Lübeck-St. Jurgen

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St. Jürgen
City of Lübeck
Coordinates: 53 ° 51 ′ 19 ″  N , 10 ° 41 ′ 50 ″  E
Area : 61.9 km²
Residents : 39,159  (Dec. 31, 2003)
Population density : 633 inhabitants / km²
Area code : 0451
map
Location of the St. Jürgen district in Lübeck with the numbers of the city districts
Depiction of the eponymous St. Jürgen at the building at Ratzeburger Allee 104

St. Jürgen is a district of Lübeck in front of the former Mühlentor in the south outside the former city walls. As with St. Lorenz and St. Gertrud, the name St. Jürgen ( St. Georg ) corresponds to the patron saint of the suburban church. The district includes the districts of Hüxtertor-Mühlentor-Gärtnergasse (02), Strecknitz / Rothebek (09), Blankensee (10), Wulfsdorf (11), Beidendorf (12), Krummesse (13), Kronsforde (14), Niederbüssau (15) , Vorrade (16), Schiereichenkoppel (17) and Oberbüssau (18).

location

Lübeck-St. Jürgen: Ratzeburger Allee towards the city center
Kahlhorst

The area is determined in the north by the Elbe-Lübeck Canal , in the east by the Wakenitz and in the south and west by the city limits. The closed development following the city center ends south of the university district . The two commercial areas of the district are located within this closed development, the old one since the beginning of the 20th century on Geniner Strasse with the eye-catching gasometer and the new one since the 1970s on Malmöstrasse . The rural communities, which were mostly incorporated in 1935, form islands of closed development in landscape protection areas and agricultural areas. You have e.g. T. Retain remains of the original village character. The Niemark landfill and Blankensee Airport are also located in this area .

Historical description

From a municipal ordinance of March 23, 1861:

The suburb of St. Jürgen includes all the properties in front of the Mühlenthore and Hüxterthore,
which are enclosed from the Mühlenthor zingel by the crow pond, the Hüxterthorzingel
the Wacknitz, the field marks of Strecknitz, Mönkhof, Vorrade and Genin ,
through the Trave and the city moat to the Mühlenthorzingel; as well as the
Land of the Grönau tree.

history

Until the lifting of the gate lock (1864)

The core of the areas has belonged to the city and the diocese of Lübeck since the city was rebuilt in 1159 under Heinrich the Lion . The small part of the area east of today's city center and north of today's Moltkestrasse was considerably redesigned as early as the Middle Ages due to the damming of the Wakenitz . The small tip of land around which the Wakenitz flowed became damp due to the considerable rise in the water level. Its northern part, the Falkenwiese ( Falkenstrasse ) was used for the not insignificant falconry and falcon hunt. In 1240, Emperor Friedrich II received a falcon from Lübeck.

South of the city center in the area that was opened up by Ratzeburger Allee and Kronsford Allee , the St. Jürgen Hospital was built around 1240 south of the fork in the avenues, one of several infirmaries for lepers in the vicinity of the city, which are entirely dedicated to St. Jürgen in the Thirty Years War 1629 with the later (1341) built St. Jürgen Chapel , which gave the district its name, was relocated to the south because of the expansion of the fortifications.

The beech and oak forests in this area were cleared until the end of the 14th century to provide timber and firewood. The name Kahlhorst ( Kahlhorststraße ) for part of this area describes the result of the clearing that was carried out in this area for the charcoal industry .

The heather created by the clearing was partly used as pasture for the dairy cattle kept in the city. This can still be seen today in the street names Stadtweide , Bürgerweide and Osterweide . Other parts were leased to arable citizens who had their farm within the city walls, but farmed outside the gates. More distant properties developed into outer courtyards ( Gut Strecknitz , Hof Rothebeck, Mönkhof, Ringstedten- and Elswighof), of which the Mönkhof and the Ringstedtenhof still exist today. Other parts belonged to the foundations (St. Jürgen and Holy Spirit Hospital , St. Annen Armen and Werkhaus , St. Clemens- Kaland , Antoniusbruderschaft) and were managed by them.

Garden ed. Jürgens, Bäckerstraße, draft by Erwin Barth , February 1908

Commercial activity was carried out in front of the city walls, insofar as it could not be carried out in the city, in particular for hygienic reasons: Bleicher ( Bleichenstraße ), glue boiler and tanner in front of the Hüxtertor , pine smokehouse for the production of printer's ink in front of the Mühlentor . Pig farming was also relocated in front of the mill gate in 1582. The city assigned bakers who were dependent on pig farming as a sideline to compensate for areas in today's Bäckerstraße (formerly: Schweinestraße ) for keeping pigs.

From the end of the 17th to the end of the 18th century, areas were increasingly used to create ornamental gardens. In the same movement, oriented towards the French gardens, the first avenues emerged, of which the linden avenue to Gut Strecknitz has been preserved to this day ( Peter-Monnik-Weg ). When the Hüxtertorallee was paved in 1746, a resident had the street planted with linden trees. So the Hüxtertorallee became the first large avenue in the city. By 1800 the Ratzeburger Allee and Kronsford Allee were also expanded into avenues. Parts of the Wakenitz bank were used by nurseries until after the end of the Second World War .

In 1799, the swimming instructor Anton Kreidemann opened one of the first swimming pools in northern Germany, the Kreidemannsche Anstalt , which existed until 1898 on the Wakenitz near today's Dorotheenstrasse .

From 1800 on both sides of the Ratzeburger Allee, numerous art and commercial gardening shops and some summer houses were built, including the Lindesche Villa, today's registry office, in the Ratzeburger Allee and in the Bäckerstraße .

Further commercial and residential development initially stood in the way of urban interests. Firstly, in the event of a siege, no fortified structures should be available to an enemy. On the other hand, it was about economic interests ( compulsory guilds and excise duties ). These restrictions were lifted from the middle of the 19th century. The parceling of the area made it possible for inner-city residents to acquire land from 1860 onwards. Further important steps were the lifting of the gate lock on May 1, 1864, the introduction of freedom of trade on January 1, 1867 and the abolition of excise duties on January 1, 1875.

Until the end of the First World War (1918)

City map section 1910: Without mill plate, Rehder Bridge, Radbruchplatz; still with the old Hüxtertorallee, children's hospital, Wilhelm theater

With the lifting of these restrictions, the population in St. Jürgen, like the other suburbs, grew rapidly. It is the suburbs that absorb the enormous population growth in Lübeck in the second half of the 19th century. As early as 1900, significantly more people lived in the suburbs than in the inner city, whose population is stagnating.

In addition to simple, similar development, for example in Elswigstrasse (named after the councilor Wilhelm von Elswig in 1871 ), an upper-class villa district was built between Kronsford Allee and Lindescher Villa (nowadays registry office) on Ratzeburger Allee , which is still there today is largely preserved. At the beginning of the 1870s, today's Stresemannstrasse (first named Friedrich-Wilhelm Strasse in 1875 ) was the first major street in this quarter to be laid out as a cul-de-sac to Ratzeburger Allee.

Only in 1873 a law on the construction of streets in the suburbs of Lübeck brought order to growth, which ordered the creation of front gardens, wide sidewalks and the planting of avenue trees for main streets. A development plan designed by the hydraulic engineering director Peter Rehder was only approved in 1894. After that, the area around what is now Stresemannstrasse became a purely residential area.

In 1885 the city bought the former Kahlhorst-Hof and built the general hospital on its premises (from 1943: Städtisches Krankenhaus Süd, today Sana Kliniken ), which opened on October 18, 1887. Today's Kalandschule, at that time still separate as a boys 'and girls' school, moved into its new school building in 1886.

With the construction of the Elbe-Lübeck Canal , which was built from 1896 and opened on June 16, 1900, the Falkendamm was also built, which cuts off the inflow of the higher-lying Wakenitz into the Krähenteich. Between the canal and the Wakenitz, a new residential area was built in a few years north of Moltkestrasse , which Ferdinand Wallbrecht laid out at his own expense in 1892 , the streets of which ( Attendornstrasse 1902 etc.) were named after mayors of the city of Lübeck from the construction time of the Stecknitz Canal around 1390 . The Falkenwiese open-air swimming pool was opened in 1899 on the Wakenitz near the Falkenfeld, which was used as a breeding and training ground for falconers in the Middle Ages and has been a listed building since 1997.

During this time, the first development took place in the former gardeners' settlement Kahlhorst ( Kahlhorststrasse ). The above painting by Maria Slavona , which is known today under the title Thaw near Lübeck , was still titled Kahlhorst in the article in the Vaterstädtische Blätter dated March 18, 1920 that accompanied the exhibition in the Schabbelhaus . The building of the “II. St. Jürgenschule ”(since July 28, 1934: Kahlhorstschule), since 2006 only elementary school.

From 1909, the Strecknitz sanatorium was built on part of the Strecknitz estate. The sanatorium and nursing home for the mentally ill was opened on October 24, 1912 and replaced the insane asylum on Wakenitzstrasse . The buildings in homeland security style, which are supposed to be reminiscent of East Holstein manor houses, were laid out symmetrically on an axis road, which is closed in the east by the 37 m high bell, water and clock tower.

In 1913 the children's hospital north of the General Hospital (South Hospital) on Kahlhorststrasse was moved into. The first Lübeck children's clinic at Hüxtertorallee 41 was given up for this. The Lübeck vaccination accident occurred in this children's hospital in 1930 .

Until the end of the Second World War (1945)

The great housing shortage that prevailed after the First World War also brought about a settlement movement in Lübeck , which in the 1920s led to the construction of the settlements first on Gärtnergasse (from 1919) and on Vorrader Strasse (today Rothebeck ). The building activities were carried out by various building associations , the "non-profit settlers' cooperative eGmbH" and the "building association self-help". The houses built by the Bauverein Selbsthilfe on Gärtnergasse and Lerchenweg are still noticeable today because of their round roofs, i.e. gable roofs with outwardly curved roofs. Large plots of land in Falkenhusener Weg should enable the residents to be self-sufficient.

Also in the Kahlhorst settlement (from 1926) the non-profit settlers' cooperative and the self-help building association ( Friedrichstrasse etc.) are building. The round roofs can still be found in the building association settlement on Friedrichstrasse , but now in two-storey double and quadruple houses.

Further to the east, closer to Ratzeburger Allee , small houses and terraced houses were built. In 1931, the monastery courtyard school was built in this area for the significantly increased population of the suburb of St. Jürgen .

After the construction of the settlements almost came to a standstill between 1929 and 1932 due to the economic depression, a number of houses were built again in Falkenhusener Weg in 1935.

Today's Rehder Bridge (formerly Horst-Wessel Bridge) was built in the mid-1930s and opened to traffic on July 8, 1936.

After the Second World War

1950s and 1960s

Grönau tree, Nibelungen settlement, planet settlement (in addition to the planets, two asteroids - Pallas and Juno - were used as namesake for streets), Strecknitzer fir trees.

1990s

Rothebek (extension Rosa-Luxemburg-Str. Etc.)

2000

University district on areas of the former Strecknitz estate (2003), Bornkamp also on Strecknitzer areas, but on the western side of the Lübeck – Lüneburg railway line and the B 207 new (2005), Rothebek (2005 expansion on the Domkoppel). Construction continues in all three areas (as of May 2007).

Buildings

  • Kalandschule : The current building was erected in 1886. It initially served as a twin school for the St. Jürgen Boys and the St. Jürgen Girls School. Since 1915 the merged school was called the First St. Jürgen School, and from 1934: Kaland School. Since 1976 the Kalandschule has only been a primary school.
  • Kahlhorst School : The northern part was planned in 1906 by building director Johannes Baltzer and built as the first coeducational school in Lübeck - more for financial than pedagogical considerations. In 1912 it was expanded to its present size by the same planner. At first it was called the II. St. Jürgen School, from 1934 Kahlhorst School. During both world wars, the school was used as a military hospital due to its proximity to the South City Hospital. The building has been a listed building since 2003. Since 2006 the Kahlhorst School has only been a primary school,
  • Monastery courtyard school : The school was built in 1931 at Mönkhofer Weg 95 according to plans by building officer Pieper on the grounds of the monastery courtyard. Conceptually, the building was determined by the ideas of the school reformer Sebald Schwarz . At the time it was built, it was considered the most modern school building in Germany.
  • Mühlenteller : In 1952 the original intersection was redesigned as a roundabout . The Hüxtertorallee was swung a few meters to the north. The poor cemetery of St. Annen was built over. The earlier course of the avenue is still indistinctly recognizable from the partially preserved linden trees.
St. Jürgen Chapel
  • St. Jürgen Chapel , cemetery and schoolhouse : the chapel was consecrated in 1646. It originally belonged to the cathedral and, as in many northern German cities, isdedicated toSt. Jürgen as the patron saint of lepers . Two forerunners of the chapel from 1344 and 1540, with infirmaries (from around 1240), stood closer to the Mühlentor, immediately south of the fork in Kronsford and Ratzeburger Allee. The first of the chapels was demolished in 1534 to prevent the threat of a siege of Lübeck by the troops of Duke Christian, who later became King Christian III. of Denmark to complicate. After the second demolition in 1629, which was due to the expansion of the city fortifications, the chapel was moved to its current location. From 1815, the St. Jürgen School was initially located in the immediately closed infirmary . In 1834 the two-story schoolhouse was built on Ratzeburger Allee. Today the facility iscrushedby the Wakenitzbrücke of the B 75 (St.-Jürgen-Ring) .
  • Administrative center Mühlentor : The old building of Schwiening, wedged between two new buildings on the canal and on Kronsford Allee, was originally the seat of the state insurance institute of the Hanseatic cities. After the loss of statehood, the State Insurance Company of the Hanseatic Cities moved to Hamburg in 1939. Instead, the Schleswig-Holstein State Insurance Company moved into the Lübeck premises, after two extensions to the old building after the Second World War, the Deutsche Rentenversicherung Nord built a new building on Ziegelstrasse in Lübeck-St. Lorenz has related.

Cultural monuments

schools

Student numbers from the school year 2019/2020

Elementary schools
  • Paul-Klee-School, Alexander-Fleming-Str. (opened in 2005), 364 students in 19 classes
  • Paul Klee School, Wulfsdorf branch, Krog (opened in 1889, ex GS Hochschulstadt / Wulfsdorf), 39 students in 2 double classes
  • Kaland School, Kalandstrasse (opened in 1886, ex 1st St. Jürgen School, new name from 1934), 330 students in 15 classes
  • Kahlhorst-Schule, Kahlhorststraße (opened in 1906, ex 2nd St.-Jürgen-Schule, new name from 1934, elementary school since 2006), 442 students in 22 classes
  • Kahlhorst School, Niederbüssau branch, Krummesser Landstrasse (opened in 1888, predecessor schools in Kronsforde and Oberbüssau, ex GS Niederbüssau), 68 students in 4 classes
  • Grönauer Baum school, Reetweg (opened in 1958, ex Wakenitzhof elementary school), 191 students in 11 classes
Elementary and community schools
  • Elementary and community school St. Jürgen (with upper level), Mönkhofer Weg, developed from the ex Klosterhof school (opened in 1931) and ex St. Jürgen Realschule (opened in 1951), 1076 students in 48 classes
former schools
  • St.-Jürgen-Realschule, Kalkbrennerstraße (opened in 1963, ex St. Jürgen-Middle School from 1951)
  • Alte-Stadt-Schule, Am Falkenplatz -former Realschule- (opened in 1959 on the premises of the Gymnasium am Falkenplatz, later the Thomas Mann Gymnasium) {The building was originally - that was before the First World War - the Freese School . This school, named after the name of its director, had to move to the gates of the city because its original building was too small for it}. The Lübeck Adult Education Center has had its rooms in the building since 2011.

Churches

Advent Church Lübeck
St. Martin Church in Lübeck
Evangelical Lutheran:
  • St. Jürgen Chapel , Ratzeburger Allee (predecessor from 1330, current church consecrated 1646)
  • St. Martin Church, Kastanienallee (consecrated 1962)
  • Cross Church, Billrothstrasse (consecrated 1971)
  • St. Augustine Church, Falkenhusener Weg (consecrated 1972)
  • St. Georg , Niederbüssauer Weg (Genin), (predecessor from 1337)
  • OASE, prayer room in the university district, Alexander-Fleming-Straße
Roman Catholic:
  • St. Vicelin Church, Mönkhofer Weg (consecrated 1956)
Protestant free churches
Other religious communities:
Former churches:
  • Andreaskirche ( Methodist ), Dorfstrasse / corner of Kahlhorststrasse (desecrated in 2009 and demolished in April 2015)

Urban greenery, forests and nature conservation

On the banks of the Elbe-Lübeck Canal, the ramparts with the canal bank and the old St. Jürgen cemetery on the Brink form a generous, spacious green area.

Von-Großheim-Platz is also located on Brink , a park area with a fountain created in 1912.

In the east from Weberkoppel the Wakenitz belongs to the district. Both sides of the Wakenitz which is nature reserve Wakenitz Wakenitz and west of the conservation area Wakenitz / Falk Husen. A part of Lübeck's medieval outer border runs right through the middle of the district, the Landgraben as part of the Landwehr that once again surrounds the city and flows into the Wakenitz. The old customs station in the lowlands of the Au zur Wakenitz is still standing on Ratzeburger Allee . In the south and east of the new university district, the Landgraben is being redesigned as a compensation measure for land consumption .

The nature reserve Ringstedtenhof is located around the Ringstedtenhof.

In the university district was recently Lübeck Park, the Carlebach Park, named after the family of the Lübeck Rabbi Salomon Carlebach .

There are extensive urban forests in Falkenhusen and Blankensee. In the Blankensee forest lies one of Lübeck's better-known megalithic tombs - the Blankensee large stone grave . In the extreme southwest of the Lübeck city area, south of Kronsforde and west of Krummesse , lies the Kannenbruch , a natural forest reserve .

At the same time, due to its size, this district still has the largest amount of agricultural land in the outer areas of all Lübeck districts.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Lübeck-St. Jürgen  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

swell

  1. ^ Ordinance, the boundaries of the suburbs, and the application of the provisions on the conditions affected by it
  2. ↑ see also the data from the Society for Leprosy on Medieval Leprosoria in Schleswig-Holstein under Archived Copy ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . The year the infirmary in front of the Mühlentor was founded is 1260. A total of three infirmary hospitals are recorded for Lübeck, the one in Travemünde being included in Lübeck. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.muenster.org
  3. ↑ Statistical Office for Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein: Directory of general education schools in Schleswig-Holstein 2019/2020
  4. ↑ https://www.ln-online.de/Thema/Specials/Schulen-in-Luebeck/Luebecks-Grundschulen/St.-Juergen/Schule-Wulfsdorf accessed on June 21, 2020
  5. ↑ https://www.ln-online.de/Thema/Specials/Schulen-in-Luebeck/Luebecks-Grundschulen/St.-Juergen/Grundschule-Niederbuessau accessed on June 21, 2020