Semester ticket

SemesterTicket NRW

The semester ticket (even semester card, student (Studi-) ticket or student (Studi-) card ) is a ticket for public transport (PT), which for students a semester is considered long. Its costs are part of the " semester fee " and must therefore be purchased when you enroll or re- register , even if you do not intend to use the offers. Because this rule applies to all students, the semester ticket can be particularly cheap and is therefore particularly useful for those students who regularly use public transport .

Germany

The first known concept for a semester ticket was developed in 1990 at the University of Stuttgart . The first agreement for a semester ticket came about at the then FH Darmstadt (today Hochschule Darmstadt ) for the winter semester 1991/92 in the Frankfurt Transport Association . As a result, the idea spread quickly and has now become a common part of student life in Germany.

The semester ticket is usually created through a contract between the student body , represented by the AStA or StuRa , and the relevant transport company . In Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria (where there are or were no legally competent student bodies), in Saxony-Anhalt (where there is no permanent obligation for students to be a member of the student body) as well as in Thuringia and at some university locations in other federal states (e.g. B. Leipzig or Trier ) takes the place of the student body the student union or student union .

The areas of validity and the exact scope of services of the semester tickets are specified individually in the contracts and are therefore very different. For example, the semester ticket for the Regensburg universities is only valid in the RVV , within this, however, in all means of transport, whereas the semester ticket for the Göttingen universities is valid throughout Lower Saxony and Bremen and (from Lower Saxony) to Hamburg Hauptbahnhof , but only on trains operated by DB Regio , metronom and eurobahn and on other selected routes, but not on GöVB buses until October 2014 . Typical objects of negotiation in the contracts are the question of taking bicycles with you and the discounted use of connecting trains.

The ticket from various universities in North Rhine-Westphalia, such as B. the Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , applies throughout North Rhine-Westphalia . This is made possible by an additional agreement between the student body and transport companies, through which the validity of the previous semester ticket is extended to the NRW area by the respective transport association. In contrast to the Göttingen model, all local transport can be used here.

In some areas of application it is possible to take bicycles with you free of charge . First of all, these are the states with free rail transport: Hesse , Rhineland-Palatinate , Saarland , Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia (some restrictions on weekdays before 9 a.m.). There are also corresponding regulations in some transport associations or districts . In most areas, however, a bike map is required for every trip . Season tickets (additional monthly tickets ) for bicycles have so far only been offered by transport associations. These are then valid in the respective network (e.g. Münsterland , Ostwestfalen-Lippe ).

Solidarity model

At most universities , all students pay a uniform compulsory fee for the semester ticket and thus acquire full usage rights in the respective area of ​​validity, regardless of individual use.

At universities in Baden-Württemberg (with the exception of Pforzheim University ) as well as at Worms University and most universities in Munich , the semester ticket is implemented according to a tiered model. The students pay a basic amount as a mandatory contribution.

There are two types of base amounts.

• At many university locations, it allows you to use local public transport in the evenings, on weekends and on public holidays . If you want to travel outside these times, you have to purchase another ticket for the semester half-year.
• Another type of base amount does not entitle you to use public transport, but is a pure solidarity contribution. It only finances the possibility for students to purchase an inexpensive semester ticket. This model was first introduced in Trier in 1992.

Hardship regulations

At many universities there are regulations with which it is possible to be exempted from the obligation to pay contributions. The following groups of people can claim the exemption, depending on the university location:

• (Disabled) students who are entitled to free transport in local public transport or an equivalent area of ​​validity
• Students who are on leave have
• Distance students
• Students who are demonstrably not staying in the area of ​​validity (e.g. when completing a semester abroad or an internship )
• Students who live in the vicinity of their department
• If the place of residence is so unfavorable that it cannot be reached with the means of transport authorized for use, the fee is partially waived
• Students who can prove that the contribution for them a financial hardship is

In the latter case (financing difficulties), some, especially older semester ticket models, exempt students from the obligation to pay contributions only on condition that they waive the semester ticket. Other models, however, provide a social or hardship fund from which these students are reimbursed their contributions. Affected students can then use the ticket free of charge or at least receive a partial refund.

Legal disputes

The model of the semester ticket is not undisputed among students and has been legally addressed several times. A Duisburg student filed a lawsuit against the semester ticket as early as 1992. Most recently, two judgments by the Federal Administrative Court on May 12, 1999 (BVerwG 6 C 14.98 and BVerwG 6 C 10.98) made it clear that a student body , which is a public corporation with compulsory membership , has the competence to introduce the ticket as well as itself publicly comment on it. Constitutional complaints against these two judgments were not accepted for decision by the Federal Constitutional Court (each by unanimous decision of the 2nd Chamber of the First Senate of the Federal Constitutional Court on August 4, 2000) (BVerfG, 1 BvR 1510/99 and 1 BvR 1410/99). In view of the students' "financial need for training" and the high travel costs, the semester ticket serves to improve the social situation of the students. The suitability of the semester ticket is to be measured by the advantages for all students. The compulsory participation of all students contributes significantly to the extent of the discount achieved. The Federal Constitutional Court expressly acknowledges that "the improvement of the environmental conditions, the relaxation of the parking lot situation and the possibility of using the ticket for leisure purposes in principle benefit all students". The State of Berlin has also regulated the semester ticket by law.

University locations with semester tickets

Culture semester ticket

In addition to public transport services, some student representatives are also striving for comparable offers in the cultural sector.

The AStA at TU Darmstadt has been cooperating with the Darmstadt State Theater since the 2009/10 winter semester . As with the semester ticket, the students pay part of their semester fee so that they receive remaining tickets free of charge for performances of the theater. At the same time, the AStA of Saarbrücken University also entered into a cooperation with the local state theater . Here the students do not pay a fee. The compensation amount is paid from the student body's reserves.

Two years later, the AStA of the University of Lüneburg introduced a similar, larger project with Germany's first so-called “Semesterticket Kultur”. Since the summer semester 2011, every student is obliged to pay € 2 semester fee for this ticket and, under certain conditions, receives free entry to four cultural institutions in the city. After a one-year trial period, 78.9% of the students at the university voted in favor of keeping their ticket in the university elections in December 2011.

As in Darmstadt, the AStA of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz has been cooperating with the Mainz State Theater since the 2011/12 season . Here, € 1 per semester is charged as a contribution.

This initiative was also taken up by the AStA of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen . In the university elections in January 2012, 50.4% voted for the introduction of the art & culture ticket mentioned there from the winter semester 2012/13. This includes eleven art and cultural institutions in the city and costs € 9.00 per semester in 2015. For the 2014/2015 winter semester, a culture ticket will be introduced at the University of Hildesheim with a contribution of 5.50 euros. A special feature here is that in addition to cultural institutions, the art and cultural projects funded by the student body are also discounted.

The AStA of the Westphalian University GE BOH RE is cooperating with the music theater in the Revier . Every student can reserve one free ticket for each performance directly at the music theater. Furthermore, there is the possibility of receiving one of the previously unsold admission tickets free of charge upon presentation of your student ID directly before a performance. The whole campaign is financed from the student budget of the AStA (1 euro student / semester).

The Student Union Trier , through its culture Semesterticket Tue-Wed-Thurs the goal to allow free admission on the basis of remaining tickets to Thursday the Trier students at eight public cultural facilities Tuesday.

In Karlsruhe, students of the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences - Technology and Economics, the University of Education, the University of Design and the University of Music can purchase remaining tickets free of charge 72 hours before the start of the event in the Baden State Theater in Karlsruhe with the so-called flat rate. The tickets can also be purchased online

Austria

Vienna

In Vienna, a semester ticket for students up to the age of 26 is offered by Wiener Linien . The period of validity extends from September to January in the winter semester and from February to June in the summer semester. During the lecture-free period in the summer months of July and August, students have the option of purchasing a discounted monthly ticket for € 29.50. Semester tickets for students with their main residence in Vienna are subsidized by the City of Vienna and cost € 75, for all other students the semester ticket costs € 150. In contrast to the compulsory system in Germany, which benefits all students according to the principle of solidarity, every student here can voluntarily decide whether or not to buy this semester ticket.

Project at the University of Linz

At the Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU) in Linz , Upper Austria , the semester ticket was narrowly rejected in a vote by the students in May 2006. The JKU would have been the first university in Austria to implement a semester ticket based on the solidarity model. The ticket should cost 55 € per semester and be valid as a network card for all means of transport of the Upper Austrian Transport Association (OÖVV). The area of ​​validity would have extended to the area of ​​the federal state of Upper Austria and some other lines . Critics of the proposal had seen it as exceeding the competence of the student union (ÖH) and patronizing it. It was stated that German law cannot easily be applied to Austria and that the legal situation (in Austria) has not yet been clarified.

Outside of Europe

Since 2007 the Universal Transit Pass ( U-Pass ) has been given to students at the three universities of Ottawa . As with the European model, the conditions are negotiated between the student representatives and the local transport company ( OC Transpo ) and the ticket is generally mandatory for full-time students. There are exceptions for the blind and residents of Québec . The ticket is valid for 8 months (September – April) and for all OC Transpo means of transport (in Ottawa and Gatineau ).

Economic Effects

One reason why the semester ticket can mean discounted access to public transport for the majority of students is that those students who would otherwise have bought no or fewer public transport tickets do so by handing them in after the semester ticket has been introduced. It is to be expected that the transport companies will accommodate the students in terms of price in order to achieve this increase in demand compared to the situation without a semester ticket. Another reason can be seen in the fact that the transaction costs of public transport can be reduced: The costs of the transport companies for target group marketing, ticket control and fare dodging can be reduced by the semester ticket; The transport companies can pass this cost saving on to the students in part by purchasing a cheap ticket. However, the cost savings for the students may be lower than expected if public transport capacities have to be expanded due to increased use.

Web links

• Information from Deutsche Bahn for the semester ticket in Lower Saxony

See also

• Citizen Ticket

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Alexander Weichbrodt: The Semesterticket: Illegal Compulsory Ticket or Legal Special Tariff for Students? Lit, Münster u. a. 2001, ISBN 3-8258-5653-4 , p. 3, accessed from Google Books
2. ↑ http://cms.ivda.de/quellen/11/Tarifgestaltung_von_Semestertickets-Blees_1995.pdf
3. ↑ In 2012, the student body was anchored in the University Act in Baden-Württemberg. Section 65 of the BW Higher Education Act as amended on April 1, 2014 (Journal of Laws p. 99)
4. ^ In Baden-Wuerttemberg and Trier (Rhineland-Palatinate) the designation “Studentenwerk” was legally established. Higher Education Act (HochSchG) in the version of November 19, 2010, Part 8 of the Student Services & Student Union Act (StWG) in the version of September 15, 2005
5. ↑ StudiTicket at the University of Stuttgart with a basic fee
6. ↑ AStA_TFH-Berlin-Hochschulticket ( Memento from November 21, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
7. ↑ naldo Verkehrsverbund Neckar-Alb-Donau GmbH - Semesterticket ( Memento of the original from May 15, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. naldo.netwerknet.de; Retrieved May 23, 2008 
8. ↑ Judgment of the Federal Administrative Court BVerwG 6 C 10.98  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. studis.de; Retrieved May 23, 2008  
9. ↑ Federal Administrative Court - press release no. 24/1999 of May 19, 1999 on BVerwG 6 C 10.98 and 6 C 14.98 - judgments of May 12, 1999: No concerns about the introduction of the semester ticket at universities in North Rhine-Westphalia. lexetius.com; Retrieved December 7, 2015
10. ↑ Case law: 6 C 14.98 - BVerwG, May 12, 1999 dejure.org; Retrieved May 23, 2008
11. ↑ ^{a b} BVerfG, 1 BvR 1510/99 of August 4, 2000, paragraph no. (1-27) bverfg.de; Retrieved April 26, 2008
12. ↑ BVerfG, 1 BvR 1410/99 of August 4, 2000, paragraph no. (1-12) bverfg.de; Retrieved April 26, 2008
13. ↑ Berlin University Act
14. ↑ General information on the semester ticket. Website of the AStA of the RWTH Aachen. Retrieved January 19, 2017 (German). 
15. ↑ Re- registration for the summer semester 2017. RWTH Aachen website. January 12, 2017, accessed on January 19, 2017 (German). 
16. ↑ Information on the semester ticket. Website of the Augsburg Student Union. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 19, 2017 ; accessed on January 19, 2017 (German). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
17. ↑ Information on the semester ticket in Bamberg. Website of the Studentenwerk Würzburg. Retrieved January 19, 2017 (German). 
18. ^ Semesterticket - information for Bayreuth. Website of the Studentenwerk Oberfranken. Retrieved January 19, 2017 (German). 
19. ↑ Ticket prices. Website of the ASta of the TU Berlin. Retrieved January 19, 2017 (German). 
20. ^ History of the OWL semester ticket , traffic group Uni Bielefeld
21. ↑ Information and questions about the OWL semester ticket. Website of the University of Bielefeld. Retrieved January 19, 2017 (German). 
22. ↑ Social contribution. Website of the University of Bielefeld. Retrieved January 19, 2017 (German). 
23. ↑ Social contribution. RUB website. Retrieved January 19, 2017 (German). 
24. ^ Organization of studies. EFH Bochum, accessed on December 22, 2015 . 
25. ↑ Social contribution, fees and contributions. Website of the University of Bonn. Retrieved January 19, 2017 (German). 
26. ↑ Semester ticket. Website of the AStA of the FH Brandenburg. Retrieved January 19, 2017 (German). 
27. ↑ ^{a b c} vrb-online.de: Network area of ​​the Braunschweig Region Transport Association (accessed December 7, 2015)
28. ↑ Information on the semester ticket. Website of the AStA of the HBK Braunschweig. Retrieved January 19, 2017 (German). 
29. ↑ VBN tariff regulations  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF)  
30. ↑ Information brochure on the VBN semester ticket ( Memento of the original from June 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) 
31. ^ "Verkehrsgemeinschaft Landkreis Cloppenburg (VGC)"
32. ↑ Leaflet for the 2017/2018 semester ticket. (PDF; 412 kB) (No longer available online.) VBN, archived from the original on September 16, 2017 ; accessed on March 20, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
33. ↑ Information on the student annual ticket. Website of the StuRa of the TU Chemnitz. Chemnitz University of Technology, accessed on January 19, 2017 (German). 
34. ↑ semester fee / semester ticket. BTU website. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 26, 2017 ; accessed on January 19, 2017 (German). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
35. ↑ Semester ticket. Website of the Coburg University of Applied Sciences. Retrieved January 19, 2017 (German). 
36. ↑ RMV-AStA-Semesterticket. Website of the AStA of the TU Darmstadt. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
37. ↑ RMV semester ticket. Website of the AStA of the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
38. ^ ASta EH Darmstadt. Website of the AStA of EH Darmstadt. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
39. ↑ Your ticket through NRW. Website of the HS Detmold. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
40. ↑ Leaflet on paying semester fees. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German).  (PDF; 33.1 kB)
41. ↑ Contribution regulations of the student body of the Dresden University of Technology and Economics. Website of the StuRa of the HTW Dresden. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
42. ↑ Uni Düsseldorf: Official Announcements, No. 25/2015 ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) 
43. ↑ Social and student body contribution in the summer semester 2017. Website of the University of Duisburg-Essen. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
44. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Fee regulations of the Thuringia student union. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German).  (PDF; 84.4 kB)
45. ↑ The semester fee. Website of the AStA Flensburg. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
46. ↑ ^{a b c} Semesterticket Schleswig-Holstein in the Schleswig-Holstein tariff - tariff regulations and conditions of carriage. State-wide local transport company Schleswig-Holstein (NAH.SH), September 1, 2019, accessed on September 15, 2019 . 
47. ↑ Explanations of the semester fee summer semester 2017. Website of the AStA of the University of Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
48. ↑ Semester fee for the summer semester 2017. Website of the FH Frankfurt am Main. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 21, 2017 ; accessed on January 21, 2017 (German). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
49. ↑ semester fee. Website of the University of Frankfurt / Oder. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
50. ↑ Re- registration / semester fees. Website of the HS Fulda. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
51. ↑ ^{a b c} Deadlines, costs and regulations for the semester ticket. Website of the WH. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
52. ↑ Semester contribution summer semester 2017. Website of the University of Giessen. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
53. ↑ The student body contribution is made up of. Website of the University of Göttingen. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
54. ↑ ^{a b} Contributions and Fees. Website of the HS Südwestfalen. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
55. ↑ ^{a b} Contributions and fees for courses and other courses. Website of HS Harz. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
56. ↑ semester fee. Website of the University of Halle. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
57. ↑ Semester contribution for the summer semester 2017. Website of the University of Hamburg. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
58. ↑ Re- registration summer semester 2017. Website of the University of Hanover. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on August 14, 2016 ; accessed on January 21, 2017 (German). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
59. ↑ Fee regulations for the winter semester 2016/2017. Website of the AStA of the University of Hildesheim with reference to the fee regulations. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
60. ↑ Student union fee / semester ticket / tuition fees. Website of the HS Hof. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
61. ↑ semester fee. Website of the AStA of the University of Kaiserslautern. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 21, 2017 ; accessed on January 21, 2017 (German). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
62. ^ The semester fee for the summer semester 2017. Website of the University of Kassel. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 29, 2016 ; accessed on January 21, 2017 (German). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
63. ↑ Re- registration / semester fee. Website of the University of Kiel. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
64. ↑ Overview of semester fees since 2010. Website of the University of Cologne. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
65. ↑ ^{a b} semester fee. Website of the HS Niederrhein. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
66. ↑ Semester ticket. Studentenwerk Leipzig, accessed on December 19, 2016 . 
67. ↑ ^{a b} study organization. Website of HS Osnabrück. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
68. ↑ Re- registration / semester fee. Website of the University of Lübeck. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
69. ↑ semester fee and long-term tuition fees . Website of the University of Lüneburg. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
70. ↑ feedback. Website of the University of Magdeburg. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
71. ↑ Study costs. Website of the University of Mainz. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
72. ↑ Information on contributions and fees. Website of the University of Marburg. Accessed November 2, 2018 (German). 
73. ↑ semester fee. Website of the University of Münster. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
74. ↑ semester fee and re-registration. Website of the HfG Offenbach. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
75. ↑ Study costs. Website of the University of Osnabrück. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
76. ↑ Semester fee for the summer semester 2017. Website of the University of Paderborn. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
77. ↑ Re- registration date for the summer semester 2017. Website of the University of Passau. Retrieved January 22, 2017 (German). 
78. ↑ vpe.de: Pforzheim-Enzkreis GmbH (VPE) - Community tariff Common conditions of carriage, tariff regulations and fares in the Verkehrsverbund Pforzheim-Enzkreis GmbH (VPE) ( Memento of the original from December 20, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) accessed on December 7, 2015 
79. ↑ ^{a b} studentenwerk-karlsruhe.de: Studentenwerk Karlsruhe - semester fee (accessed on August 7, 2011)
80. ↑ Composition of the semester fees. Website of the AStA of the University of Potsdam. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
81. ↑ feedback. Website of the University of Regensburg. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
82. ↑ feedback. Website of the University of Rostock. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
83. ^ Social contribution and contributions from the student body in the summer semester 2017. Website of the University of Saarland. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
84. ↑ ^{a b c d} semester ticket. Website of the AStA of HS Ostfalia. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 21, 2017 ; accessed on January 21, 2017 (German). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
85. ↑ Mobile by bus and train. Website of the University of Siegen. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 26, 2016 ; accessed on January 21, 2017 (German). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
86. ↑ studiwerk.cms.rdts.de: Studentenwerk Trier (swt) - Semesterticket - area of ​​validity for bus transport (accessed on February 12, 2009)
87. ↑ studiwerk.cms.rdts.de: Studentenwerk Trier (swt) - Semesterticket - area of ​​validity Deutsche Bahn AG (accessed on September 30, 2014)
88. ↑ Semester ticket. Website of the Studiwerk Trier. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
89. ↑ Semester ticket. Website of the AStA of the HS Rhein-Main. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 2, 2017 ; accessed on January 21, 2017 (German). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
90. ↑ Composition of the semester fee for direct studies. Website of the TH Wildau. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 2, 2017 ; accessed on January 21, 2017 (German). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
91. ↑ Contribution regulations of the University of Witten / Herdecke. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 23, 2017 ; accessed on January 21, 2017 (German). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 5.8 MB)  
92. ↑ Information on the semester ticket in Würzburg. Website of the Studentenwerk Würzburg. Retrieved on January 21, 2017 (German). 
93. ↑ Information on re-registration for main auditors (students) and doctoral candidates. Website of the University of Wuppertal. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 2, 2017 ; accessed on January 21, 2017 (German). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
94. ↑ Composition of the semester fee for the summer semester 2017. Website of HS Zwickau. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 21, 2017 ; accessed on January 21, 2017 (German). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
95. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Fee regulations of the Studentenwerk Tübingen-Hohenheim WS 2016/2017. Retrieved January 18, 2017 (German).  (PDF; 1.3 MB)
96. ↑ ^{a b c d} semester ticket. Website of the Naldo. Retrieved January 18, 2017 (German). 
97. ↑ ^{a b} Fee regulations of the Studierendenwerk Stuttgart. Website of the Studierendenwerk Stuttgart. December 11, 2015, accessed on January 18, 2017 (German). 
98. ↑ ^{a b c d} StudiTicket 2017. VVS website. Retrieved January 18, 2017 (German). 
99. ↑ Semester ticket. Website of the Studierendenwerk Freiburg-Black Forest. Retrieved January 18, 2017 (German). 
100. ↑ SemesterTicket. RVF website. Retrieved January 18, 2017 (German). 
101. ↑ ^{a b} The current semester ticket. Website of the student union of Heidelberg University. Retrieved January 18, 2017 (German). 
102. ↑ ^{a b c d} semester ticket. VRN website. Retrieved January 18, 2017 (German). 
103. ↑ ^{a b} semester ticket. Heilbronn University website. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 18, 2017 ; accessed on January 18, 2017 (German). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
104. ↑ ^{a b} semester ticket. Website of the HNV. Retrieved January 18, 2017 (German). 
105. ↑ Ticket for students. KVV website. Retrieved January 18, 2017 (German). 
106. ↑ ^{a b c} Tariffs for the Konstanz city bus - Studi-Ticket. Website of the Stadtwerke Konstanz. Retrieved January 18, 2017 (German). 
107. ↑ ^{a b} VHB-Studi-Ticket. VHB website. Retrieved January 18, 2017 (German). 
108. ↑ feedback. Website of the Ludwigshafen University of Applied Sciences. Retrieved January 18, 2017 (German). 
109. ↑ Public transport semester ticket. Website of the Studierendenwerk Mannheim. Retrieved January 18, 2017 (German). 
110. ↑ ^{a b} MVV semester ticket. MVV website. Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund GmbH (MVV), accessed on February 10, 2019 (German). 
111. ↑ Semester ticket. Website of the Studierendenwerk Ulm. Retrieved January 18, 2017 (German). 
112. ↑ Semester ticket. Website of the DING. Retrieved January 18, 2017 (German). 
113. ↑ AStA TU Darmstadt: "Cooperation with State Theater" October 20, 2009
114. ↑ AStA Saarbrücken University: "Free to the State Theater"
115. ^ 'Culture to go' for students from Lüneburg . NDR, April 19, 2011
116. ↑ Culture for (almost) lukewarm! ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Jusos Uni Frankfurt, January 14, 2012 
117. ↑ Absolutely iconic: The semester ticket for culture . AStA Lüneburg, April 14, 2011
118. ↑ AStA Lüneburg: Semesterticket Kultur  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
119. ↑ Election results WS 2011/12  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 183 kB) AStA at the University of Lüneburg  
120. ↑ AStA University Mainz: "Free students in the theater"
121. ↑ AUGUSTA the Göttingen campus newspaper January 25, 2012: "Ballot: Kultur-Semesterticket"
122. ^ AStA Uni Göttingen: Culture ticket
123. ↑ Culture ticket - AStA Uni Hildesheim. Retrieved on February 22, 2014. ( Memento of the original from February 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
124. ↑ Free theater visits for students - AStA Westfälische Hochschule. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
125. ↑ Project homepage Tue-Wed-Thu. Retrieved September 30, 2014
126. ^ Wiener Linien - tickets for students wienerlinien.at; accessed on August 23, 2017
127. ↑ Students at the JKU Linz decide on the semester ticket. ( Memento of the original from September 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. April 28, 2006; Retrieved December 7, 2015 
128. ↑ U-PASS | GSAÉD. In: gsaed.ca. Retrieved October 6, 2014 . 
129. ↑ OC Transpo - U-Pass. In: octranspo1.com. Retrieved October 6, 2014 . 
130. ^ Stähler, Frank A .: On the economy of the semester ticket . In: Yearbook for Economics / Review of Economics . tape 51 , no. 1 , 2000, pp. 92-103 .
131. ^ Voss, Achim: Collective public-transport tickets and anticipated majority choice: A model of student tickets . In: Transportation Research Part A . tape 80 , 2015, p. 263-276 , doi : 10.1016 / j.tra.2015.08.005 .