House Order
As House Order is called the religious ruling (or formerly reigning) houses of nobility , originally for the sovereign were donated, his family and his friends or court officials. Over time, some of these orders took on the character of military or civil merit orders , others were reserved for members of the royal houses and their dynastic relatives or close and “deserving” supporters. House orders were also donated in the 19th century; There was never a clear demarcation from the Order of Merit. The Oldenburg House and Merit Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig already indicates a dual function in the name.
In modern constitutional monarchies , such as the Netherlands or Great Britain, the monarchs are personally responsible for the awards of house orders, not the governments (as is the case with orders of merit). In the former ruling houses, the heads of the families are still the "grandmasters" of the house orders.
Characteristics
The characteristic features of house orders include the acquisition of the house order by the princes (and occasionally also princesses) of the dynasty by birth or as a result of being awarded on the 18th or 21st birthday, sometimes also the limitation of the number of other knights . Ordinarily, the medal winners came (or come) together on a certain day for the annual feast of the order, which often consists of going to church in regalia as well as a meeting and a feast.
To mention just a few of the most famous: The Order of the Garter has been the highest house order of the English crown since 1348, the Order of the Golden Fleece , donated by the Burgundian dukes in 1430, was taken over by their heirs, the Habsburgs in Austria and Spain, and is still held by their successors, the Spanish Bourbon kings and the respective chief of the ore house of Habsburg-Lorraine. The Danish Elephant Order goes back to 1462. The Prussian Black Eagle Order was founded in 1701. The House Knight Order of St. George is awarded to this day by the head of the House of Wittelsbach , who even bestows his own order only on ladies, the Order of Theresa .
In 1936, Adolf Hitler banned the awarding of German dynastic medals. After 1949, the awards were resumed by many of the former German royal, ducal and princely houses due to the principle of general freedom of action of the Basic Law.
There are the following house orders of European dynasties:
Order of the Garter (donated 1348)
Order of the Golden Fleece (donated 1430)
Elephant Order (donated 1462)
Black Eagle Order (founded 1701)
House Knights Order of St. George (renewed 1729)
Germany
- Stop
- to bathe
- Bavaria
- Brandenburg-Bayreuth
- Braunschweig
- Hanover
- Hessen-Darmstadt and Hessen-Kassel
- Isenburg-Birstein
- Hohenlohe
- Hohenzollern
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin and -Strelitz
- Oldenburg
- Palatinate
- Prussia
- Reuss (both lines)
- Saxony - Kingdom
- Saxe-Weimar
- Saxony-Altenburg
- Saxony-Hildburghausen
- Saxon duchies together
- Schaumburg-Lippe
- Silesia ( Liegnitz )
-
Silesia ( Oels )
- Duke of Württemberg-Oelssischer Ritterorden from the skull
- Schleswig-Holstein
- Schwarzburg (both lines)
- Thurn and Taxis
- Württemberg
Albania
Brazil (House Orléans and Bragança)
Bulgaria
Denmark
France
(1st and 2nd Kingdom):
(1st Empire):
Georgia
Greece (Kingdom)
Great Britain
Italy
Monaco
Montenegro
Netherlands
- Nassau House Order of the Golden Lion
- House Order of Orange
- Order of the Crown (part of the House Order)
- Order of Loyalty and Merit (part of the House Order)
- Order of the Golden Ark
Austria-Hungary (Habsburg)
- Braids
- Order of the Golden Fleece
- Order of St. George
- Star Cross Order
- Military Order of Maria Theresa
- Royal Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen
- Austrian-Imperial Leopold Order
- Order of the Iron Crown
- Franz Joseph Order
- Elisabeth Order
Portugal
- Order of the Wing of St. Michael
- Order of Our Lady
- Order of Saint Isabella
- Order of Merit of the Portuguese Royal Family (donated in 1993)
Rwanda
- Royal Order of the Drum of Rwanda
- Royal Order of the Crown of Rwanda
- Royal Order of the decorated crane (Order of the Crested Crane)
Romania (Kingdom)
Russia (Tsarism)
- Order of St. Andrew the First Called
- Order of Saint Catherine
- Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky
- Order of the White Eagle (already before and to this day the highest order in Poland)
- Order of Saint George
- Order of Saint Vladimir
- Order of Saint Anne
- Order of Saint Stanislaus
- Order of Saint Olga
- Order of Saint Nicholas (founded in exile 1929)
- Order of the Archangel Michael (founded in 1988)
- Order of the Lady of Saint Anastasia (founded in 2010)
Sweden
Serbia
Sicily (House Bourbon)
Spain
Spanish crown:
Other:
Individual evidence
Web links
- Article about house orders on the website of the German Historical Museum
- Page about the house order of Lippe-Detmold