Friedrich III. (Braunschweig-Calenberg-Göttingen)

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Friedrich von Braunschweig-Lüneburg (* 1424 , † March 5, 1495 in Münden ) called the Restless or Turbulentus , was a son of Duke Wilhelm of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and Cäcilie von Brandenburg . Together with his brother Wilhelm , he became Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg in 1482, but was deposed in 1484.

Life

In the first decades of his life, Friedrich was often involved in feuds, raids and highway robberies; this is what his later epithets der Unruhige or Turbulentus . In 1477 he was sent to Geldern for administrative matters. Just two years later, in 1479, he had to return to his homeland; The reason was probably a mental weakness or a mental illness. A little later, however, he had apparently recovered enough to be able to carry out administrative business again. After the death of his father Wilhelm the Elder in 1482, Friedrich and his brother Wilhelm the Younger took over the reign together. Friedrich now asked his brother to divide the inheritance. In a contract dated August 1, 1483, however, he only agreed to one mutation , that is, the sovereignty was still exercised jointly and only the rights of use were shared. Friedrich received, among other things, the license to use the Principality of Calenberg .

In the years 1482/83 the so-called Great Hildesheimer feud broke out between the Bishop of Hildesheim Berthold II. Von Landsberg and the city of Hildesheim , which involved a new episcopal tax that was not accepted by the city council. The brothers were on different sides: Wilhelm, through the mediation of his council Heinrich von Hardenberg († 1492/93), concluded an alliance with the Bishop of Hildesheim Berthold II von Landsberg in February 1483; On September 7, 1483, Friedrich took over the patronage of the city of Hildesheim. A year later, in September 1484, the armed conflict broke out between the parties to the dispute. On December 10, 1484, Friedrich was captured by his brother Wilhelm at Calenberg Castle and brought to Münden via Gandersheim and Hardegen . The reasons for the capture are interpreted differently in the literature; in some cases - as Wilhelm himself claims - a renewed outbreak of mental illness is seen as the cause, in some cases Wilhelm's aversion to the division of the country is cited.

A folk song with the title Hertzog Friderich discovered in the early 1990s relates to the circumstances surrounding Friedrich's capture. It comprises eight stanzas, is mainly written in the Low German dialect and apparently originated at the time of the Hildesheim feud. It complains about the alleged injustice that happened to Friedrich. Some conspirators would have been so reluctant to take Friedrich's side for Hildesheim that they planned his disempowerment. The fifth stanza says:

" Steffen van der Malsborch / Hinrick van Hardenberch and doctor Siboll / de bedechten den radt tho samende / wo sy dat bring full wolden / dat se kregen the Calenberch in / hertoge Frederick gefangen / so wolden se heren syn. "

The extent to which the song mixes historical facts, half-truths and fictitious things cannot, of course, be determined. In the literature, the opinion is held that there could be considerable truthfulness in the text. The persons named in the fifth stanza are possibly the ducal councilors Otto von der Malsburg († probably 1504) and Heinrich von Hardenberg as well as the ducal chancellor Johannes Sibolle (attested approx. 1474–1498) who were involved in the Hildesheim feud in Brunswick Side played an important role. They could have promoted the capture of Friedrich in order to expand their government influence to all three principalities of Braunschweig, Calenberg and Göttingen.

The great Hildesheim feud ended in 1486 through a settlement. Friedrich remained in captivity until the end of his life; he died on March 5, 1495 in Münden, where he is also buried.

Marriages

Friedrich was married twice:

First marriage to Anna von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen (1415–1474), daughter of Duke Erich I of Braunschweig-Grubenhagen and widow of Albrecht III. of Bavaria .

On May 10, 1483, he married Margaretha, daughter of Konrad von Rietberg

Both marriages remained childless.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Paul Zimmermann:  Wilhelm the Elder . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 42, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1897, pp. 733-738 .; Paul Zimmermann:  Wilhelm II. (Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 42, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1897, pp. 738-741.
  2. ↑ For the Great Feud see z. B. the website of the Ev.-luth. Hildesheim-Sarstedt church district.
  3. ↑ See Paul Zimmermann:  Wilhelm II. (Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 42, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1897, pp. 738-741 .; Dieter Lent: An unknown historical folk song on the capture of Duke Friedrich the Restless of Braunschweig at Calenberg Castle in 1484. In: Braunschweigisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte. Braunschweigischer Geschichtsverein, Braunschweig 1993, Volume 74, pp. 18f. mwNew.
  4. ↑ Quoting the text of the song after Dieter Lent: An unknown historical folk song about the capture of Duke Friedrich the Restless of Braunschweig at Calenberg Castle in 1484. In: Braunschweigisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte. Braunschweigischer Geschichtsverein, Braunschweig 1993, Volume 74, p. 13
  5. ↑ Cf. Dieter Lent: An unknown historical folk song on the capture of Duke Friedrich the Restless of Braunschweig at Calenberg Castle in 1484. In: Braunschweigisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte. Braunschweigischer Geschichtsverein, Braunschweig 1993, Volume 74, pp. 21f. mwNew.
  6. ↑ See Paul Zimmermann:  Wilhelm II. (Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 42, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1897, pp. 738-741.
personal data
SURNAME Friedrich III.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Frederick the Restless; Turbulentus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
DATE OF BIRTH 1424
DATE OF DEATH March 5, 1495
Place of death Hannoversch Münden