Victor Emmanuel I.

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Victor Emmanuel I.

Victor Emanuel I (born July 24, 1759 in Turin , † January 10, 1824 in Moncalieri ) was King of Sardinia and Duke of Savoy .

Life

Victor Emanuel I was the third son of King Victor Amadeus III. and his wife Maria Antonia of Spain . After his birth he received the title of Duke of Aosta and grew up in a very religious, almost ascetic milieu; his tutors were Papacino d'Antonio and Hyacinthe Sigismond Gerdil , who later became a cardinal .

He took part as commander in chief in the First Coalition War (1792–1797) against France . In 1802 he succeeded his older brother Karl Emanuel IV on the throne of Sardinia after he had abdicated. At that time, the kingdom only extended to the island of Sardinia , while the areas on the mainland were occupied by France. In 1806 he moved his residence to Cagliari and lived there more or less in exile .

After the fall of Napoleon in 1814, Viktor Emanuel got Piedmont and Savoy back, and after the Congress of Vienna in 1815 he also got the former Republic of Genoa . After the death of his brother in 1819 he became Duke of Savoy.

Victor Emanuel I married Maria Theresa of Austria-Este in Turin on April 21, 1789 and had children with her:

Viktor Emanuel was a reactionary ruler who was unpopular with the people. After an uprising by the Carbonari secret society , he abdicated as King of Sardinia on March 13, 1821 in favor of his brother Karl Felix (but remained Duke of Savoy until his death). Because he was not present, he first appointed his liberal nephew Karl Albert as regent , who immediately initiated measures to liberalize the situation and passed a new constitution. A few days later, however, Karl Felix arrived with an Austrian army. He reversed the actions of Karl Albert and sent him to Spain . Nevertheless, Karl Albert became his successor in 1831.

Viktor Emanuel was a descendant of the Stuarts in the female line. He was therefore regarded by the Jacobites as the holder of the British throne after the death of his brother Karl Emanuel and referred to by them as Victor I , King of England , Scotland , Ireland and France. Viktor Emanuel never publicly claimed this title. His nominal position as heir to the House of Stuart passed to his eldest daughter, Maria Beatrix of Savoy ( Mary II ).

Special

The daughter Maria Christina of Savoy (1812–1836) is religiously venerated in the Catholic Church. On July 10, 1859, their Pope Pius IX spoke . the heroic degree of virtue and it has been allowed to be called " worthy of reverence " ever since . On May 2, 2013, Pope Francis recognized a miracle worked by Maria Christina, and on January 25, 2014 she was beatified .

Web links

Commons : Viktor Emanuel I.  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael J. Walsh: Cardinals , Canterbury Press Norwich, 2009, p. 48; Excerpt from the source
  2. ↑ From Throne to Altar : Report of May 3, 2013 on the recognition of the miracles of several beatification candidates by Pope Francis
  3. ^ Britta Dörre: Beatification of Maria Christina of Savoy (1812-1844). In the Basilica of Santa Chiara in Naples on January 25, 2014. In: zenit.org of January 24, 2014.
predecessor Office successor
Charles Emanuel IV King of Sardinia
1802–1821 		Karl Felix I.
Charles Emanuel IV Duke of Savoy
1819–1824 		Karl Felix I.
Charles Emanuel IV Victor I., Jacobite heir
1819–1824 		Mary ii
personal data
SURNAME Victor Emmanuel I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Vittorio Emanuele I (Italian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Sardinia and Duke of Savoy
DATE OF BIRTH July 24, 1759
PLACE OF BIRTH Turin
DATE OF DEATH January 10, 1824
Place of death Moncalieri