lawyer, professor in Königsberg
  • Albert Wendt (1851–1932), German senior teacher and promoter of toy manufacturing in the Saxon Ore Mountains
  • Hugo von Kathen (1855–1932), Prussian infantry general, most recently commander in chief of the 8th Army
  • John Menger (1876–1941), German administrative lawyer, district administrator
  • Paul Steinführ (1900–1983), German trade unionist, second chairman of the central board of the leather industry union in the FDGB
  • Ernst Retzlaff (1902–1934), German politician (NSDAP), mayor of the city of Neubrandenburg
  • Herbert Hoffmann (1919–2010), German tattoo artist and photographer
  • Siegfried Vergin (1933–2012), German politician (SPD), member of the German Bundestag

Gmina Chociwel

General

The urban and rural community of Chociwel covers an area of ​​160.57 km² and thus makes up 10.6% of the area of ​​the entire powiat Stargardzki ( Stargard district in Pomerania ). With 6,060 inhabitants it is exactly in the mean of the municipalities in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship , which until 1998 belonged to the Szczecin Voivodeship . The uniform postcode 73-120 applies in the municipality.

The north-eastern municipality belongs to the Iński Park Krajobrazowy Landscape Protection Park .

Neighboring communities are:

Community structure

In addition to the city that is the seat of Gmina, the urban and rural community of Chociwel includes eleven districts in a total of 22 locations:

  • Other locations :

traffic

Streets

Gmina Chociwel is located on the important and busy Polish national road (DK) 20 , which leads from Stargard ( Stargard in Pomerania ) via Szczecinek ( Neustettin ) and Miastko ( Rummelsburg ) to Gdynia ( Gdynia ). It follows a long section of the former German Reichsstrasse 158 , which began in Berlin and ended in Lauenburg in Pomerania (Lębork).

From the north - the former district town of Naugard, today's Nowogard - Voiwodschaftsstraße (DW) 144 enters the municipality and creates a link to Landesstraße 6 (former Reichsstraße 2 , today also Europastraße 28 ).

A third national road ends in the municipal area of ​​Chociwel. It is the district road 142 , which ends in the southwest of the municipality near Lisowo ( Vossberg ). Here it meets DK 20 coming from Autobahn 6 from the eastern outskirts of Szczecin. DW 142 is a section of the route of the planned Reichsautobahn Berlin – Königsberg , but construction of which was stopped here near Vossberg in 1941. After 1945 a connection to DK 20 was established.

rails

Since 1859 there has been a connection in Chociwel to the former railway line from Berlin via Danzig to Königsberg (Prussia) , today's PKP line 202 from Stargard ( Stargard in Pomerania ) to Danzig. This line was electrified in the 1980s.

The Stargard railway in Pomerania (Stargard) - Daber (Dobra), which was opened in 1895 and previously operated by the Saatziger Kleinbahnen , was shut down in 2001 by the Polish State Railways. It had a train station in the district of Kannenberg (Karnia) of today's Gmina.

literature

  • Paul Schulz (ed.): The Saatzig district and the independent city of Stargard - A Pomeranian homeland book . Rautenberg, Leer 1984, ISBN 3-7921-0307-9 .
  • Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - an outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1865, pp. 141–144 ( full text ).
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Second part, fourth volume, Anklam 1868, pp. 343-365 ( full text ).
  • Johannes Hinz : Pomerania. Signpost through an unforgettable country. Flechsig-Buchvertrieb, Würzburg 2002, ISBN 3-88189-439-X , p. 107 f.
  • Ms. Karow: Freienwalde in Pomerania during the Thirty Years' War . In: Baltic Studies . Volume 4, Issue 2, Stettin 1837, pp. 8-17 ( Online, Google ).

Web links

Wikisource: Freyenwalde in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann (Ed.): Detailed description of the current state of the Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Part II, Volume 1, Stettin 1784, pp. 220-223 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Gustav Kratz : The cities of the province of Pomerania - outline of their history, mostly according to documents . Berlin 1865, pp. 143-144.
  4. ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Second part, fourth volume, Anklam 1868, pp. 343-365, especially p. 349.
  5. ↑ a b Royal Prussian Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Pomerania and their population . Berlin 1874, pp. 44–45, No. 1.
  6. ^ A b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. saatzig.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  7. ^ The city of Freienwalde i. Pom. in the former Saatzig district in Pomerania (Gunthard Stübs and Pomeranian Research Association)