House Order of Loyalty

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The House Order of Loyalty is the House Order of Baden and was originally donated by Margrave Karl Wilhelm von Baden-Durlach as a reward for services and on the occasion of the laying of the foundation stone of his future residence in Karlsruhe on June 17, 1715. The order was named after the custom with a French name and was called "Ordre de la Fidélité". It was later renamed the "Order of Loyalty". The motto of the order Fidelitas is part of the Karlsruhe city arms .

Grand Cross until 1803
Breast star for the Grand Cross until 1803
Grand Cross, (II. Model)
Breast star for the Grand Cross (II. Model)
Hereditary Grand Duke Friedrich von Baden with a star of the order
Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben (1730–1794) wore the medal

history

The foundation of the order on the building site of the Karlsruhe Palace took place before the foundation stone of the palace tower was laid and on the same day, which is also considered the founding date of the city of Karlsruhe. In the early years of the city until around 1732, the radial streets of the city starting from the castle were named after the knights of the order. This was done at the suggestion of the Knight of the Foundation and Karlsruhe Upper Bailiff Johann Christian von Günzer , who also proposed a city coat of arms with the lettering Fidelitas .

With the elevation of the electoral dignity on May 8, 1803, Margrave Karl Friedrich von Baden added a commanding class to the order . After the creation of the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1806, it was a high order of the state. From 1814, however, the award was again in one class. From January 17, 1840 this was established as the highest order of Baden and called it "House Order of Loyalty". With the statutes of June 17, 1840, this class was repealed and it was determined that the order could only be awarded to the princes of the house, foreign sovereigns and highest public servants with the predicate " Excellence ". In 1902 the Princesses Cross was finally donated, although it was reserved for the princesses born and married in the margravial house.

After the abolition of the monarchy in Germany, the order continues to be awarded as the house order of the margravial house .

Order classes

The order had three classes:

Order decoration

The decoration of the order consists of an eight-pointed red enameled gold-rimmed St. John's Cross with small golden balls at the tips. The golden initials C of the founder are placed in the cross angles . A floating golden crown over the upper cross arm is provided with the carrying ring. The round center shield is framed in gold and enamelled in white. The initials in gold and the order's motto FIDELITAS are over three green mountains . The back of the golden central shield shows the coat of arms of Baden and a red sloping bar .

Ribbon and way of wearing

The ribbon is orange and has a silver stripe on both sides.

The medal is worn as a sash over the right shoulder to the left hip. On the left side of the chest was the place for the additional star of the order. This is made of silver and has eight rays. On the front is an orange medallion. However, four gold double Cs are placed on the silver rays.

Award practice

With the award of the House Order of Loyalty to foreign sovereigns, members of ruling houses, princes and princes, the simultaneous award of the Grand Cross of the Order of the Zähringer Lion was connected until 1877 . From 1877 on, the Grand Cross of the Order of Berthold the First was awarded instead .

Award numbers

Until the end of the monarchy in Germany, the following award numbers can be documented without the members of the grand ducal house.

execution Awards
Order in diamonds with the golden chain 2
Order in diamonds 4th
Star in diamonds 4th
Grand Cross 414
Commander with a star 18th
commander 6th
Princess decoration 8th

The following people received the medal in diamonds:

Award year receiver execution
1815 Prince Klemens von Metternich Breast star in diamonds
1818 Wilhelm Ludwig von Berstett Order cross in diamonds
1863 Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov Order cross in diamonds
1863 Vladimir Fyodorowitsch Adlerberg Order cross in diamonds
1871 Otto von Bismarck Order cross in diamonds on the golden chain
1896 Adolf von Holzing-Berstett Breast star in diamonds
1902 Adolf von Holzing-Berstett Order cross in diamonds on the golden chain
1902 Wilhelm Pleikard Ludwig von Gemmingen Breast star in diamonds
1902 Wilhelm August von Edelsheim Breast star in diamonds
1907 Max von Bock and Polach Breast star in diamonds

After the death of an owner, the insignia had to be returned.

literature

  • Lars Adler : The religious foundations of the Margraves of Baden 1584–1803: noble corporations in the mirror of princely state politics. (“Phalerist Monographs”, Volume 5), with a foreword by Bernhard Prince von Baden . Constance 2008, ISBN 3-937064-07-9 .
  • Lars Adler: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben as a knight of the Margravial Baden Order of Loyalty: the case of an order membership obtained through aristocratic presumption in the 18th century. In: Herold-Jahrbuch des Herold, Association for Heraldry, Genealogy and Related Sciences . NF, Volume 11 (2006). ISBN 3-7686-3081-1 , ISBN 978-3-7686-3081-8 , pp. 9-32.
  • Lars Adler: medal cup and temperanti cup. Glass set of the Baden Order of Fidelity. In: Orders and Medals. Ed .: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ordenskunde e. V. 10th year (2008), issue No. 54, April 2008, pp. 74-80.
  • Lars Adler: The Knights of Fidelity in the historical memory of the fan-shaped city. City foundation and order foundation . In: Blick in die Geschichte (Karlsruhe urban history contributions; Vol. 5, 2008–2013). Karlsruhe 2013. pp. 150–154.
  • Lars Adler: The Fidelitas Order. Noble fidelity and urban memory. In: Karl Wilhelm 1679–1738. Catalog for the major state exhibition in Baden-Württemberg from May 9 to October 18, 2015, published by the Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe, Munich 2015, pp. 159–165.
  • Maximilian Gritzner : Handbook of the knight and merit orders of all civilized states in the world. Leipzig 1893, ISBN 3-8262-0705-X .
  • Arnhard Graf Klenau: Order in Germany and Austria. Volume II, Graf Klenau Verlag, Offenbach 2008, ISBN 3-937064-13-3 .
  • Moritz Ruhl: The orders, coats of arms and flags of all regents and states. Leipzig 1884, reprint: Offenbach am Main 1998, ISBN 3-932543-73-4 .
  • Court and State Handbook of the Grand Duchy of Baden. 1841 statutes and list of medal holders in the google book search

Web links

Commons : House Order of Loyalty  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lars Adler: The Fidelity Knights in the historical memory of the fan-shaped city . In: A look into the history , No. 93, December 23, 2011: City foundation and order foundation
  2. ^ Arnhard Graf Klenau: Order in Germany and Austria. Volume II: German States (1806–1918). Part 1, Graf Klenau Verlag, Offenbach 2008, ISBN 3-937064-13-3 , p. 30.
  3. ^ Arnhard Graf Klenau: Order in Germany and Austria. Volume II: German States (1806–1918). Part 1, Graf Klenau Verlag, Offenbach 2008, ISBN 3-937064-13-3 , p. 32.