Tower station
A tower station or multi-storey station is a special type of train station that uses levels on top of one another to create a connection between crossing railway lines. This goes back to the early days of the railway, when lines of different railway companies, which might compete with each other, could meet on separate levels.
With the further expansion of the rail infrastructure, tower stations have been added as transfer and connection points, especially in metropolitan areas. On the Berlin Ringbahn several such stations were built at intersections with other routes, e.g. B. in Berlin Ostkreuz or Berlin-Schöneberg . Outside of the city, tower stations can only be found occasionally, for example in Osnabrück , Cologne Messe / Deutz , Dülmen or Doberlug-Kirchhain .
Some stations in this construction were also created on the Berlin outer ring due to the Berlin question in the 1950s , e.g. B. today's Potsdam Pirschheide train station . By 2006, Berlin Central Station was built with two track levels and three mezzanine floors. The Berlin Südkreuz station was built at the same time as the successor to the Papestrasse S-Bahn station, which was also designed as a tower station .
The number of tower stations in operation has also decreased due to the closure of originally crossing branches.
Concept and development
A tower station is an above-ground structure of the railway, which operationally consists of one or two separate stations, in which the tracks are at different heights on top of each other and cross each other. Usually only aboveground systems are referred to as tower stations, i.e. not stations with underground areas of other rail systems such as B. Berlin Friedrichstrasse and other systems with an underground S-Bahn.
A tower station is a special case of a crossing station in which two or more routes intersect. If there are track connections between the intersecting lines in a tower station, they must be away from the actual line crossing. At many tower stations there is no rail connection between the crossing routes.
Berlin Hauptbahnhof is a special case of a tower station . The lower part is located in a tunnel, so it is a tunnel station , but in this context it is referred to as an underground station , as it is seen as a whole as a uniform structure with a line of sight between the upper and lower platforms despite three intermediate pedestrian levels .
In England the parts of tower stations are called high level station and low level station .
There can also be similarly coherent structures in underground railways, whereby the term is used not only for above-ground stations such as the Gleisdreieck underground station in Berlin, but also for completely underground stations in which two lines cross one another, such as the Berlin subway stations Fehrbelliner Platz and Hermannplatz .
Tower railway stations in Germany
Tower railway stations in Austria
| place | Station articles | Upper track crosses (e) lower track | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vienna - Brigittenau | Wien Handelskai train station |
S-Bahn main line crosses over the Danube Bank |
|
| Wolkersdorf in the Weinviertel | Obersdorf |
The Vienna – Mistelbach railway crossed over the Stammersdorf – Groß Schweinbarth railway |
the tracks of the local railway end in a stump track in front of the Laaer Ostbahn route, the rest of the track being removed |
Tower train stations in Switzerland
| place | Station articles | Upper track crosses (e) lower track | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arth - Goldau | Arth-Goldau |
Arth-Rigi-Bahn crosses the Gotthardbahn |
upper part no longer served since 2010, access to the Rigibahn |
Tower stations in the rest of Europe
| place | Upper track crosses (e) lower track | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Belgium | ||
| Visé | Railway line Aachen - Hasselt crosses over railway Liege - Maastricht |
upper part no longer used for passenger traffic |
| Denmark | ||
| Danshøj | S-Bahn and mainline Copenhagen-Høje Tåstrup cross over the S-Ringbahn | Long-distance train tracks without a platform |
| Flintholm |
S-Bahn Frederikssund-Valby (and Copenhagen Metro ) cross over the S-Ringbahn |
actually a triangular station on two floors, but without rail connections between the three lines |
| France | ||
| Valence TGV | TER crosses via TGV (Paris-) Lyon – Marseille | |
| Vandières TGV |
LGV Est européenne crosses existing route |
Station planned, replacement for Lorraine TGV station |
| Italy | ||
| Cesano Maderno |
The Saronno – Seregno line crosses the Milano – Asso line |
Milan suburban train |
| Reggio Emilia Mediopadana |
The high-speed line from Milan to Bologna crosses the Reggio Emilia to Guastalla line |
|
| Saronno Sud |
The Milan – Saronno line crosses the Saronno – Seregno line |
Milan suburban train |
| Vesuvio De Meis |
The Naples – Sarno line crosses the Botteghelle – San Giorgio a Cremano line |
Circumvesuviana |
| Netherlands | ||
| Amsterdam Sloterdijk | Railway line Amsterdam Centraal-Schiphol Airport crosses over railway line Amsterdam Centraal-Haarlem / Zaandam |
|
| Duivendrecht | Railway line Amsterdam Centraal-Utrecht Centraal and the Amsterdam subway cross over the railway line Schiphol-Weesp Airport |
|
| Kruispunt bending |
The Nijmegen – Venlo line crosses the Boxteler Bahn |
upper half abandoned, lower half shut down |
| Poland | ||
| Kępno (Kempen) |
The Kluczbork – Poznań line crosses the Herby – Oleśnica line |
|
| Kostrzyn nad Odrą (Küstrin) |
The Tczew – Küstrin-Kietz border (formerly the Prussian Eastern Railway ) crosses the Wrocław – Szczecin line |
|
| Slovakia | ||
| Poprad Tatry |
The Poprad – Štrbské Pleso line crosses the Košice – Žilina line |
below standard gauge, above meter gauge |
| United Kingdom | ||
| Lichfield Trent Valley | Cross-City Line crosses the West Coast Main Line |
on the branch to Burton-on-Trent of the Cross-City Line only freight traffic |
| Retford |
East Coast Main Line crosses the Sheffield to Lincoln route |
|
| Shotton | Borderlands Line crosses over the North Wales Coast Line |
|
| Smethwick , Galton Bridge | Route from Birmingham Snow Hill to Stourbridge Junction crosses over the Stour Valley Line |
Tower station since 1995 |
| Tamworth | The route from Birmingham to Derby Junction crosses the West Coast Main Line |
Tower station since 1847 |
| Willesden Junction |
North London Line crosses over the Watford DC Line |
|
Tower stations outside Europe
| place | Upper track crosses (e) lower track | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| China | ||
| Shangrao Railway Station |
HSR Hefei-Fuzhou crosses via HSR Shanghai-Kunming |
new building opened in 2014 |
| Taiwan | ||
| Chiayi HSR |
HSR crosses the TRA railway line |
Standard gauge above, Cape gauge below, two reception buildings connected by a pedestrian bridge |
| Japan | ||
| Akihabara train station |
The Chūō-Sōbu Line crosses the Keihin-Tōhoku Line and the Yamanote Line |
|
| Minami-Urawa railway station |
Musashino Line crosses via Keihin-Tōhoku Line |
|
| Nishi-Funabashi Railway Station |
Musashino Line crosses over Chūō-Sōbu Line |
|
| Nishi-Kokubunji Railway Station |
Musashino Line crosses Chūō Main Line |
|
| Meidaimae train station in Tokyo |
Keiō Line crosses Keiō Inokashira Line |
1372 mm above, cape track below |
| Shimo-Kitazawa train station in Tokyo |
Keiō Inokashira line crosses Odakyū Odawara line |
|
| Jiyūgaoka Railway Station |
Tōkyū Tōyoko Line crosses Tōkyū Ōimachi Line |
|
| Noborito train station | Odakyū Odawara Line crosses Nambu Line |
|
| Hatchonawate Railway Station in Kawasaki |
Nambu line (branch line) crosses via Keihin Kyūkō Dentetsu |
Cape gauge above, standard gauge below |
| Shin-Yokohama Railway Station |
Tōkaidō Shinkansen crosses over Yokohama Line |
above standard gauge (Shinkansen), below Cape gauge; also connection to Yokohama subway |
| Yamato-Yagi Station in Kashihara |
Kintetsu Osaka Line crosses Kintetsu Kashihara Line |
Both lines have standard gauge, there are track connections between the two lines |
| Mikunigaoka Railway Station in Sakai | Nankai Koya Line crosses via JR Hanwa Line |
|
| Tsuruhashi Station in Osaka | JR Osaka Loop Line crosses Nara and Osaka lines
via Kintetsu |
Cape gauge above, standard gauge below; also connection to Osaka subway |
| Orio train station in Kitakyushu |
Kagoshima main line crosses over Chikuho main line |
There is a track connection between the two lines |
| United States | ||
| Philadelphia 30th Street Station | The SEPTA regional rail route crosses via Amtrak and NJTransit |
|
| New Jersey , Secaucus Junction |
NJTransit / Amtrak route Newark - New York City Penn Station crosses NJTransit Main, Bergen County and Pascack Valley Lines |
opened December 15, 2003 |
See also
- Transport hub , railway hub
- Differentiation according to operational characteristics:
- according to structural features:
literature
- Joachim Fiedler: Railways. Planning, construction and operation of railways, S, U, light rail and trams. 5th, revised and expanded edition. Werner, Neuwied 2005, ISBN 3-8041-1612-4 .
- Mihály Kubinszky: Europe's Railway Stations. Your story, art and technology. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1969.
- Dietmar Lübke (Ed.): Manual - The Railway System. Eurailpress, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-7771-0374-7 .
- Clemens Niedenthal (Hrsg.): Railway stations in Germany - modern urban centers. Jovis, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-939633-47-1 .
- Erich Preuss (ed.): The large archive of the German train stations. GeraNova, Munich 2004 ff. ( Loose-leaf collection , appears continuously) ISSN 0949-2127 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dietmar Lübke (coordination): Handbook Das System Bahn DVV Media Group Eurailpress, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-7771-0374-7 .
- ↑ Crossing station . In: Lexicon of the Railway . Transpress; Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-344-00160-4 , p. 462