Wenden (Livonian noble family)

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Coat of arms of those from Wenden to Klingspor (1882)

Wenden is a native Brunswick family that was able to spread early to the Diocese of Halberstadt and Brandenburg and last flourished in Hanover and Livonia . Sex is in the 19th century extinguished .

There is no kinship to the same Pomeranian noble family of Wenden , which in the 1699 Empire nobility ennobled was.

history

Early representatives of the sex also operated under the name of Dahlum after the Brunswick town of Dahlum . Later the family named itself after the place Wenden near Braunschweig and was one of the followers of the Guelphs . Numerous relatives are mentioned in a document in this context. This is also the case with Ludolf von Wenden, who as Ministerial Heinrich the Lion founded the monastery in Riddagshausen in 1143/44 . Numerous documented mentions of the family in Braunschweig are also known for the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries. For example, Heinrich (1241), Baldwin (1263), Boldewin and Heinrich (1273) and Heinrich (1283) are mentioned in documents in the Lüneburg Document Book. Furthermore, the Knight Baldwin von Wenden and his son of the same name are documented. Both enter 1308 across from the Marienspital Braunschweig because of a forest. In 1322 a knight Balduin von Wenden came to an understanding again with Duke Otto . Otrave von Wenden was documented when his late brother Baldewin von Wenden and his widow were mentioned in 1490 and 1491 in connection with the family that founded the Magdeburg Sankt-Laurentius-Kirche von Olvenstedt . The abbot of St. Michaelis in Lüneburg Balduin von Wenden documents several times in the years 1429–1432 because of a farm in Wichmannsdorf .

Also in the course of the eastward expansion of the Teutonic Order , members of the gender in Prussia and Livonia were named as early as the Middle Ages . So were Thidericus de Wenden in 1320 and Ludolfus de Wenden in the years 1293/1294 councilors in Riga . Friedrich von Wenden, the Komtur zu Thorn , had the place Wenden laid out according to Kulmer law in 1389 .

The Dukes Wilhelm and Friedrich von Braunschweig gave the von Wenden family the inheritance office in 1458 . In this case, the von Wends were to be inherited by the von Reindorffs in the event of their death , which, however, would already expire.

In 1525 Ludolf von Wenden bought the Rodersdorf estate . A renaissance chimney from 1575, which is still preserved today, shows the union coat of arms of the Wenden- Bülow couple . According to the general opinion, the family was considered extinct with the death of the Brunswick court marshal Hans von Wenden on March 15, 1595. However, as Leopold von Ledebur already pointed out, the family subsequently flourished at least in the Margraviate of Brandenburg.

With the son of a Hanoverian General , which also kurhannoverschen , later Prussian Major Carl Wladislaus of Wenden († 1761/67), which the Good Schliepenhof in on August 21, 1735 parish Nitau acquired, the sex a second time to Livonia transplanted. His two daughters Christina Elisabeth von Wenden († before 1777) and Ulrika Eleonore von Wenden (1741-1810) were married one after the other to the Russian major general Justus von Mesenkampff (1718–1784). The son and brother of the aforementioned ladies Reinhold Jacob von Wenden († 1806) became a Russian major and heir to Schliepenhof. He was registered with the Livonian Knighthood in 1797 . This in turn had a daughter Ulrika Margarete von Wenden , married to Anton Adamowitsch, and a son Gustav Heinrich von Wenden († 1815). As guardian for his nephew Karl Gustav von Wenden , Adamowitsch pledged Schliepenhof in 1815 and ceded it in 1818. The Russian major general Karl Gustav von Wenden decided the lineage of his family in the 4th Livonian generation in 1867.

Historical property

The von Wenden were early and ostensibly wealthy in Braunschweig. Here Al (b / g) ersdorf (1190), Allerbüttel (1350), Beyersdorf (1190), Brunsroderfeld (1343), Dahlum (1219–1481), Detten (1346), Detmerode (1345–1367), Eine (1315 ), Emmer (1434), Emmerstedt (1258), Esbeck (1358–1449), Hemmendorf (1483), Hesse (1506), Hohnsleben (1190), Isenbüttel (1350), Jerxheim (1374–1382), Kälberlah (1350) , Nendorf (1190), Offleben (1190), Rapke (1345-1367), Vensleve (1315), Webeck (1190-1312) and Wenden (1145) counted as estates. In the 16th century there were estates in Beyer-Naumburg (1541), Rodersdorf (1525–1595) and Schneidlingen (1541) in the Halberstadt diocese. Finally owned the von Wenden in the Brandenburg goddess (1619–1703), Neuchâtel (1572) and Tankow near Friedeberg (1347).

Relatives

coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows two flat black (also blue) rafters in gold (also in silver) between 15 (6: 6: 3) green birch or linden leaves set up in the direction of the rafters. Five black ostrich feathers (also cock feathers) on the helmet with black and gold bulges on similar blankets .

A seal imprint showing the family coat of arms is shown in the document book of the Hildesheim monastery .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Carl Arvid von Klingspor : Baltic Wappenbuch , with drawings by Adolf Matthias Hildebrandt , Stockholm 1882, p. 95 , p. 126 (coat of arms illus.)
  2. ^ Julius Theodor Bagmihl : Pommersches Wappenbuch . Volume 3, Stettin 1847, pp. 150-152 , Tfl. 44 .
  3. ↑ Ludwig Hänselmann (Ed.): Document book of the city of Braunschweig , Volume 2, Braunschweig 1895, PDF, p. 332 ; Volume 3, Berlin 1905, PDF, p. 39 .
  4. Jump up ↑ George Adalbert von Mülverstedt : A second Harzland branch of the v. Olvenstedt: Commentary on eight documents , In: Zeitschrift des Harz-Verein für Geschichte und Altertumskunde , 12th year, 1879, online ( Memento from November 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ).
  5. ↑ Holger Runne: Documents of the Middle Ages: For Bienenbüttel and its districts , Norderstedt 2009, p. 96 .
  6. ^ Johann Christian von Hellbach : Adels-Lexikon , Volume 2, Ilmenau 1826, p. 713 .
  7. ^ Coat of arms (Wenden-Bülow 1575) on vorharz.net.
  8. ↑ a b Leopold von Ledebur : Adelslexikon der Prussischen Monarchy . Volume 3, Berlin 1858, pp. 96-97 .
  9. ^ Johann Christoph Brotze : Collection of various Liefland monuments , Volume 8, Riga around 1800, Major General of the Electorate of Hanover v. Turning ( memento of August 18, 2007 in the Internet Archive ).
  10. ^ Heinrich von Hagemeister : Materials for a History of the Estates of Livonia , Volume 1, Riga 1836, p. 93 .
  11. ^ Genealogical manual of the Baltic knighthoods part 1, 1: Livland, Görlitz 1929, GHL 1, p. 386, 4th wife of III. 2. u. P. 387, last 6 lines of the EN text .
  12. ↑ sub No. 285 (Moser, Lit.), 288 (GHL, Lit.), 299 (Siebmacher, Lit.)
  13. ^ Leonhard von Stryk : Contributions to the history of the manors of Livonia. Part Two, The Latvian District. Albanus, Dresden 1885, pp. 29-30.
  14. ↑ Karl Friedrich Bege : chronicle of the city Wolfenbüttel and its suburbs. Wolfenbüttel 1839, pp. 77-78 .
  15. ↑ Vol. III, Tfl. IV, No. 28.