Knight Order of St. Mauritius and Lazarus

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Commander's Cross

The order of St. Mauritius and Lazarus (Italian: Ordine dei SS. Maurizio e Lazzaro ) was created in the 15th century as an order of merit for the Counts of Savoy. He probably goes to the militia of St. Peter appointed by Duke Amadeus VIII . Mauritius, which was based in the castle of Ripaille . Saint Mauritius has been the patron saint of the Savoy since the high Middle Ages , while Lazarus was, among other things, the advocate of the hospital system. Until the abolition of the monarchy in Italy (1946), the order was the second highest merit decoration in the country after the Order of Annunciations .

Order classes

The order was originally donated in three classes and later expanded to five:

The medal
From 1855 to June 2, 1946
Cavaliere SSML BAR.svg
Knight
Ufficiale SSML Regno BAR.svg
officer
Commendatore SSML Regno BAR.svg
Commander
Grande ufficiale SSML Regno BAR.svg
Grand Officer
Cavaliere di gran Croce Regno SSML BAR.svg
Grand Cross
From June 2, 1946 to March 3, 1951 (Republic of Italy).
From March 3, 1951 House Order of Savoy.
Cavaliere SSML BAR.svg
Knight
Ufficiale SSML BAR.svg
officer
Commendatore SSML BAR.svg
Commander
Grande ufficiale SSML BAR.svg
Grand Officer
Cavaliere di gran Croce SSML BAR.svg
Grand Cross

Order decoration

The order decoration is a white enamelled gold-framed clover-leaf cross . In the corners of the cross there is a green enamelled Maltese cross with a golden border and golden spherical tips. The four highest classes are topped with a golden royal crown.

Carrying method

Wearing method of the order (from left to right) V. to I. class
Cardinal Luigi Bottiglia Savoulx († 1836) as the bearer of the Grand Cross and Star

The ribbon is solid green. Grand cruisers wear the medal over their right shoulder to their left hip as a sash . Grand officers and commanders put it on as a neck medal . Officers and knights decorate it in the buttonhole, while the officers decorate it with a rosette from the ribbon.

The two top classes also wear a silver breast star on the left breast. The Grand Cross has eight, and the Grand Officer's four. On the star is again the sign of the order.

history

The organization, which also includes the bearers of the Order of Merit of Savoy , now consists of around 3,000 members in several countries in Europe and America. Members of the Savoy family always officiated as Grand Masters . The new knights are accepted at the annual general meeting in Hautecombe in Savoy .

In 1951 the order of knights was recognized by the Italian state as a non-profit organization . The public tasks performed by the order mainly consist of the services of the special hospital organization it has appointed.

The order still owns the historic Romanesque church of Sant'Antonio di Ranverso at the entrance to the Susa Valley .

In 1434 from was Amadeus VIII. , Duke of Savoy, the Order donated. It is named after the patron saint of the country and has become known as the Order of St. Mauritius. Soon forgotten, he was renewed as Duke of Savoy by Emanuel Philibert in 1572. It was supposed to be a protective shield against the Reformation. Pope Gregory XIII blessed the order on September 19, 1572. At his request, the Order of Lazarus , which had previously been canceled in Italy, was activated, which had originally cared for lepers and was united with the order of knights of St. Mauritius. Since then, the order has been called the Order of St Mauritius and Lazarus . At the time of its founding, four quarters (100%) of the members had to be noble and have belonged to a monastery for at least five years.

Changes were made by King Victor Emmanuel I on September 27, 1816 and later by King Karl Albert on October 9, 1831 and May 19, 1837. King Victor Emanuel II decreed another change on December 14, 1855.

literature

Web links

Commons : Order of the Knights of St. Mauritius and Lazarus  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files