House Order

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As House Order is called the religious ruling (or formerly reigning) houses of nobility , originally for the sovereign were donated, his family and his friends or court officials. Over time, some of these orders took on the character of military or civil merit orders , others were reserved for members of the royal houses and their dynastic relatives or close and “deserving” supporters. House orders were also donated in the 19th century; There was never a clear demarcation from the Order of Merit. The Oldenburg House and Merit Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig already indicates a dual function in the name.

In modern constitutional monarchies , such as the Netherlands or Great Britain, the monarchs are personally responsible for the awards of house orders, not the governments (as is the case with orders of merit). In the former ruling houses, the heads of the families are still the "grandmasters" of the house orders.

Characteristics

The characteristic features of house orders include the acquisition of the house order by the princes (and occasionally also princesses) of the dynasty by birth or as a result of being awarded on the 18th or 21st birthday, sometimes also the limitation of the number of other knights . Ordinarily, the medal winners came (or come) together on a certain day for the annual feast of the order, which often consists of going to church in regalia as well as a meeting and a feast.

To mention just a few of the most famous: The Order of the Garter has been the highest house order of the English crown since 1348, the Order of the Golden Fleece , donated by the Burgundian dukes in 1430, was taken over by their heirs, the Habsburgs in Austria and Spain, and is still held by their successors, the Spanish Bourbon kings and the respective chief of the ore house of Habsburg-Lorraine. The Danish Elephant Order goes back to 1462. The Prussian Black Eagle Order was founded in 1701. The House Knight Order of St. George is awarded to this day by the head of the House of Wittelsbach , who even bestows his own order only on ladies, the Order of Theresa .

In 1936, Adolf Hitler banned the awarding of German dynastic medals. After 1949, the awards were resumed by many of the former German royal, ducal and princely houses due to the principle of general freedom of action of the Basic Law.

There are the following house orders of European dynasties:

Germany

Albania

Brazil (House Orléans and Bragança)

Bulgaria

Denmark

France

(1st and 2nd Kingdom):

(1st Empire):

Georgia

Greece (Kingdom)

Great Britain

Italy

Monaco

Montenegro

Netherlands

Austria-Hungary (Habsburg)

Portugal

Rwanda

Romania (Kingdom)

Russia (Tsarism)

Sweden

Serbia

Sicily (House Bourbon)

Spain

Spanish crown:

Other:

Individual evidence

  1. Not unlike, say, shooting clubs have the natural right to lend shooting chains.

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