Pop paint

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The pop painting , and Pop-paint , pop colors , pop colors , pop color scheme , pop color scheme , pop color test or pop design called, was an end in 1969 by the former German Federal Railways (DB) introduced varnishing concept for Passenger cars and railcars . However, the experimental project could not prevail and was replaced in 1974, with the exception of the S-Bahn . The designation of the design concept, based on Pop Art , which emerged around the same time , only established itself in later years and was never officially used by the Deutsche Bundesbahn.

prehistory

The VT 10 551 from 1953 already had essential design elements of the later pop paint

In the 1960s, the majority of the vehicles of the Deutsche Bundesbahn were plain and conservative, muted and dirt-resistant colors. Aside from the black steam locomotives , electric locomotives and passenger cars were usually RAL 6020 chrome oxide green or RAL 5013 cobalt blue, and diesel locomotives , railcars, dining cars and sleeping cars were mostly RAL 3004 purple red . In addition, there were the unpainted stainless steel local transport cars , the so-called silver coins . Only the comfortable Trans-Europ-Express (TEE) trains, with their two-tone paintwork in ivory and purple, have clearly stood out from this since 1957, which, however, was based on an international agreement with the neighboring railway authorities. Before that, the VT 10 551 night multiple unit purchased in 1953 had a color scheme with silver car bodies, purple window band and purple red decorative lines above and below the window band, similar to the later pop paint scheme for sleeping and dining cars. However, it remained a short-lived one-off, was not procured in series and was retired in 1960.

The picture was largely the same outside of Germany, with a few exceptions. From 1952 , the Italian State Railways acquired the ETR 250 and ETR 300 “Settebello” electric express trains in gray with a green ribbon window and also repainted the older ETR 200s accordingly; the ALe 601s delivered from 1961 received the same color scheme. The Japanese State Railways and the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) operated their respective parade trains Shinkansen and the 4010 series for the Transalpin with a very light basic color and a dark blue window band from 1964 and 1965 respectively .

  • The Italian Settebello from 1952

  • A first generation Japanese Shinkansen from 1964

  • An Austrian class 4010 multiple unit, procured for the Transalpin from 1965

In keeping with the zeitgeist of the time , the Deutsche Bundesbahn, at the height of the hippie movement and in the year after the emergence of the 1968 movement, was considering how to give the rest of its vehicle material a fresher, modern, friendlier and, above all, a brighter look and thus a new one Public awareness. Similar to the TEE, a two-tone design was also planned, with the division between the dark and the light area being exactly the opposite.

application

420 series

A class 420 railcar in pure orange-pebble gray pop paint
A class 420 railcar in green-blue-pebble-gray pop paint

To improve the situation described above, the Deutsche Bundesbahn set up a so-called Design Center in 1969 , which was subordinate to the Bundesbahn-Zentralamt (BZA) in Munich. It should also express the "DB's turn to the market " in its appearance, as had been the case since 1963 with the help of standardized pictograms . As a first test measure, the new Design Center had the ribbon windows of the three prototypes of the new 420 series delivered at the end of 1969 and the beginning of 1970, including the associated intermediate car of the 421 series, in three different color codes:

The assignment to the three networks was based on a vote among passengers carried out at the beginning of 1970 , which took place in Düsseldorf , Frankfurt am Main and Munich . In accordance with the then current motto " Dare to more democracy ", based on a quote from Willy Brandt's government declaration of October 28, 1969, the Deutsche Bundesbahn set up special ballot boxes on the trains concerned . Painted in the respective identification color were also a narrow decorative strip below the roof edge and at the level of the car floor, the DB logo and other inscriptions. The car body and the class numbers were uniformly RAL 7032 pebble gray for all three variants, the roofs RAL 7022 umbra gray, the solebar and the underframes RAL 9005 deep black and the first class stripe RAL 1004 golden yellow.

In contrast to the express train passenger cars, the pop paintwork on the 420 series proved itself and ultimately developed into the standard paintwork for the West German alternating current S-Bahn networks. As a result, the pop colors survived, at least on the S-Bahn, until the so-called product colors were introduced in 1986. However, a simplification took place as early as the early 1970s. The carmine red, originally intended exclusively for the Rhine-Main area, was shelved long before the network there went into operation in 1978, among other things to improve the interchangeability of the multiple units between the various S-Bahn networks. The only carmine-red multiple unit always ran in Munich and was first repainted in green-blue / pebble gray in 1981. From 1984 onwards, Munich also adopted the color code pure orange instead of green-blue, although the last green-blue train only disappeared from the scene in 2002. The sets of the Stuttgart S-Bahn, which opened in 1978, were pure orange right from the start.

A special feature was the mixed-colored set 420 122, 420 622 and 421 122, in which initially only one end car was painted green-blue, the middle car and the other end car, however, pure orange. The reason for this was the short-term decision to move the series from the 122nd train to the Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn, for which the pure orange paintwork was intended. At this point, however, the end car 420 122 was already painted green-blue. In later years, the Deutsche Bundesbahn put together other mixed trains due to an accident.

In addition to the very first class 420 train, which was the only one to keep its pure orange-pebble-gray pop paintwork to the end and came to the DB Museum in Nuremberg , the Transport Center of the Deutsches Museum in Munich is preserving the power car 420 002 in its original green-blue-pebble gray paintwork. All other units were scrapped or overmolded.

Express train wagons

In the spring of 1970, the Design Center was commissioned to develop appropriate ideas for express train passenger cars as well. For this purpose, it transferred the color division of the three S-Bahn prototypes to the 26.4-meter-long express train carriages of the type UIC-X , which were then delivered in large numbers , with which the - later so-called - Pop wagons were created. The first test object , however, was a so-called center entry car of the type ABym 411 . It represented four colors at once, but only had foils attached and was never used regularly in this form.

The reason for the introduction of pop colors in express train traffic was, among other things, the impending introduction of long-distance passenger coaches made of largely unpainted, rust-free stainless steel , albeit in Germany via the production of two prototypes by the manufacturer Linke-Hofmann-Busch (LHB) of the types Bwümz 237 and ABwümz 227 did not come out in 1972. The pebble-gray area of ​​the pop car should harmonize as closely as possible with the unpainted surfaces of the stainless steel car. In principle, these did not require any painting, but for design reasons the window strip was still intended for painting. A silver or at least light gray basic color was therefore also suitable for the existing fleet.

In the course of transferring the new color concept from the S-Bahn prototypes to the express train cars, although the upper decorative stripe was omitted, the two well-known passenger car colors were initially used, but now combined with pebble gray surfaces. For presentation at the headquarters of the Deutsche Bundesbahn (HVB) in Frankfurt am Main on June 23, 1970, those responsible created two color samples:

  • Sample train cobalt blue-pebble gray for the D 538/539, Aüm 203 , Büm 232 , Büm 234 and BDüms 273 carriages
  • Sample train chrome oxide green-pebble gray for the express train 670/671 Senator , car composition Aüm 202 , ABüm 223 , Büm 232 and Büm 239

Although the ribbon of windows, which appeared closed due to the pop colors, made the cars look elongated and modern, these first color suggestions did not meet with enthusiasm either from the travelers or internally. Only the pebble gray of the side walls was convincing, but lighter, friendlier colors were desired for the ribbon windows. In the summer of 1970, the designers modified their concept and created a third sample train in the series ABüm 223 , Büm 234 , Bcüm 243 , Bcüm 243 and Düm 902 by August 14, 1970 , which was presented in the Frankfurt (Main) Nied repair shop . Here the wagons already showed the final color selection, only the final decision on the identification color of the couchette wagons should only be made after the results of the practical test. From now on, the basic colors were each assigned to a specific purpose, whereby three other warm colors were added with RAL 2002 blood orange, RAL 4002 red violet and RAL 4005 blue purple :

Historic express train passenger car in chrome oxide green and pebble gray pop paint, 2018
Car type Base color
First class cars and mixed-class cars Blood orange
Second class car and half baggage car Cobalt blue
Full luggage trolley Chromium Oxide Green
Couchette : Cobalt blue, blue purple or red purple
Sleeping car , dining car and car with buffet compartment Purple

The color purple corresponded to the traditional corporate color of Mitropa and the German Sleeping Car and Dining Car Company (DSG). As a special feature, some of the purple dining car had a second decorative strip below the ribbon window.

The colorful appearance quickly found favor with travelers, so that the Deutsche Bundesbahn quickly expanded the experiment with the 13 color sample cars. As early as August 31, 1970, the headquarters ordered the repainting of initially three complete sets, the testing of which began in late autumn of the same year. The train pairs D 512/513, D 576/577 and D 610/611 were fitted with these. In order to be able to form uniform trains, some older cars were repainted accordingly. Among them were also apron wagons of the pre-war design, which at that time were already over 30 years old.

The largest series of Pop express train wagons was finally created between December 1970 and May 1971. Including the two LHB prototypes delivered in June and October 1972 , the last express train wagons ever designed in the Pop design, the result was a total of 146 wagons painted accordingly. but they never all existed at the same time. Of these, 86 were cobalt blue, 26 blood orange, 17 purple red, twelve chromium oxide green, three red purple and two blue purple:

genus Car type origin number Base color
WRümh 132 Dining car New building 01 Purple
WR Add 152 Dining car Repainting ( apron trolley ) 05 Purple
WLABüm 174 Sleeping car Repainting 06th Purple
Aüm 202 1st class seating car Repainting 02 a chromium oxide green, a blood orange
Aüm 203 1st class seating car Repainting 05 one cobalt blue, four blood orange
ABüm 223 1st / 2nd class seat car Repainting 04th one chromium oxide green, three blood orange
ABüm 225 1st / 2nd class seat car partly new building, partly repainted 17th Blood orange
ABwümz 227 1st / 2nd class seat car New building ( LHB prototype ) 01 Blood orange
Büm 232 2nd class seating car Repainting 08th seven cobalt blue, one chromium oxide green
Büm 233 2nd class seating car Repainting 01 Cobalt blue
Büm 234 2nd class seating car partly new building, partly repainted 69 Cobalt blue
Bumz 237 2nd class seating car New building ( LHB prototype ) 01 Cobalt blue
Büm 239 2nd class seating car Repainting 01 Chromium Oxide Green
Bcüm 243 2nd class couchette car Repainting 06th one cobalt blue, three red violet, two blue purple
Bcümk 255 2nd class couchette car with kitchen compartment Repainting 01 Cobalt blue
BDüms 273 2nd class seating car with luggage compartment New building 04th Cobalt blue
BRbuümu 285 2nd class seating car with a buffet compartment New building 05 Purple
Dum 902 Baggage cart Repainting 09 one cobalt blue, eight chromium oxide green

Nevertheless, it was not possible in practice to always use the pop wagons - as actually intended - in thoroughbred sets. In addition, there were no suitably painted locomotives and rail mail cars . Most of the colorful cars drove from Bremen , Osnabrück , Norddeich and Dortmund to Munich, and they could also be found on the Basel - Hamburg route . A little later, the City-D-Trains (DC), a new type of train introduced for the 1973 summer timetable - and abolished again in 1978 - became the main area of application for the Pop-Wagen. The following trains could be formed in pure color:

  • D 516/517
  • D 576/577
  • D 610/611
  • DC 910/915 Emsland
  • DC 912/913 East Frisia
  • DC 913/914 Münsterland
  • DC 918/919 Westphalia
  • DC 930 Eggeland
  • DC 935 Lippeland
The painting of the series 403 presented in 1973 already meant the abandonment of the pop painting in long-distance transport, but at least with regard to the light-dark division it was still based strongly on this

Ultimately, however, the new colors of the express train passenger cars turned out to be comparatively expensive to produce and less flexible when it comes to train formation. In addition, they were more expensive to maintain, as the low-lying pebble-gray surfaces became soiled more quickly than on cars that were painted dark below the window band. These considerations ultimately led to the introduction of the new standard colors ivory and ocean blue in the spring of 1974, whereby the dark area - analogous to the TEE - was again to be found below. Before that, however, there were other smaller color tests, namely the three black-brown and pebble gray painted IC multiple units of the 403 series from 1973 and the two Olympic blue with white contrasting stripes , analogous to the Eurofima C1 paint , painted Eurofima prototypes of the class ABvmz 227 of the year 1974.

As early as July 21, 1971, a Büm 234 was the first Pop car to be withdrawn from the inventory, which had an accident in the Rheinweiler railway accident. This was followed on March 25, 1974 by the only WRümh 132 in pop colors, which as a reserve vehicle was never assigned to a fixed circuit and burned out as a result of an accident near Brussels. In 1982 the pop cars were only used from Lindau , Munich-Pasing and Saarbrücken and could be found on the following trains:

  • D 360/361
  • D 362/363
  • D 364/365
  • D 894/895
  • D 896/897
  • D 950/951
  • D 1284/1285

In May 1985 there were only five Bm 234s left in pop design, three of them in Munich and two in Lindau. It was used for the trains D 762/763, D 1284/1285 and the pair of express trains 2713/2798, the latter with a transition to the D 798/799 in transit from Lindau to Kassel . The very last pop express train car, a Munich Bm 234 , was finally converted into an interregional car around the turn of the year 1988/1989 and lost its original design.

2001 painted the railway company railway company (SVG) from Stuttgart also on their own three express train cars for charter in pop colors on historical models to, but in 2005 again received a new design. The Dutch railway museum Stoom Stichting Nederland (SSN) has also had a Bm 238 in pop colors since 2017 . However, none of these four cars had pop colors at the time of the Deutsche Bundesbahn.

Series 614

A class 614 railcar in blood orange-pebble gray pop paint

Coincidentally, at the time of the pop color experiment, the delivery of the first diesel multiple units of the 614 series and the associated intermediate cars of the 914 series, which were therefore also included in the new color concept. These were the two prototypes delivered in 1971, the final acceptance of the very first took place on June 8, 1971, as well as the 25 vehicles of the first series delivered between August 1973 and July 1975, which were later mainly located at the Nuremberg West depot . The 614 series had blood orange as the basic color and again two decorative stripes, the second being directly below the ribbon window. The trains of the second series, which were delivered from October 1975 and mainly came to the Braunschweig depot , were then again given the later ocean blue-beige standard design.

In the course of their modernization between 1992 and 1996, almost all class 614 multiple units were painted in the mint turquoise / pastel turquoise product color. Only the set 614 005, 914 003 and 614 006 retained their pop paintwork for historical reasons - despite interior redesigns. Until it was decommissioned when the timetable changed in December 2010, it was the last Deutsche Bahn AG vehicle in pop paintwork. The unit was retained and today also belongs to the DB Museum in Nuremberg.

S-Bahn and City-Bahn

Analogous to the multiple units of the 420 series, the prototypes and the first series of the x-wagons as well as the 78 associated electric locomotives of the 111 series with the numbers 111 111 to 111 188 received the pure orange-pebble gray S in the late 1970s and early 1980s Train color scheme. They were mainly to be found at the Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn, but from 1988 also temporarily helped out with the then newly opened Nuremberg S-Bahn . Neither a car nor a locomotive remained in the original paintwork.

In 1984 the S-Bahn design was finally transferred to the then newly introduced City-Bahn (CB) type of train , when a total of 25 n-cars were modernized for the Cologne - Gummersbach route , including seven ABnrz 400 , ten Bnrz 430 and one bistro car Bnrkz 490 and seven BDnrzf 460 control cars . There were also ten locomotives of the 218 series in pure orange-pebble gray, from this series the DB Museum Koblenz is conserving machine 218 137-8 in the original City-Bahn paint scheme from 1984.

  • Class 111 locomotive in pure orange-pebble gray, 1979

  • A train of the first City-Bahn, here in 1985 at the anniversary parade 150 years of German railways in Nuremberg, 1985

  • Last x-car in Pop livery, 2008

  • Former class 218 City Bahn locomotive in the DB Museum Koblenz, 2014

Wangerooge island railway

In the first half of the 1970s, the Deutsche Bundesbahn decided, in addition to the actual test program, to use a color concept based on the pop paint scheme for the passenger cars of the Wangerooge meter-gauge island railway . After the four-axle platform wagons used there had previously been painted uniformly chrome oxide green, from then on - regardless of the intended use - they also had blood orange, chrome oxide green or cobalt blue ribbon windows with a pebble gray base color. On the other hand, decorative stripes have been completely dispensed with. This paintwork disappeared as early as the early 1980s when all the island railway's wagons were advertised across the board .

Tegernsee Railway

In the 1970s, the private Tegernsee-Bahn Aktiengesellschaft (TAG) also painted one of its three type B4yg conversion wagons , the number 45, in a blue-pebble-gray pop paint, based on the model of the state railway. The ends of the car and the entrance doors were completely blue, the pebble gray areas were limited to the side walls that were not set back between the entrances. This car was also used as far as Munich Central Station via its main line Schaftlach – Tegernsee .

Municipal transport company

Based on the Rhein-Main S-Bahn, the Frankfurt Transport Company (VGF), the Mainzer Verkehrsgesellschaft (MVG) and the Darmstadt-based HEAG each introduced an orange-pebble-gray standard paint scheme in the 1970s to ensure a uniform appearance for local public transport in the region.

Independently of this, the Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft (AVG) also presented a new paint scheme in the mid-1970s with a light green window band and lemon-yellow belly band. It is also known as a pop paint scheme and shaped the image of the company well into the 1980s.

Color overview

use Color variant 1 Color variant 2 Color variant 3
1st Class 1 × Aüm 202 , 4 × Aüm 203 1 × Aüm 203 1 × Aüm 202
 
 
 
 
 
 
1./2. class 3 × ABüm 223 , 17 × ABüm 225 1 × ABüm 223
 
 
 
 
2nd Class 7 × Büm 232 , 1 × Büm 233 , 68 × Büm 234 1 × Büm 232 , 1 × Büm 239
 
 
 
 
LHB prototypes 1 × ABwümz 227 1 × Bwümz 237
 
 
 
 
Couchette cars 3 × Bcüm 243 1 × Bcümk 243 , 1 × Bcümk 255 2 × Bcüm 243
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sleeping , dining and buffet cars or (half) luggage cars 6 × WLABümh 174 , 1 × WRümh 132 , 5 × BRbuümz 285 4 × BDüms 273 , 1 × Düm 902 8 × Düm 902
 
 
 
 
 
 
with an additional central decorative stripe 5 × W complaints 152 54 × 614 , 27 × 914
 
 
 
 
Train 429 × 420 , 215 × 421 ,
62 × ABx 791 , 101 × Bx 794 , 62 × Bxf 796 		349 × 420, 174 × 421 2 × 420, 1 × 421
 
 
 
 
 
 
City train 7 × ABnrz 400 , 10 × Bnrz 430 , 1 × Bnrkz 490 , 7 × BDnrzf 460
 
 

See also

literature

  • Oliver Strüber: Try in color - the "pop colors" of the DB . In: Bahn Extra . Issue 5, September 2017, p. 48-49 .
  • Oliver Strüber: New Federal Railroad Color Concept 1970 - More Pop Dare . In: Eisenbahn Magazin . Issue 3, March 2020, p. 36-44 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lothar Gall, Manfred Pohl: The Railway in Germany - From the Beginnings to the Present . CH Beck, Munich 1999, p. 362 .
  2. ↑ Peter von Freyberg: 40 years ago, the S-Bahn left Frankfurt for the first time. In: Frankfurter Neue Presse . May 27, 2018, accessed September 3, 2018 .
  3. ↑ 420 122. In: tur-tur.de. Retrieved September 13, 2018 .
  4. ↑ a b express train. In: maerklin.de. Retrieved September 9, 2018 .
  5. ↑ a b c d W. Haberling, Ernst Andreas Weigert: Almost history: The DB pop cars . In: Railway courier . No. 5 . EK Verlag, Freiburg (Brsg.) May 1985, p. 6-8 .
  6. ↑ Manufacturer and acceptance data for the 614/914 series. In: bahnstatistik.de. Retrieved September 9, 2018 .
  7. ↑ MM / Lz: End of service: last railcar of the 614 series handed over to the DB Museum. In: Railway courier . February 15, 2011, accessed September 3, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Passenger car and baggage car. In: inselbahn.de. Retrieved September 12, 2018 .
  9. ^ Joerg Seidel: Photo of car 63102 (cobalt blue) and 63101 (blood orange) in 1977. In: flickr.com. Retrieved November 8, 2018 .
  10. ↑ Car 45 of the Tegernseebahn in comparison with a model. Retrieved November 8, 2018 .
  11. ↑ Car 45 of the Tegernseebahn. Retrieved November 8, 2018 .
  12. ↑ In the retro look into the anniversary year. In: avg.info. March 2, 2017, accessed November 6, 2018 .
  13. ^ Wolfram Chr. Geyer: The Karlsruhe Local Railway, From Lobberle to Stadtbahn - from Spöck to Durmersheim . With the cooperation of Klaus Bindewald, Ulrich Honervogt, Kurt Schwab and the meeting point Schienennahverkehr Karlsruhe e. V. Ed .: Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft mbH. regional culture publisher, p. 82 .