Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Friedrich von Drais von Sauerbronn

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Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Friedrich von Drais Freiherr von Sauerbronn

Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Friedrich von Drais Freiherr von Sauerbronn (born September 23, 1755 in Ansbach ; † February 2, 1830 in Mannheim ) was a grand-ducal, Baden secret councilor and court judge . In 1806, Grand Duke Karl Friedrich commissioned him as court commissioner to incorporate the Breisgau into the Grand Duchy of Baden . He is the father of Karl Drais , the inventor of the two-wheeler .

Life

origin

The Drais von Sauerbronn family went back to a noble family from Lorraine. Since the beginning of the 18th century it served the margraviate of Baden and the principality of Ansbach . Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Friedrich von Drais Freiherr von Sauerbronn entered service in the margrave of Baden in 1777. In 1784 he married the Baroness Ernestine Christine von Kaltenthal . Her son Karl saw the light of day on April 29, 1785 and became far more famous than his father as the inventor of the two-wheeler as a walking machine .

Obervogt in Kirchberg (Hunsrück)

After epileptic seizures by his court councilor, who was overburdened with special business, his employer, Margrave Karl Friedrich , moved him to Kirchberg in 1790 , the regional center of the Baden County of Sponheim in the Hunsrück. Drais finally succeeded in self-healing through diet and other measures, which he described in 1798 in his detailed medical report published in two volumes in a Swiss publisher under the pseudonym Dietophilus. Because of the advancing French revolutionary troops, Drais had to sell the fields he had acquired in 1794 and flee briefly to Winningen . In the peace treaty of Basel , Baden lost its areas on the left bank of the Rhine, and Drais returned to Durlach, released on half his pay. For the duration of the Rastatt Congress from 1797–99, Karl Friedrich appointed Drais as police director and then reinstated him in Karlsruhe. In 1799 he became a secret councilor and director of the police in the residence, in 1803 president of the electoral court court of the margraviate, in 1806 a real secret councilor, first class.

Badischer Collection Commissioner

After the devastating defeat in the Third Coalition War near Austerlitz, Napoleon amputated the new Austrian Empire of Franz I considerably in the Peace of Pressburg in 1805 . The Upper Austrian regions on the Upper Rhine came to Baden, which had advanced to become a Grand Duchy. In Karlsruhe they knew about the attachment of the Breisgauer to the Habsburg ruling house and were aware of the delicate task of uniting the Catholic South with the Protestant North. At the beginning of 1806 Freiburg was occupied by French troops under General Monard, but the president of the Archducal government of Upper Austria, Hermann von Greiffenegg , still resided there . The Elector and Grand Duke Karl Friedrich sent one of his best people, the Protestants and former Rastatt police chief and real secret council seated at the Chamber and Court Commissioner Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Friedrich von Drais Freiherr von Sauerbronn, to this delicate environment.

On April 15, 1806, General Monard handed over the Breisgau to Court Commissioner von Drais von Sauerbronn in a solemn ceremony in the Freiburg Minster . In his speech he praised the new ruler of Baden and his sponsor: “The founder of this possible greater happiness is the hero of the age, Napoleon, and as the first founder of the execution, God still kept the Elector Karl Friedrich for us - the sovereign and honest man who has been since Ruled for 60 years with virtuous moderation and philanthropic orders. "

The new Baden rule quickly took over the Breisgau and its capital. Freiburg then sent a deputation to Karlsruhe with requests for the preservation of old rights and made the "voluntary offer to grant one of the local churches for Protestant services." Politically clever, von Drais von Sauerbronn advocated the Freiburg requests in Karlsruhe and reached under among other things the very important continuation of the Catholic University, which made him an honorary doctorate. He personally took care of the establishment of a Protestant parish church along with the parish and school building. After much hesitation, von Drais von Sauerbronn's preferred candidate, Johann Peter Hebel, turned down the pastor's position, which the 27-year-old physicist! Gustav Friedrich Wucherer dressed.

Foundation of the Freiburg Reading Society

As early as the autumn of 1806, von Drais suggested founding a reading society in Freiburg , a place of the muses, which later became the museum society . He became its first president and explained the establishment: "A noble need of the spirit - a reading society - has long been the wish of many educated people in Freyburg and I have been induced from several sides to contribute to the realization from the new year ..." Von Drais concluded his address on the occasion of the foundation of the Freiburg Reading Society on January 4, 1807 with the words: “If we now add urban joys of conviviality to the beautiful, fertile nature of this country - is it recklessness and misfortunes? No! It is sensible enjoyment of our happiness. ” The members of the society included intellectual and political leading personalities of Freiburg such as the councilor and court judge Freiherr Konrad von Andlaw, the city director Freiherr Karl von Baden, the doctor Alexander Ecker , the publisher Bartholomä Herder , the classical philologist and Theologian Johann Leonhard Hug , the poet Johann Georg Jacobi , the historian Karl von Rotteck and the Hofrat and Professor Johann Kaspar Ruef. Among the founders were members of both denominations, so it can be assumed that von Drais von Sauerbronn understood the reading society as a means of marrying the predominantly Protestant north of Baden with the largely Catholic south, as Jacobi put it .

Final transition of the Breisgau to Baden

During the Napoleonic period, Freiburg was established with the new rule of Baden, but after the liberation from the French yoke in the Restoration in 1813, the attachment of the Austrian foothills to the Habsburg ruling house broke out again. The majority of the population hoped that the emperor would pull the Breisgau back to himself . However, as early as 1806 von Drais had evoked the Zähringer descent of the Baden ruling house and issued the following terminology: “Here politics has reunited what was already happily connected in earlier times under Etikoen and Bertholden . Indeed, it is a friendly historical hint that this beautiful country, under all the changes and storms of time, has remained inseparable from its oldest regent tribe. After the dukes of Zähringen had died out, it was later ruled by their descendants, the Margraves of Hochberg, from the Austrian ore house, which also comes from Etiko, and now falls back to the grandchildren of the Zähringen . " The Congress of Vienna decided in in this sense. This did not end the discussion about the affiliation of the Breisgau and von Drais took an active part in the journalistic dispute with a text: About the possession of the Baden Rhine Palatinate and the Breisgau .

Chief judge in Bruchsal and Mannheim and death

As early as 1808, von Drais left Freiburg when he was appointed chief judge at the highest court in Baden in Bruchsal. With the relocation of the Oberhofgericht to Mannheim in 1810, Drais also moved to the city of squares. In the same year he was appointed Grand Cross of the House Order of Loyalty . But his past did not let him go and so in Karlsruhe in 1818 he published “a hard-working, thorough and luminous work” in two volumes: History of the government and education of Baden under Karl Friedrich. In 1827 he received the honorary citizenship of the cities of Mannheim and Durlach . In 1830 von Drais died in Mannheim. His reburial in the new Mannheim cemetery did not take place in 1869 at the instigation of supporters of the Kotzebue murderer Karl Ludwig Sand because of his involvement in his conviction and execution in 1820. The old Lutheran cemetery has been overbuilt since then.

Works

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Drais, History of the Government and Education of Baden (see works below), Vol. 1, Supplements, No. 6, p. 72.
  2. ↑ Diætophilus .: Physical and psychological story of a siebenjæhrigen epilepsy. In addition to attached articles on physical and mental dietetics for the nervous. First half (= I). Pure history in chronological order. Orell, Füssli and Companie, Zurich 1798.
  3. ↑ Diætophilus. Physical and psychological history of seven year epilepsy. In addition to attached articles on physical and mental dietetics for the nervous. Second half (= II). Judicial analysis and addition of the facts: Physical and psychological history of seven-year epilepsy. In addition to attached articles on physical and mental dietetics for the nervous. Second half (= II). Judging analysis and addition of the facts. Orell, Füssli and Companie, Zurich 1798.
  4. ^ Sauder G .: Nosce te ipsum! Diaetophilus ʼ Sick diary and history of the self-healing of seven-year-old epilepsy (Carl Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig Freiherr von Drais von Sauerbronn). In: von Engelhardt D, Schneble H, Wolf P. (eds.): "This is an old disease". Epilepsy in the literature. With a compilation of literary sources and a bibliography of research contributions. Schattauer, Stuttgart - New York 2000, pp. 237-250 .

literature

  • Friedrich von Weech:  Drais, Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Friedrich, Freiherr von Sauerbronn . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, p. 372 f.
  • Hans-Erhard Lessing : Delphine Ladenburg, Karl Gutzkow and the Draisens. A Mannheim incident with consequences . In: Mannheimer Geschichtsblätter 15, 2008, ISSN  0948-2784 , pp. 6-21.
  • Christian Würtz: Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Friedrich Freiherr Drais von Sauerbronn . In: Life pictures from Baden-Württemberg . Volume 21, 2005, ISSN  0948-0374 , pp. 59ff., (There catalog of works).
  • NN: CWFL Freiherr von Drais. Grand Ducal Badenscher Privy Councilor and Chief Court Judge, of the Order of Loyalty Groskreuz. A biographical sketch based on his diary and memories from many years of interaction . Kaufmann's printing works, Mannheim 1841, (private publisher for his friends).

Web links

Wikisource: Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Friedrich von Drais von Sauerbronn  - Sources and full texts
personal data
SURNAME Drais von Sauerbronn, Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Friedrich von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Drais Freiherr von Sauerbronn, Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Friedrich von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Baden grand ducal secret council, chief judge, court commissioner
DATE OF BIRTH September 23, 1755
PLACE OF BIRTH Ansbach
DATE OF DEATH February 2, 1830
Place of death Mannheim