Płońsk
| Płońsk | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Mazovia | ||
| Powiat : | Płońsk | ||
| Area : | 11.60 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 52 ° 38 ′ N , 20 ° 22 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 22,130 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 09-100 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 23 | ||
| License plate : | WPN | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | E 77 Warsaw - Gdansk | ||
| Next international airport : | Warsaw | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Borough | ||
| Residents: | 22,130 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Community number ( GUS ): | 1420011 | ||
| Administration (as of 2007) | |||
| Mayor : | Andrzej Pietrasik | ||
| Address: | ul.Płocka 39 09-100 Płońsk |
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| Website : | www.plonsk.pl | ||
Płońsk (1941 to 1945 German Plöhn ) is a city in Poland in the Masovian Voivodeship about 60 km northwest of Warsaw on the Płonka .
history
In 1155, Płońsk was first mentioned as a settlement with privileges granted by the Mazovian prince Bolesław Kędzierzawy . Between 1348 and 1399, Płońsk was under the administration of the Teutonic Order under the name of Plhnen .
The city charter was obtained in 1400 by the Mazovian prince Siemowit IV . In 1417 the foundation stone for a church and a monastery was laid by Siemowit IV and his wife Aleksandra, a sister of Władysław II Jagiełło . This was followed by the settlement of shod Carmelites . The first Jews settled in Płońsk in 1446. In 1495 it was incorporated into the Polish state. King Zygmunt I confirmed the town charter as well as the coat of arms and seal of Płońsk in 1527 and in 1545 granted the citizens the privilege of levying bridge tolls. Stefan Batory confirmed these rights and privileges in 1573. In 1612 the city obtained the right to have a second market. In 1670, Michał Wiśniowiecki granted the town a privilege that allowed Jews to build houses, synagogues and brew beer . The first synagogue was built.
The rights and privileges of the city were subsequently granted by Jan III. Sobieski (1677), King August II (1720), King August III. (1749) and King Stanisław II August Poniatowski (1767) confirmed.
In 1789 Wojciech Majorkiewicz and Bonawentura Kierzkiewicz took part in the so-called Black Procession as ambassadors for the city of Płońsk .
Płońsk came under Prussian administration in 1795 after the third partition of Poland . The city became part of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807 and part of the Kingdom of Poland in 1815 .
In 1826 there was a fire in the market square.
From 1865 to 1866 Henryk Sienkiewicz was employed as a private tutor for the Weyher family in Płońsk .
In 1867 Płońsk became a district town.
Jews in Płońsk
With the invitation of Jewish citizens by the nobility in the 15th century, a local Jewish community was established that has contributed greatly to the local economy. A pogrom against the Jewish population took place in the second half of the 17th century. Towards the end of the 19th century, an association of the pre-Zionist organization Agudat Esra was founded, whose 120 members decided to speak only Hebrew. One of the members was David Grün, later David Ben Gurion , the first Prime Minister of Israel .
According to the city's 1908 census, Płońsk had 11,603 inhabitants, 7,551 of whom were Jews (65%).
After the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II , all Jewish citizens were locked in a ghetto and murdered in the Treblinka and Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camps in 1942 . The Płońsk Synagogue, three Jewish schools and the Jewish cemetery fell into disrepair after the war during the People's Republic of Poland .
With the collapse of the Eastern bloc and the renewal of diplomatic relations between Poland and Israel, the historical importance of the city as the birthplace of David Ben Gurion was highlighted on a Polish initiative. The property on which the Grün family's house stood was provided with explanatory signs and a partnership between the city of Płońsk and the Israeli district of Ramat Hanegev was established. In 2004, on the initiative of the Płońsk Mayor, it was decided to build a Ben Gurion Museum in the city.
Twin cities
- Ramat Negev (Israel)
- Winschoten (Netherlands)
- Čakovec (Croatia)
- Crepy en Valois (France)
- Šalčininkai (Lithuania)
- Bakhchysarai (Ukraine)
- Volgograd (Russia)
sons and daughters of the town
- Anzia Yezierska (1880–1970), Jewish writer
- David Ben Gurion (1886–1973), first Israeli Prime Minister
- Mendel Mann (1916–1975), Jewish writer, journalist and painter
- Rupert Wittek (1942–2017), German lawyer and former judge at the Federal Labor Court
- Jadwiga Zakrzewska (* 1950), politician of the Platforma Obywatelska , member of the Sejm from 1997 to 2001 and since 2005
- Joanna Mucha (* 1976), politician ( PO ), Minister for Sport and Tourism
literature
- Płonsk , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , pp. 600-602
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Dzieje Miasta Płońska, red. Aleksander Kościszewski, Zakład Naukowy MOBN, Ciechanów 1938, p. 19 ff.
- ↑ External link: City of Płońsk (Polish)
- ↑ Dzieje Miasta Płońska, red. Aleksander Kościszewski, Zakład Naukowy MOBN, Ciechanów 1938, p. 34 ff.
- ↑ External link: City of Płońsk website (in Polish)
- ↑ Płońsk - wizytówki przeszłości, Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. H. Sienkiewicza w Płońsku, Zespół humanistycznej klasy autorskiej, Krzysztof Karulak. P. 110 ff.
- ↑ Płońsk i ziemia płońska w XIX i XX w. red. Adam Koseski i Janusz Szczepański, Płońsk 1998, ISBN 83-910757-0-2 . P. 24 ff