Strecknitz mental institution
The Strecknitz Sanatorium was a psychiatric clinic in the Hanseatic city of Lübeck . It was set up before the First World War and existed until the Nazi era .
Prehistory of psychiatry in Lübeck
In the Middle Ages sick before were psychiatrically castle gate and the Mill Gate outside the Luebeck city fortifications in unprotected against the weather Toll boxes kept. In 1479, the Lübeck council clerk Peter Monnik campaigned for the accommodation in one of the inner towers of the mill gate of the Lübeck city fortifications. For the first time in 1601 the city council built a madhouse at the infirmary of St. Jürgen , with cells in which the inmates were fed by the city.
It was only in the course of the Enlightenment in the 18th century that there was an understanding of humane custody with spiritual support and in 1788 an insane asylum was built in Lübeck on Wakenitzstrasse, which was supported by civic engagement and donations. At the beginning of the 19th century, from around 1815 onwards, there was also an understanding of the need for treatment of the inmates and the Lübeck doctor Carl Philipp Gütschow (1794–1838) was appointed as a contract doctor of the facility in 1819. Under his successor Bernhard Georg Eschenburg (1811–1886) it was possible for the first time to speak of a psychiatric hospital in the modern sense, which in 1858 was taken over by the Lübeck state as the sponsor and until the opening of the new Strecknitz sanatorium by its medical directors Oskar Wattenberg and Johannes Enge Persisted.
Strecknitz mental institution
The sanatorium was built in 1912 according to the designs of Carl Mühlenpfordt by the Lübeck senior building officer Johannes Baltzer in the style of homeland security architecture with thematic reference to the large estates in Ostholstein on the grounds of the Lübeck city estate Strecknitz . The reform concept was widely recognized and the institution looked after 1,500 patients. A state treaty concluded with the sister city of Hamburg in 1930 led to the expansion of bed capacity at Hamburg's expense by 400 beds, which were occupied by patients from Hamburg who could no longer be admitted there due to overcrowding in the corresponding facilities.
In September 1941, 605 inmates of the Strecknitz sanatorium were picked up at the instigation of the National Socialists, brought to Eichberg and also to Weilmünster in Hesse and murdered there ( Aktion Brandt ).
Conversion
The buildings that were freed in this way were occupied by victims of the air raids on Hamburg as part of Operation Gomorrah in 1943 and used as an alternative hospital in Hamburg because the Eilbek hospital there had been destroyed. During the war, it was converted into the East Hospital of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck, whose population almost doubled, initially due to the armaments industry, but then increasingly due to the influx of refugees. The City Hospital East became the Medical Academy and thus today's university. The remaining buildings are used today by the University of Lübeck and the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein , the water and clock tower of the former sanatorium is now the common memorial and landmark . In 1912 he received the council and children's bell of the Marienkirche, cast in 1650 by the council founder Anton Wiese .
literature
- Baltzer: The new sanatorium in Strecknitz near Lübeck . In: Zeitschrift für Bauwesen , Vol. 63, 1913, Sp. 545–568 ( digitized version of the Central and State Library Berlin ).
- Peter Delius: The end of Strecknitz: the Lübeck sanatorium and its dissolution in 1941; a contribution to the social history of psychiatry under National Socialism. Kiel 1988. (Publications of the Advisory Board for the History of the Labor Movement and Democracy in Schleswig-Holstein; Vol. 2). X, 268 pp.
- Antjekathrin Graßmann (Hrsg.): Madhouse and Sanatorium Strecknitz in: Lübeck-Lexikon . Schmidt-Römhild Lübeck 2006, ISBN 3-7950-7777-X
- Kathrin Schepermann and Horst Dilling: Fates of psychiatric patients at the Lübeck Sanatorium Strecknitz in the Third Reich: Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 2005
Individual evidence
- ↑ After several renovations in the 19th century, the building still exists today and is a listed building .
- ↑ † 1838; in Buddenbrooks as Dr. Grabow mentioned; Son of the mayor and municipal lawyer Anton Diedrich Gütschow
- ↑ Institution doctor 1838–1886
- ↑ as plastered buildings , see picture of the tower
- ↑ For the history of the Hamburg mental asylum see Friedrichsberg Hospital with external links to the history of psychiatry in Hamburg.
- ↑ These brick buildings are called Hamburg houses today in terms of their origins .
- ↑ See population development of Lübeck
Web links
- University of Lübeck: History of the Strecknitz Sanatorium
Coordinates: 53 ° 50 ′ 16.2 " N , 10 ° 42 ′ 31.2" E