S-Bahn Cologne

The articles S-Bahn Rhein-Ruhr and S-Bahn Cologne overlap thematically. Help me to better differentiate or merge the articles (→  instructions ) . To do this, take part in the relevant redundancy discussion . Please remove this module only after the redundancy has been completely processed and do not forget to include the relevant entry on the redundancy discussion page{{ Done | 1 = ~~~~}}to mark. Prinz von Hombruch ( discussion ) 18:26, 14 Nov. 2018 (CET)

	S-Bahn Cologne
Network of the S-Bahn Cologne (still without S19 and S23 as well as changed routes S12 / S13) Country Germany Transport / tariff association VRS Lines 5 Route length 239 km Stations 65 Long-distance train stations 5 Tunnel stations 3 smallest clock sequence 20 min vehicles ( BR 420 ) BR 423 (S 12) BR 423 (S 11/13/19) BR 620 + 622 (S 23) operator DB Regio Power system 15 kV 16.7 Hz  ~ , overhead line
S-Bahn in Germany

The southern part of the Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn , which is located in the area of ​​the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg (VRS), is called the Cologne S-Bahn . Since 2005, the vehicles have been marked with the label "S-Bahn Köln" by the operator DB Regio . In contrast, the name S-Bahn Rhein-Sieg can be found mainly in older literature .

Lines

With the exception of the S 23, all lines in Cologne jointly travel the approximately three-kilometer trunk route from Cologne Hansaring via Cologne main station and the Hohenzollern Bridge to Cologne Messe / Deutz station . At both ends of the main line make flying junction for a height-free spin-off .

With the exception of the outer branches of the S 12 and the S 13 and S 23 lines, all S-Bahn lines run every 20 minutes on weekdays, with the lines S 6 (S-Bahn Rhein-Ruhr) and S 11 respectively Overlay S 12 and S 13 / S 19 on the shared sections so that between Köln-Nippes (in the rush hour Cologne-Worringen ) and Cologne-Mülheim as well as between Cologne-Ehrenfeld (in the rush hour Horrem ) and Cologne Trimbornstrasse a ten Minute intervals are offered. A night-time journey of the S 13 leads beyond Horrem to Aachen Hauptbahnhof , from where the S 13 takes you back to Troisdorf in the morning to provide the Aachen region with an early connection to Cologne / Bonn Airport .

The following S-Bahn lines operate under the name S-Bahn Cologne:

line	Line route	length	vehicles	own S-Bahn route on VRS area
S 11	Düsseldorf Airport Terminal - Düsseldorf - Neuss  -Cologne-Worringen -Cologne-Chorweiler - Cologne -Bergisch Gladbach	67 km	2 × 423	Cologne-Worringen - Cologne-Longerich, Cologne-Nippes - Cologne-Mülheim
S 12	( Horrem -) Cologne - Porz - Troisdorf  - Siegburg / Bonn  - Hennef  - Herchen  - Au Hennef - Au every hour on workdays, every half hour on Sundays	k. A.	2 x 423 1-2 x 420	Horrem - Cologne Steinstrasse
S 13	( Aachen -) * Düren  - Horrem - Cologne - Cologne / Bonn Airport - Troisdorf * 2 × a day	k. A.	2 × 423	Düren - Cologne Frankfurter Str.
S 19	Düren - Horrem - Cologne - Cologne / Bonn Airport - Troisdorf - Siegburg / Bonn - Hennef - Blankenberg * - Au * Only single trips in the peak hours. Otherwise, due to a lack of infrastructure, only stops during night traffic in Blankenberg Monday to Saturday hourly to Au, otherwise to Hennef or Blankenberg; Night traffic to Au on weekends	k. A.	2 × 423	Düren - Cologne Frankfurter Str.
S 23	Euskirchen  - Rheinbach - Meckenheim - Bonn Euskirchen – Bonn every 30 minutes, Rheinbach – Bonn in rush hour traffic every 15 minutes, s. also Voreifelbahn , connection to the Erfttalbahn (RB 23) every 60 minutes	34 km	620 / in high season partly 620 + 622 / occasionally 2 × 620	Total distance

See also : List of stations on the Cologne S-Bahn

In addition to this offer, there is the S6, which belongs to the Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn, but still uses the Cologne S-Bahn network on its southern route. In addition, the diesel-powered regional train line RB 25 from Cologne Hansaring to Lüdenscheid is sometimes seen as part of the S-Bahn network because it uses the main route built for the S-Bahn in the Cologne area. This is still a preliminary operation, in the medium term this so-called Oberbergische Bahn is to be fully integrated into the S-Bahn network as line S 15.

history

First steps to the S-Bahn

The nucleus was the line S 11, which went into operation on June 1, 1975 and initially only ran between Bergisch Gladbach and Cologne-Chorweiler . The Cologne-Mülheim-Bergisch Gladbach line was electrified for S-Bahn operations . The trains ran from Cologne-Mülheim on existing tracks via Cologne-Deutz and the main train station to Cologne-Longerich, where a new line began to the satellite town of Chorweiler, which is currently under construction .

In Chorweiler, the route ended in a shared tunnel station with the then tram line 9 . As the settlement of Chorweiler progressed, the S 11 was extended two years later to Chorweiler Nord . The vehicles initially used were locomotive-hauled push-pull trains with the 141 series and n-type cars , and later the 420/421 series railcars .

First expansion stage

City-Bahn push-pull train

Push-pull train of the S 11 in Bergisch Gladbach (1989)

On the threatened with abandonment Cologne-Overath railway and the equally endangered sections Overath - Dieringhausen the Siegburg-Olpe railway and Dieringhausen - Gummersbach the Volmetal train began operating test 1984 City-Bahn to the beat traffic with push-pull trains from diesel locomotives of the class 218 and modernized n-car in Special pop paint in pure orange and pebble gray, that is, in accordance with the S-Bahn colors of the German Federal Railroad at that time. With the success of the experiment, the City-Bahn was sometimes seen as a diesel S-Bahn and was partly included in the planning of the Rhein-Sieg S-Bahn.

In the following year, the S 11 was extended from Chorweiler Nord to Cologne-Worringen and from there over the existing route to Neuss and Düsseldorf, creating an initial link to the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn . The newly developed push-pull trains from the 111 series and x-cars were used

1985-1990

line	route
S 11	Düsseldorf - Neuss - Cologne-Worringen - Cologne-Chorweiler - Cologne main station - Bergisch Gladbach

At the end of the 1980s, in preparation for the expansion of the S-Bahn traffic, a new main line was built in Cologne: Starting at the large Gleisdreieck in the west of the main station with the new stop Cologne Hansaring , two new tracks were built next to the existing line through the Eigelsteinviertel.

The main train station (1973–75) and Cologne-Deutz train station (1989–90) each received an additional platform and the Hohenzollern Bridge was expanded to include a third pair of tracks. A flyover in Cologne-Deutz connects the main line to new S-Bahn tracks along existing lines to the north and south.

Second expansion stage

Class 423 multiple unit on the main line in Deutz

After the part of the new buildings on the left bank of the Rhine went into operation in May 1990, there was a major network expansion on June 2, 1991: The S 6 was led from Langenfeld via Leverkusen, Cologne-Mülheim and the new trunk line to Cologne, making the second connection to the Rhine-Ruhr network was established. The new S 12 line ran from Cologne via Troisdorf to Hennef and continued every hour to Au (Sieg). From there, the S 12 trains continued to run as a conventional local train (N) to Siegen . The previous City-Bahn, now known as the Stadt-Express (SE) train type , was also routed over the new main line.

As on the S 11, class 111 locomotives with x-wagons were used on the S 6 , which were later hauled by the 143 series.

On the S 12, modernized n-cars were initially used again, some of which came from the inventory of the City-Bahn to Gummersbach. From May 2000 onwards, the class 423 multiple units were gradually converted.

1991-2002

line	route
S 6	Cologne Hansaring - Cologne main station - K-Deutz - K-Mülheim - Leverkusen - Langenfeld - Düsseldorf - Essen
S 11	Düsseldorf - Neuss - K-Worringen - K-Chorweiler - K-Nippes - Cologne Hansaring - Cologne Hbf - K-Deutz - K-Mülheim - Bergisch Gladbach
S 12	K-Nippes - Cologne Hansaring - Cologne main station - K-Deutz - K Trimbornstraße - Porz (Rhine) - Troisdorf - Siegburg - Hennef - Au (Sieg) S-Bahn advance service

Third expansion stage

Class 423 on the winning line

With the expansion of the Cologne – Aachen railway line for high-speed traffic, a separate S-Bahn line was created between Cologne Hansaring and Düren . With the official commissioning of the high-speed line on December 15, 2002, the new line S 13 was created, which initially ran from Düren to Cologne-Deutz.

In the following year, numerous platforms were raised along the Victory Line and the separate S-Bahn line was extended by 4.6 kilometers from the Vingst branch to the Cologne Steinstraße branch. As a result, S-Bahn and ICE traffic were separated. Previously, since the opening of the high-speed line Cologne – Rhine / Main, all train types in this area had used a single pair of tracks with branches at the same level at both ends, which had led to frequent delays.

S 13 in the airport train station

With the commissioning of the airport loop on June 13, 2004, there were significant changes in the S-Bahn network: The S 13 was extended via the Cologne / Bonn Airport station to Troisdorf , and at the same time, after 13 years, the preliminary service of the S 12 ended.

On lines S 11, S 12 and S 13, vehicles from the 423 series were now used continuously every 20 minutes. At the same time, several branches of the line were swapped: the S 6 has since been running to Cologne-Nippes instead of the S 12, and the S 12 has taken over the rush hour traffic booster trips to Horrem. As a result, there are now two pairs of lines that travel the same routes on longer sections and can therefore be synchronized with one another.

Development from 2005

Lettering "S-Bahn Köln", 2008

For the World Youth Day 2005 in Cologne, Deutsche Bahn AG used the name S-Bahn Cologne for the first time on network maps and timetable posters, and since 2008 also on vehicles.

With the timetable change on December 13, 2009, there were changes in the entire network of the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn: The S 7 line was abandoned or split up, the northern section between Düsseldorf Central Station and Düsseldorf Airport Terminal was connected with the S 11 line. The change of the final stop between Düsseldorf-Wehrhahn in off-peak hours and Wuppertal-Vohwinkel in rush hour was no longer necessary. This gave the cities on the left bank of the Rhine such as Neuss and Dormagen a direct connection to Düsseldorf Airport.

Since the timetable change in December 2014, trains of the S 13 have now been running as S 19 from Horrem or Cologne-Ehrenfeld via Troisdorf to Hennef during rush hour. The S 13 was extended by one station to the west, from Cologne Hansaring to Cologne-Ehrenfeld.

With the timetable change in December 2015, lines S 12 and S 13/19 swapped their western line branches and the S 19 was extended every hour to Herchen on weekdays, which was extended to Au from the timetable change in December 2016. Together with the S 12, there has been a largely continuous half-hourly service to Au since then. The resulting additional demand for vehicles is covered by the use of additional trains from the 420 series , which run regularly on the S 12 except on Sundays. This operational concept is due to the fact that the 420s can only reach a top speed of 120 km / h, which is sufficient for the operation of the S 12 line. Lines S 13 and S 19, on the other hand, contain sections that are scheduled to travel faster than 120 km / h, such as between Horrem and Düren as well as on the airport loop, which means that vehicles from the 423 series with a top speed of 140 km / h can only be used. h conditional.

Also with the timetable change in December 2015, the first-class compartments were abolished in the vehicles that run on lines S 12, S 13 and S 19 due to a lack of demand; these lines now run exclusively with second class.

With the timetable change in December 2016, the situation was adjusted over the weekend. One journey per hour on line S 13 is now being extended as S 19 to Hennef. The route of the S 12, which previously only ran to Hennef, now runs to Herchen in order to run every half hour on the Hennef-Herchen section on the weekend.

Todays situation

Class 420 multiple unit as S 12 in Cologne Messe / Deutz (May 2016)

Class 420 multiple unit in the airport station as S 12 (passage without stopping due to a construction site diversion)

While vehicles with a uniform entry height of 96 centimeters are used on most S-Bahn lines, platforms with this height were only built on routes on which no other passenger or freight traffic takes place as planned. In addition to the outer branch of the S 13 / S 19 to Düren, there are mostly 76 centimeter high platforms on all sections of the route.

With the introduction of the S-Bahn, the lines of the S 12 and S 13 lines were completely modernized, so the stations there are in very good condition.

The lines of lines S 6 and S 11, on the other hand, have not been renovated since the S-Bahn was introduced there in the 1980s; the stations are mostly still in their original state. In December 2010, at least new platform lighting was installed at many S-Bahn stations on these lines, and some of the platform entrances were also given new lighting. At the end of 2015, old stop signs at the S-Bahn stops in Cologne-Nippes and Cologne Geldernstraße / Parkgürtel were replaced by new ones.

Multi-section signaling was implemented on the trunk line from Cologne Hansaring to Deutz using conventional H / V signals . The Ks signal system was not yet available when commissioning. The signals are there at half the braking distance from one another. Distant signals show a "hold" on through to the next signal. In this case, the main signal in between indicates by means of a marker light that it is operationally switched off.

Ongoing construction work

Numerous construction measures are taking place within the Cologne S-Bahn network. In some cases, these are only indirectly recognizable, such as for the Rhein-Ruhr-Express (RRX), for which new S-Bahn tracks were built to correct the distortion in plan approval section 1 (PFB 1: Cologne – Langenfeld).

S-Bahn line Troisdorf – Bonn-Oberkassel

The planning approval procedure for the extension of the S 13 from Troisdorf to Bonn-Oberkassel has been completed and building permits have been in place since October 2013. On December 11, 2014, the Rhineland Local Transport Association, Deutsche Bahn and the state signed the implementation and financing contract for the project. The groundbreaking ceremony and the start of construction took place on November 29, 2016, with preliminary work in Vilich beginning in 2014. The start of the first stretch to Bonn-Beuel is expected by the end of 2026 , the overall commissioning by 2028 and the completion of the project by 2030.

The route is to run from Troisdorf along the right-hand Rhine route via Bonn-Beuel to Bonn-Oberkassel . In addition to the existing stations, two new stops are planned in Bonn-Ramersdorf and Bonn-Vilich, the latter is to be implemented as a tower station with the Bonn – Siegburg light rail .

The RB 27, which is currently running on the right-hand Rhine route, will only run between Bonn-Oberkassel and Koblenz Hauptbahnhof after the S-Bahn is completed, and between Cologne Hauptbahnhof and Koblenz Hauptbahnhof during rush hour .

Planning

Planned target network in 2030 (as of 2020)

Cologne railway ring between Cologne main station (above) and Aachener Straße (below, not quite in the picture). In the Cologne West train station

Cologne is the busiest railway junction in North Rhine-Westphalia and at the same time overloaded. All regional trains to Cologne deliver top performance on the busy timetable routes. Since this leads to traffic jams and delays, the network around Cologne is to be greatly expanded.

Cologne S-Bahn Westring

The Cologne S-Bahn-Westring project (also known as Cologne Westspange since the mid-2010s) is about upgrading the left Rhine route between Cologne and Bonn-Mehlem to four tracks, with the two new tracks being purely S-Bahn tracks . New stops are to be created in Cologne. These include, on the one hand, the Cologne Aachener Strasse stop between the Cologne West and Cologne South stations, and the two Cologne Weißhausstrasse and Cologne-Klettenberg stops between the Cologne South and Hürth-Kalscheuren stations .

The S 15 could run over this route from Gummersbach to Hürth-Kalscheuren and from there be extended over the Eifel route to Euskirchen and on to Kall , whereby the S 15 would replace the current lines RB 24 and RB 25. A new S 17 will also replace the Rhein-Wupper-Bahn (RB 48) between Cologne and Bonn-Mehlem along the S-Bahn-Westring . A feasibility study commissioned by Nahverkehr Rheinland suggests that the Left Rhine route should be upgraded to four tracks in the sections between Hürth-Kalscheuren and Brühl Güterbahnhof, between Sechtem and Roisdorf and between Bonn Bad Godesberg and Bonn Mehlem, and three-track in the other sections to create a 20- To be able to realize minute intervals. On February 11, 2019, a financing agreement was signed for further planning (Westspange Cologne (phase 1 and 2; value 67 million euros) and the expansion of the S11 (phase 3 and 4; value 32 million euros)). The state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the NVR are financing the planning that is to be carried out by DB Netze. The construction of a second platform in Cologne Hansaring is publicly mentioned for the first time.

Stop at Cologne Aachener Strasse

The S-Bahn station Köln Aachener Straße on the street of the same name in Cologne will  offer transfer options to the trams 1 and 7. The tram stop of the Cologne tram in this area is now called Moltkestrasse and has a turning loop that enables trams to be turned from the east.

Stop at Cologne Weißhausstrasse

The stop will be in Cologne on the street of the same name.

Cologne-Klettenberg stop

The Cologne-Klettenberg stop will be on the border between Cologne-Klettenberg and Cologne-Zollstock at the point where the S-Bahn crosses the Klettenberg belt / Zollstock belt. There he will create a transfer option to an extended tram line 13 . This currently ends in Sülz at the Sülzgürtel stop. This line 13 extension should also cross the tram line 12 at the Zollstockgürtel stop .

Expansion of the S 11 and further S-Bahn platforms in the main station and Messe / Deutz

As part of the overarching planning for the expansion of the Cologne node, the planning agreement for the expansion of the S 11 Cologne-Dellbrück - Bergisch Gladbach was decided in September 2016 . For this purpose, in addition to the double-track expansion of the line from Cologne-Dellbrück to Bergisch Gladbach, a new S-Bahn platform is to be built at Cologne Central Station and Cologne Messe / Deutz. The Hohenzollern Bridge is not to be expanded. The construction of a new stop Köln-Kalk West (S 6 and S 11) is planned in Cologne-Kalk. In addition, improvements in signaling and interlocking technology and at some stopping points are planned. After the expansion, a 10-minute cycle will be set up on the S 11 during rush hour. The plans are estimated at 9.5 million euros and the total costs are estimated at 200 million euros.

Extension S 12 to Bedburg (Erft)

On August 4, 2017, Deutsche Bahn, the Ministry of Transport of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia and Nahverkehr Rheinland signed a planning agreement to convert the Erftbahn (RB 38) from Horrem via Bergheim to Bedburg to the S-Bahn (S 12). This means that the RB-38 service, which runs every hour between Horrem and Cologne Messe / Deutz, is to be eliminated and the chronically overloaded Cologne railway junction is to be relieved with one less line. The planning costs are around 4 million euros. The extended S 12 is to be served every 20 minutes. According to the previous calculation, 32 million euros should be invested. The largest cost item at 15 million euros is the construction of a bridge at Horrem station over the Cologne – Aachen long-distance line. In addition, the line to Bedburg is to be electrified, the stops in Bergheim and existing overtaking and meeting options on the single-lane route are to be expanded. The project is not expected to be completed before 2024 .

Further planning

• A new stop at Köln-Mülheim Berliner Straße is to be built along the S 6.
• As S 16, a connection from Leverkusen via Cologne Messe / Deutz, the planned west and south ring with the terminus Cologne Bonner Wall is to be set up shortly before the south bridge. For the connection of the future terminus at Bonner Wall with the underground station there , preliminary work was carried out during the construction of the north-south light rail . In addition, the S 16 is to be extended over the Cologne Südbrücke and Cologne / Bonn Airport to Au (Sieg) in the long term .
• The lines from Cologne via Euskirchen to Trier and from Cologne to Lüdenscheid are to be electrified. In the closer metropolitan area of ​​Cologne, the S 15 will then run from Kall to Gummersbach .

Target network 2030+

Target network 2030+

line	route
S 6	Mönchengladbach - Grevenbroich - Cologne-Müngersdorf - Cologne-Ehrenfeld - Cologne-Hansaring - Cologne Hbf - Cologne-Messe / Deutz - Cologne-Mülheim - Leverkusen - Langenfeld - Düsseldorf - Essen
S 11	Düsseldorf Airport - Düsseldorf Hbf - Neuss - Cologne-Worringen - Cologne-Chorweiler - Cologne-Nippes - Cologne-Hansaring - Cologne Hbf - Cologne-Messe / Deutz - Cologne-Mülheim - Bergisch Gladbach
S 12	Bedburg - Horrem - Cologne-Müngersdorf - Cologne-Ehrenfeld - Cologne-Hansaring - Cologne main station - Cologne-Messe / Deutz - Porz (Rhine) - Troisdorf - Siegburg - Hennef - Au (Sieg)
S 13	Düren - Horrem - Cologne-Müngersdorf - Cologne-Ehrenfeld - Cologne-Hansaring - Cologne Central Station - Cologne-Messe / Deutz - Cologne / Bonn Airport - Porz / Wahn - Troisdorf - Bonn-Beuel - Bonn-Oberkassel
S 15	Kall (Eifel) - Euskirchen - Cologne South - Cologne-Hansaring - Cologne main station - Cologne-Messe / Deutz - Overath - Gummersbach
P. 16	Leverkusen - Cologne-Mülheim - Cologne-Messe / Deutz - Cologne Hbf - Cologne-Hansaring - Cologne-South - Cologne-Bonner Wall - Cologne-Poll - Cologne / Bonn Airport - Cologne-Porz / Wahn - Troisdorf - Siegburg - Hennef - Au (Victory)
S 17	Köln-Messe / Deutz - Köln Hbf - Köln-Hansaring - Cologne South - Brühl - Bonn Hbf
S 18	Cologne / Bonn Airport - Cologne-Porz / Wahn - Brühl - Bonn Hbf
S 23	Bonn-Mehlem - Bonn main station - Euskirchen - Bad Münstereifel

literature

• Walter Jacob: S-Bahn Cologne - Third stage of construction and operation in "Die Bundesbahn 62" (1986), pp. 395–401

Web links

Commons : S-Bahn Cologne  - collection of images

• sbahnkoeln.de - Website for expansion plans for the Cologne S-Bahn
• radioerft.de/… —Development perspective for the S-Bahn Cologne from 2020/2030, excerpt from the regional rail transport planning concept 2016-2030

• Tender planning of the NVR for the years 2023 to 2029

Individual evidence

1. ↑ S-Bahn network 2019 Rhein-Sieg transport association. (PDF; 838 kB) Line network map. Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg , accessed on January 6, 2019 . 
2. ↑ Feasibility study on the expansion of the Oberbergische Bahn (RB 25) on vareo.de, accessed on January 7, 2018
3. ↑ Schnellverkehr in Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg 2004. (PDF) December 3, 2003, archived from the original on March 8, 2005 ; Retrieved December 7, 2013 .  
4. ^ Express traffic in the Rhein-Sieg transport association 2005. (PDF) December 11, 2004, accessed on May 23, 2010 .  
5. ↑ Changes to the timetable change on December 14, 2014. Accessed on December 14, 2014 .  
6. ↑ SPNV train path registration for the 2016 annual timetable. (PDF) (No longer available online.) NVR 5th Association Assembly, formerly in the original ; Retrieved November 3, 2017 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  
7. ↑ Changes to the timetable change on December 13, 2015. VRS, accessed on December 13, 2015 .  
8. ↑ Planning law for the S 13 is available. Federal Railway Office, November 21, 2013, accessed on November 24, 2013 .  
9. ↑ Start of construction of the 3 to 4-track expansion of the railway line from Troisdorf to Bonn-Oberkassel. DB press office, Düsseldorf, November 29, 2016, accessed on November 29, 2016 .  
10. ↑ Expansion of the S 13 from Troisdorf to Bonn-Oberkassel begins in 2017. (PDF) Press release 902/12/2014. State Chancellery of the State Government of North Rhine-Westphalia, December 12, 2014, accessed on April 28, 2015 .  
11. ↑ Lars Heyltjes: Happy ending for the S-Bahn line 13: Bonn has a direct connection to the airport. In: Bonner Rundschau. December 12, 2014, accessed April 28, 2015 .  
12. ↑ SPNV - Local Transport Plan 2016. (PDF) Nahverkehr Rheinland GmbH, March 2016, p. 63 , accessed on October 16, 2016 .  
13. ↑ ^{a b} Cologne railway junction. (PDF) Measures against the collapse - fit for the future. Nahverkehr Rheinland GmbH u. DB Netz AG, April 2015, accessed on November 3, 2017 .  
14. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} SPNV local transport plan 2016. (PDF) In: nvr.de. Zweckverband Nahverkehr Rheinland , March 2016, accessed on December 9, 2018 . 
15. ↑ Template no. NVR-2/2017 in the local transport association Rhineland. (PDF) Retrieved April 20, 2017 . 
16. ↑ https://www.nvr.de/aktuelles-presse/pressemmeldung/detail/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1058&cHash=9c4b1eec8de4c7d6e936ccfd8e297b6d
17. ↑ RB 38 becomes S-Bahn line 12 to Bedburg . Press release. State government of North Rhine-Westphalia, August 4, 2017, accessed on September 26, 2017 . 
18. ↑ Manfred Funken: S-Bahn S 12: Extension of the line from Horrem to Bedburg seems realistic. In: Kölnische Rundschau. August 5, 2017. Retrieved August 6, 2017 . 
19. ↑ https://www.nvr.de/fileadmin/Dateien/PDF/NVR_BahnknotenKoeln_Broschuere2016.pdf