Regional S-Bahn Bremen / Lower Saxony

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Regional S-Bahn Bremen
Regional S-Bahn Bremen / Lower Saxony
Map of the regional S-Bahn Bremen-Niedersachsen.png
Card and logo
Country Germany
Transport /
tariff association
VBN
Lines 4th
Route length 270 km
Stations 58
Long-distance train stations Bremen Hbf
Oldenburg (Oldb)
Verden (Aller)
Delmenhorst
Hude
Bad Zwischenahn
smallest clock sequence 15 minutes.
Residents in the catchment area approx. 1.1 million
vehicles 35
operator NordWestBahn
Power system 15 kV 16.7 Hz  ~ , overhead line

S-Bahn in Germany

The regional S-Bahn Bremen / Lower Saxony serves a large part of the local rail passenger traffic in the metropolitan region Northwest , which includes the cities of Bremen , Oldenburg and Bremerhaven in addition to some districts in the Bremen area. The Bremen S-Bahn is often mentioned briefly .

As part of this project, the existing regional and suburban traffic on important connections within the city of Bremen and between the surrounding cities of Bremerhaven , Delmenhorst , Twistringen , Nordenham , Oldenburg and Verden (Aller) will be standardized. The official commissioning took place on December 12, 2010.

The service area of ​​the Regio-S-Bahn Bremen / Lower Saxony is completely within the range of the transport association Bremen / Lower Saxony , whose tariff applies.

Lines and operations

Network (as of December 2014)

The network of the NordWestBahn lines around Bremen currently comprises four lines. Of these, the first two lines are diameter lines and the other two radial lines beginning and ending in Bremen Hauptbahnhof :

line route Tact annotation length Express lines on route
(in italics: on partial routes )
Peak hours NVZ
RS 1 Bremen-Farge  - Bremen-Vegesack 30 ' 30 ' since March 30, 2015 all-day traffic to Bremen-Farge 10.4 km
Bremen-Vegesack - Bremen Hbf 15 ' 30 ' peak hours are: Monday to Friday mornings, Saturday lunchtimes, afternoons except Sundays 17.2 km RE 8 , RE 9
Bremen central station - Verden (Aller) 30 ' 30 ' peak hours are: Monday to Friday mornings and afternoons 35.7 km RE 1, RE 8, RB 37 , IC 56
RS 2 Bremerhaven-Lehe  - Bremerhaven Hbf  - Bremen Hbf - Twistringen 60 ' 60 ' HVZ amplifier trains 107.4 km RE 8 , RE 9
RS 3 Bremen Hbf - Oldenburg (Oldb)  - Bad Zwischenahn 60 ' 60 ' between Oldenburg and Bad Zwischenahn in the evenings and Sunday mornings every 120 ' 59.6 km RE 1, RE 19 , IC 56 (as local transport)
RS 4 Bremen central station - Nordenham 60 ' 60 ' 71.3 km RE 1 , RE 19 , IC 56 (as local transport)

RS 1

RS1 in Achim-Baden

The RS 1 diameter line represents the backbone of the Bremen network, as it runs parallel to the Weser through the entire urban area and the south-east adjoining settlement axis in the Verden district. Since December 2007, the NordWestBahn has been offering advance service on the Bremen-Farge-Bremen-Vegesack railway that has been reactivated for passenger traffic . The complete commissioning of the RS 1 took place in December 2011 with the change of operator on the section between Bremen-Vegesack and Verden.

The line has the following stops: Bremen-Farge, Bremen Turnerstraße , Bremen Kreinsloger, Bremen Mühlenstraße, Bremen-Blumenthal, Klinikum Bremen-Nord / Beckedorf, Bremen-Aumund, Bremen-Vegesack, Bremen-Schönebeck, Bremen-St Magnus, Bremen-Lesum , Bremen-Burg (transition to RS 2) , Bremen-Oslebshausen, Bremen-Walle, Bremen Hbf, Bremen-Sebaldsbrück, Bremen-Mahndorf, Achim, Baden (Kr. Verden), Etelsen, Langwedel, Verden (Aller).

On the middle section between Bremen-Vegesack and Bremen Hauptbahnhof of the RS 1 line, every quarter of an hour is offered Monday to Saturday. The section between Vegesack and Farge is served every half hour. The section between Bremen main station and Verden (Aller) station is served every hour, and every half hour during rush hour. The vehicles used are 3 and 5-part units of the Coradia Continental type , and two multiple units in double traction during rush hour.

In summer 2011, the Bremen-Farge-Bremen-Vegesack railway line was electrified. Since mid-December 2011 it has been used by electric multiple units instead of diesel multiple units. The now set up free transfer in the Bremen-Vegesack terminus station was initially only practiced outside of rush hour. The originally planned splitting of the units arriving from Bremen Hauptbahnhof, one of which was to continue to Bremen-Farge, initially came up against unexpected technical and organizational limits.

Since December 2017, the section between Bremen Hbf and Bremen-Vegesack has also been compressed to 15 minutes on Saturday afternoon. At the same time, hourly night traffic was set up on the weekend.

RS 2

The cross-city line RS 2 went into operation on December 12, 2010. It creates a north-south connection and is made up of the former lines R 2 and R 5.

The line has the following stops: Bremerhaven-Lehe, Bremerhaven Hbf, Bremerhaven-Wulsdorf, Loxstedt, Lunestedt, Stubben, Lübberstedt, Oldenbüttel, Osterholz-Scharmbeck, Ritterhude, Bremen-Burg, Bremen Hbf, Bremen-Hemelingen, Dreye, Kirchweyhe, Barrien, Syke, Bramstedt (near Syke), Bassum, Twistringen.

This route is driven every hour, with individual trips being postponed or only running from / to Bremen Hbf.

Coming from the south-east, from Osnabrück and Twistringen, passengers in the Bremen city area will in future be able to change to the RS 1 line and the tram at the new Föhrenstrasse station . The two stops, Bremen-Walle and Bremen-Oslebshausen, which follow the main train station, will only be served by the RS 1, the last joint stop with the possibility of changing trains before continuing to Bremerhaven is at Bremen-Burg train station .

The start of operations in December 2010 was accompanied by considerable problems: the trains had too little capacity, the ticket machines kept breaking down, delivering fancy tickets, and the promised accessibility could not be kept.

RS 3

RS 3 in Bad Zwischenahn

The RS 3 radius line has replaced the previously existing regional train line from Bremen to Oldenburg since December 12, 2010. The line was extended over the active single-track line from Oldenburg Central Station to Bad Zwischenahn .

The line has the following stops: Bad Zwischenahn, Oldenburg-Wechloy, Oldenburg (Oldb.) Hbf, Wüsting, Hude (transition to RS 4) , Bookholzberg, Schierbrok, Hoykenkamp, ​​Delmenhorst (transition to RB 58 towards Osnabrück) , Heidkrug, Bremen- Neustadt, Bremen main station.

The line is operated every hour, with individual journeys only from / to Oldenburg (Oldb.) Hbf. At rush hour, two coupled vehicles are often in use on the route between Oldenburg and Bremen: Before the RS 3 can drive from Oldenburg to Bad Zwischenahn, the front part is uncoupled and parked just west of the station so that it can stop when the train from Bad Zwischenahn arrives to be coupled to this.

The freight trains from and to the Jade-Weser-Port traveling via Oldenburg to Bremen will help determine the line capacity and thus the possible frequency of the passenger trains.

After several postponements of the opening date, the new Oldenburg-Wechloy stop has been approached since June 14, 2015.

RS 4

RS 4 at Brake train station (here in the direction of Bremen Hbf)

On December 12, 2010, the radius line RS 4 to Nordenham succeeded the RegionalExpress trains that had been operated with S-Bahn / regional railcars since the end of 2004.

The line has the following stops: Nordenham, Kleinensiel, Rodenkirchen (Oldb.), Brake / Unterweser, Kirchhammelwarden, Elsfleth, Berne, Hude (transition to RS 3) , Delmenhorst (transition to RB 58 towards Osnabrück) , Bremen Hbf.

The line is served every hour. On December 22, 2014, the Kirchhammelwarden stop in the urban area of ​​Brake was reopened.

Changes to train stations and stops between Bremen Hauptbahnhof and Hude depend on a number of factors, the exact details of which are not yet known. This relates in particular to the double-track section between Bremen and Delmenhorst, which is or will be the only connection between Bremen and Oldenburg, Emsland, East Frisia and the JadeWeserPort in Wilhelmshaven . The plan for a two-system tram line with line number 11 from Bremen to Delmenhorst is no longer being pursued.

vehicles

Coradia Continental of the Nordwestbahn on the RS 3 line in Oldenburg Hbf ...
... and on the RS 4 line in Bremen Hbf

The NordWestBahn sets for operation of the train Bremen railcar type Alstom Coradia Continental a. These include:

  • 18 three-part units of the series 0440.3 (- 0441.3 - 0440.8) and
  • 17 five-part units from the 0440.2 series (- 0441.2 - 0841.2 - 0441.7 - 0440.7).

Furthermore, a Stadler Flirt 3 multiple unit has been in use on loan since 2017 .

history

U-Bahn and S-Bahn

In the 1970s, the state of Bremen planned for the first time an S-Bahn and an U-Bahn network. The basis was the expert opinion of Professors Grabe and Kracke. In addition to an S-Bahn network that was supposed to connect the city with the endpoints in the surrounding districts, the city planned a subway, which, however, did not necessarily run underground, but as an "independent" train should also include the districts . An underground line should run from Delmenhorst via Huchting , airport , city center, university and Hollerstadt to Borgfeld and Lilienthal . Line S 1 was to be run from Schwanewede via the city center through Sebaldsbrück and Mahndorf and via Achim to Verden . The S 2 should connect Osterholz-Scharmbeck via Ritterhude , Marßel ​​and Burg with Findorff , University, Oberneuland and Rotenburg (Wümme) . The third rapid transit railway was planned from Delmenhorst via Huchting , Neustadt , Stadtmitte and Hemelingen to Kirchweyhe , Syke and Twistringen . The temporary committee of the citizenry, which presented these plans after 19 months, presented the result as an alternative to the “ car-friendly city ” with pedestrian zones and a dense network of bus stops in the city center and a network of parking spaces at the end of the public transport lines. Due to financial and technical difficulties as well as political resistance, this concept was not pursued any further.

Network design in the city of Bremen

The basic design of the Bremen S-Bahn dates from the 1970s and envisaged the creation of a monocentric network with three diameter lines almost exclusively on existing railway lines. This would have created a trunk line parallel to the Weser , used by all lines, in the Bremen urban area . The shape of the railway network in the area of ​​the city of Bremen, however, prevents the three lines from being connected directly to six outer branches: Two of the branches reach Bremen Hauptbahnhof from the east, four from the west. One of the planned lines could not have run continuously, but had to change its direction of travel in Bremen Hbf, so that its division into two or three separate lines was obvious. However, residential areas such as the large housing estate Tenever or the municipality of Oyten , which grew up in the east of Bremen in the second half of the 20th century, could not be reached in this way.

To solve this problem, at least three possible solutions, some of which can be combined, were presented at different times:

  • Construction of a railway tunnel between Gartenstadt Vahr and Oberneuland, which connects the residential areas Neue Vahr;
  • Use of a freight train line running across the Weser, which would be connected to the east end of the main line by means of a threading-in and out-going structure called the Mahndorfer curve ;
  • Operation of the critical line as a regional light rail based on the Karlsruhe model , which uses the existing tram tracks in the city and changes to the railway line at a suitable point.

In the end, a tunnel solution was no longer up for discussion, and the other two proposals were also rejected in 2004 and 2005 as too costly. In the network that was finally put out to tender, the east branch, now referred to as the S 5 , was no longer included; instead, the existing stations between Bremen main train station and Rotenburg (Wümme) train station from a local transport line connected to Hamburg in the style of a regional train and a high-speed line in the Kind of a regional express. One reason for this can also be seen in the other tendering process that runs separately from the S-Bahn and is organized by three federal states.

Infrastructure and tact

Network on existing routes

In terms of technical details, the Regional S-Bahn Bremen / Lower Saxony is similar to the S-Bahn systems in Hanover and Rhine-Neckar implemented around the turn of the millennium . Existing regional services are here to work with new, electrically AC - catenary trains running railcars adjusted slightly, but not separated from the rest of regional, long-haul and freight. Only in the area of ​​the main Bremen route are capacity bottlenecks to be alleviated or eliminated through targeted expansions.

Tact

The basic cycle of sixty minutes illustrates the conceptual proximity to the previously existing regional transport offer. On individual branches of the route, however, there are more frequent intervals and overlays to 30 and 15-minute intervals.

Cycle times comparable to other S-Bahn networks are only offered on the route from Bremen-Vegesack to Bremen Hauptbahnhof.

The use of manoeuvrable railcars reduced the travel time on the routes by around five minutes per semi-axis. In some places, the timetable has also been tightened, which, however, makes it susceptible to delays that are difficult to reduce: Lines 1 and 2 only stop for three minutes in Bremen main station and in Oldenburg there is a strong interdependence for the RS-3 train pair (the Departure to Bad Zwischenahn is already delayed if the RS 3 from Bad Zwischenahn is only one minute late)

Railway stations and stops

Unlike in other S-Bahn networks, the stops and stations of the Regio-S-Bahn are not marked or signposted as such. The green S-Bahn symbol known from other German S-Bahn networks is only used on the information board in the main hall of Bremen's main train station. Likewise, the regional S-Bahn trains in Bremen's main station do not leave their own platforms, but use the platforms that are also used by other rail traffic. For a long time, the loudspeaker announcements did not refer to the S-Bahn type of train, as is usual in other large cities, but to the train operator Nordwestbahn. The line designation is now mentioned in the announcements, for example RS 1 . The train type is still not mentioned.

After many train stations and stops have been modernized, most of them are now in a good, mostly barrier-free condition and have weather protection facilities. As a major expansion, a number of new access points are to be created in several stages of implementation or the location of existing ones is to be changed so that surrounding settlements can be developed or other means of transport can be better connected. The platforms at the stations and stops will be raised to a uniform level of 76 centimeters in order to make the vehicles barrier-free.

The modernization program financed by the Municipal Transport Financing Act (GVFG) as part of the RS 1 was able to convert all stations to be barrier-free by the end of 2013. The exception is the Sebaldsbrück station, which is to be closed. On the RS 2, the Oldenbüttel and Lübberstedt train stations were modernized in connection with the seaport hinterland transport measure . Furthermore, the stations in Nordenham , Brake , Hude , Kirchweyhe , Syke , Bassum , Twistringen and Osterholz-Scharmbeck were brought up to date on train 2 through the Lower Saxony is program . The remaining stations Elsfleth , Bookholzberg , Schierbrok and Hoykenkamp have been expanded to be barrier-free by the regional stopping concept of the Bremen area (lines 2 to 4), which is expected to be available by 2020. A barrier-free conversion is planned for the stations Bremen-Neustadt, Bremerhaven-Wulsdorf , Heidkrug and Bremen-Hemelingen (will be relocated) in the next few years .

future

Several new stations are to upgrade the S-Bahn network . Furthermore, generous cycle densities are Template: future / in 5 yearsplanned by 2030 . On the RS 1 between Blumenthal and Achim there is to be a full day 15-minute cycle, on the RS 2 a 30-minute cycle between Bremerhaven-Lehe and Syke . The RS 3 to Oldenburg is to run at the same time . In addition, the RS 2 and RS 4 should also stop at all stations.

Due to the increase in freight traffic to the ports in Bremerhaven and Wilhelmshaven as well as the planned more frequent intervals, several expansions are proposed in the area of ​​the RS 1 and RS 2 routes in order to avoid capacity bottlenecks. This involves, for example, a flyover in Burg, a subsequent three-track expansion to Bremen's main train station and a siding in Achim.

Bremen

In the traffic development plan for traffic 2025 - Bremen move! the Senator for Construction, Environment and Transport shows possible new access points. Furthermore, it was in the spring of 2015, the new regional rail decided -Nahverkehrsplan the state of Bremen.

Fixed measures

A new Föhrenstraße stop is planned on two different levels in the east of Bremen. At the intersection of the two railway lines to Hanover and Osnabrück near Hastedter Heerstraße , four tracks are to be equipped with side platforms. An urban redevelopment of Hastedter Heerstraße with relocation of the tram stop is planned. The design of the RS 1 station will depend on the construction of the new railway bridge over Sebaldsbrücker Heerstraße (the so-called Zeppelin tunnel ) from 2019/2020. The Sebaldsbrück train station, only a few hundred meters away , will be shut down. The Hemelingen stop , which is also nearby, will be moved further south to Hannoversche Strasse, which runs in the trough.

A new stop is being built on Achterstrasse in the Horn-Lehe district .

Recommended actions

A train station is planned on Elisabeth-Selbert-Straße with the planning title Arbergen .

On Steubenstrasse, the station of the same name is to be used as a transfer point to a newly planned tram route only for the RS 2.

On the route to Hamburg , two variants for a connection to Bremen University and the surrounding technology park are being examined. A stop in the currently fallow area of ​​Otto-Hahn-Allee would be the more cost-intensive option, as it would first have to be developed with roads and possibly an extension of tram line 8. The cheaper option Achterstraße at the level of the street of the same name is already well developed.

After Bremerhaven , the city is planning the Grambke station for the RS 1 and RS 2 in the Grambker Dorfstrasse area .

Shortly before the state border, the Marßel ​​train station is to be built on the same street.

The Mittelhuchting stop is planned for all regional S-Bahn and regional trains on Brokhuchtinger Landstrasse .

Lower Saxony

A new station is to be built in the Achim district of Uphusen in the direction of Verden on the RS 1 .

In the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2030 , structural changes at the Nienburg (Weser) station are planned, which should enable a connection to the regional S-Bahn.

Call for applications from 2022 to 2036

Tenders for the regional S-Bahn network began in 2018. The tender provides for the RS 1, RS 2 and RS 4 lines with unchanged routes for around 6.38 million train kilometers per year. The RS 3 line is to serve the Wilhelmshaven - Oldenburg Hbf - Delmenhorst - Bremen Hbf route in the future. The route Bad Zwischenahn - Oldenburg Hbf - Delmenhorst - Bremen Hbf takes over a new line RS 3X. The RB76 Rotenburg (Wümme) - Verden (Aller) line will be included in the sub-network of the RSBN, but will continue to operate as a regional train.

operator

In March 2008, following a Europe-wide tender by the Lower Saxony regional transport company (LNVG), NordWestBahn was selected as the operator of the Bremen S-Bahn. Several railway companies had applied to operate the S-Bahn, including a. also the DB Regio , Keolis and the Bremer Straßenbahn AG . NordWestBahn was ahead of its competitors in terms of both price and quality.

The German Railways (DB) had challenged the proper conduct of the procurement procedure and was therefore passed as the only competitors in revision. DB intended to take part in a new tendering process with the DB Heidekrautbahn , which is not bound by tariffs . In the meantime, the group management announced plans to close the Sebaldsbrück railway repair shop in the event of another assignment , as it would then no longer be profitable. This is surprising insofar as only diesel locomotives are serviced in the plant , but these are not used on the route network at all.

The procurement chamber in Lüneburg decided in May 2008 that the award decision should be annulled due to a ruling by the European Court of Justice on the procurement law of Lower Saxony. Against this decision of the public procurement tribunal, the LNVG lodged an appeal with the Higher Regional Court of Celle. After negotiations before the Senate of the Higher Regional Court on July 15, 2008, the latter advised DB Regio AG to withdraw its application. On July 25, 2008, Deutsche Bahn AG announced that it would withdraw its request for review. The contract for the expansion and operation of the regional S-Bahn network from 2010 onwards went to Nordwestbahn.

Metronome to Hamburg

Original planning

The then regional train from Twistringen to Rotenburg (Wümme) was to be divided. The northern section from Bremen main station to Rotenburg was to be taken over by an S-Bahn line known as the S 5, the southern part by the new S 2 from Bremerhaven-Lehe to Twistringen. The S 5 did not go into operation in the implemented concept of the regional S-Bahn.

Current situation

For this purpose, in addition to the previous trains operated by the metronom Eisenbahngesellschaft (comparable to the RegionalExpress category), the previous regional trains in the direction of Rotenburg to Hamburg were extended and run with more modern vehicle material. The area in which the Bremen / Lower Saxony transport association applies is part of the Bremen S-Bahn system in terms of its technical functionality. Since the states of Bremen, Lower Saxony and Hamburg do not have a joint state treaty for rail-bound public transport, a new contract was required for this tender. In the 2009 tender by the Lower Saxony regional transport company, the route belongs to the Hanse network. Since December 2010, instead of regional trains, Metronom trains have been running twice as often between Bremen and Hamburg as before. There is a fast connection (RE 4 since 2014) between the two Hanseatic cities, whereby only the stations Bremen Hauptbahnhof, Rotenburg / Wümme, Tostedt, Buchholz / Nordheide, Hamburg-Harburg and Hamburg Hauptbahnhof are served, the journey time is around 68 minutes. The slower connection (called regional metronome until December 2013, RB 41 since December) has a travel time of around 82 minutes. These trains stop at all train stations between Bremen and Hamburg. At times there were considerations to extend the Hamburg S-Bahn into the southern Lower Saxony area, also in the direction of Bremen. These plans will not be pursued any further.

Planning according to VEP 2025

According to current planning, the then planned S 5 should be introduced as RS 5 in the same way. The new line is to compress the existing metronome to Hamburg (with stops at all train stations) every 60 minutes, so that there is a half-hourly service to Rotenburg.

literature

  • Ostbremer Rundschau from June 16, 1971 on the history

Web links

Commons : Regio-S-Bahn Bremen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. The NordWestBahn is coming: The new regional S-Bahn network starts on December 12th. ( Memento from September 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) On: bremerhaven.de, November 24, 2010. Retrieved on March 5, 2013
  2. Vehicles at the regional S-Bahn. Retrieved November 11, 2019 .
  3. Tickets from Lunestedt to Ritterhude via Frelsdorf (this is on the EVB route to Hamburg) or from Lunestedt to Loxstedt via Bremerhaven / Wulsdorf (that is two stations in the direction of Bremerhaven and then one back)
  4. ^ "Crowd like in a cattle wagon", Weserkurier from January 6, 2011
  5. "... and today the students are joining them", Osterholzer Kreisblatt, dated January 6, 2011
  6. "Only the toilets are really big", topic page of the Nordsee-Zeitung of January 8, 2011
  7. Radio Bremen, “buten und binnen” of January 6, 2011
  8. Only four minutes by train to Wechloy Nordwest-Zeitung on June 15, 2015
  9. Report opening Kirchhammelwarden
  10. Eurailpress message from September 25, 2008: Coradia Continental for S-Bahn Bremen ( Memento from September 27, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  11. Eurailpress message of October 2, 2008: Alstom and Veolia confirm S-Bahn order ( Memento of October 5, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ^ Report train stations Bremen citizenship 2013
  13. Press release Deutsche Bahn ( Memento of March 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ^ Map of Lower Saxony is on train 2
  15. Presentation of the reconstruction of the regional S-Bahn stations ( memento from March 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  16. Reconstruction of Elsfleth train station ( Memento from August 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  17. ^ Bookholzberg station report
  18. Map of the regional stop concept in the Bremen area (lines 2 to 4)
  19. ^ Report on the renovation of breakpoints RS 3
  20. Study of the Bremen node load
  21. Bremen Transport Development Plan 2025
  22. Local public transport map of the state of Bremen  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bauumwelt.bremen.de
  23. Planning of the Föhrenstrasse stop
  24. ^ Report on the new construction of the EÜ Zeppelin tunnel with planning for the S-Bahn station
  25. Planning of the local advisory board. From page 6 and 31
  26. East tram connection: Re-interpretation of the documents from August 22, 2018. Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, accessed on February 9, 2019 (planning of the Stresemannstraße / Steubenstraße tram route ).
  27. Planning of the university stop
  28. TV report Haltpunkt Universität ( Memento from March 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  29. Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2030. Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure, p. 162, serial. No. 3, project no. 2-003-V03 , accessed December 16, 2019 .
  30. https://ted.europa.eu/TED/notice/udl?uri=TED:NOTICE:41825-2018:TEXT:DE:HTML&src=0
  31. https://www.bauumwelt.bremen.de/sixcms/media.php/13/L_TOP_09g_BdV%2BSPNV_Bericht_2018.pdf
  32. Press release on the award decision for the Regio-S-Bahn ( Memento from March 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 523 KiB)
  33. Cancellation of the award decision for the regional S-Bahn, May 15, 2008 (PDF; 1.8 MiB)
  34. If Nordwestbahn comes to the train, Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.neue-oz.de
  35. LNVG: Deutsche Bahn withdraws application for review ( Memento from December 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  36. Concept VEP 2025 (page 25, no.E.15)