Kawasaki (Kanagawa)

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Kawasaki-shi
川 崎 市
Kawasaki
Geographical location in Japan
Kawasaki (Kanagawa) (Japan)
Red pog.svg
Region : Kanto
Prefecture : Kanagawa
Coordinates : 35 ° 32 '  N , 139 ° 42'  E Coordinates: 35 ° 31 '51 "  N , 139 ° 42' 11"  E
Basic data
Surface: 144.35 km²
Residents : 1,530,457
(October 1, 2019)
Population density : 10,602 inhabitants per km²
Community key : 14130-5
Postal code area : 210-0002 - 210-0865
Symbols
Flag / coat of arms:
Flag / coat of arms of Kawasaki
Tree : camellia
Flower : azalea
town hall
Address : Kawasaki City Hall
1 Miyamoto-chō
Kawasaki-ku , Kawasaki -shi
Kanagawa  210-8577
Website URL: http://www.city.kawasaki.jp
Location of Kawasakis in Kanagawa Prefecture
Location of Kawasakis in the prefecture

Kawasaki ( Japanese 川 崎 市 , -shi , literally "Cape River") is a city on the Japanese main island of Honshu in the northeast of Kanagawa Prefecture .

geography

location

Kawasaki is located on the right bank of the Tama River, which flows into Tokyo Bay here . The city lies like a narrow ribbon between Tokyo in the northeast and Yokohama in the southwest. The city connects the two major cities and is part of the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area , one of the largest and most densely populated urban areas in the world.

City structure

The eastern area along the shoreline of Tokyo Bay is a densely populated industrial zone, part of the Keihin Industrial Area. In contrast, the western districts in the Tama hill country consist largely of residential areas for commuters in the greater Tokyo / Yokohama area . Kawasaki consists of these seven boroughs (- ku ):

Code
with check digit 		Surname Area (in km²) population Population
density  (inh / km²)  3
Rōmaji , translation Kanji 01.10.2017  1 01.10.2018  2 01/10/2015  3
14131-3 Kawasaki-ku 川 崎 区 39.53 231,530 223,378 5650.85
14132-1 Saiwai-ku 幸 区 10.01 167.206 160,890 16,072.93
14133-0 Nakahara-ku 中原 区 14.74 258.119 247,529 16,793.01
14134-8 Takatsu-ku 高 津 区 16.36 231,808 228.141 13,945.05
14135-6 Tama-ku 多 摩 区 20.5 217.941 214.158 10,446.73
14136-4 Miyamae-ku 宮 前 区 18.61 231.131 225,594 12,122.19
14137-2 Asao-ku 麻 生 区 23.25 178,748 175,523 7549.38
14130-5 Kawasaki-shi 川 崎 市 143.01 1,516,483 1,475,213 10,315.45

Neighboring cities and communities

In the northeast, Kawasaki borders the Tokyo districts (beginning at Tokyo Bay) Ōta and Setagaya , in the northwest , the cities ( -shi ) Komae , Chōfu , Machida , Inagi , Tama , belonging to the Tokyo prefecture, enclose the place. The opposite southwest side is completely occupied by the districts of Tsurumi , Kōhoku , Tsuzuki and Aoba of the city of Yokohama. With the completion of the Tōkyō-wan-Aqua-Line , the city ​​of Kisarazu, located on the opposite side of Tokyo Bay in the Chiba Prefecture , also became a neighbor in December 1997.

Waters

Two rivers cross the city area. The Tama unites with the tributaries Misawa , Yamashita , Gotanda , Nikaryō main river and Hirase ; in the Tsurumi open Katahira , Asao , Shimpukuji , Arima , E , Shibu and Yabumi .

The landfill on the city's coastal section is criss-crossed by a network of canals ( Tama Canal , Suehiro Canal , Chidori Canal , Yakō Canal , Daishi Canal , Mizue Canal , Shiohama Canal , Iriesaki Canal , Asano Canal , Ikegami - Canal , Minami-Watarida Canal , Tanabe Canal , Shiraishi Canal and the Sakai Canal ). In addition, parts of the historical Nikaryō Yōsui canal still exist in the hinterland .

history

Prehistory and early history

Archaeological evidence from the Japanese Paleolithic and the Jōmon period can only be found in the northwestern Tama hill country . The course of the Tama and the coast of Tokyo Bay have changed in historical times, so that large parts of the urban area are of geologically recent origin.

Heiken-ji is a Buddhist temple in Kawasaki, better known as Kawasaki-daishi ( 川 崎 大師 )

From the Nara period to the end of the Sengoku period

With the introduction of Ritsuryō - legal system , the area came in the 7th century to the Musashi Province . It is believed that the center of Tachibana County was in the area of ​​today's Takatsu district in the Nara period . Since the Heian period , the domain of the Inage clan expanded here. Around the Heiken-ji Buddhist temple founded in 1128 (better known under the name Kawasaki-Daishi), a monzen-machi soon emerged, a bustling city ​​district to take care of the pilgrims. Between the Kamakura period and the Sengoku period , smaller feudal lords ruled the area until it finally came under the control of the Later Hōjō .

Modern times

Nikaryō Yōsui in Shukugawara (Tama District) during the cherry blossom season

In 1611 Koizumi Jidayū had the Nikaryō Yōsui built, a system of canals on the right bank of the Tama for irrigation of the fields, some of which still runs through the now densely built-up city. On the Tōkaidō and Nakaharakaidō highways established by the Edo - Bakufu , stations emerged in the area of ​​the later Kawasaki, which increased its importance. The Kawasaki station (Kawasaki-juku, near today's Kawasaki station) on the Tōkaidō was only officially recognized in 1623 as the last of the 53 Tōkaidō stations. Bakufu let the bridges over the Tama fall into disrepair and ferry connections to nearby Edo were built in several places in what is now Kawasaki , which laid the foundation for the city's development.

Modern

Map of the parishes in the part of Kanagawa formerly belonging to Musashi 1889 (on Tamagawa but within the limits of 1912, i.e. completely including the right bank without the left bank), numbered the parishes in Tachibana County, of which in the area of ​​the present-day city of Kawasaki: 7 City (-machi) Kawasaki and the villages (-mura) 8. Daishigawara ( 大師 河 原 ), 9. Tajima ( 田島 ), 11. Miyuki ( 御 幸 ), 12. Sumiyoshi ( 住 吉 ), 13. Hiyoshi ( 日 吉 ), 14 Takatsu ( 高 津 ), 15. Nakahara ( 中原 ), 16. Tachibana ( 橘 ), 17. Mukaoka ( 向 丘 ), 18. Miyasaki ( 宮 前 , the reading was later changed to Miyamae), 19. Ikuta ( 生 田 ) and 20. Inada ( 稲 田 ); In addition, today's urban area of ​​Kawasaki also includes the former villages of Kakio ( 柿 生 ) and Okagami ( 岡 上 ; until today exclave) from the Tsuzuki district .

In the Meiji and Taishō period , the rapid urbanization of the area began, which continues to this day . In 1872, Kawasaki Station was established on Japan's first railway line . In 1889 the town ( machi ) Kawasaki in the district ( gun ) Tachibana was established according to the Japanese community system introduced the year before . In 1912 the border between Kanagawa and Tokyo prefectures was established in the Tama. On July 1, 1924, a merger with the city of Daishi (formerly Daishigawara) and the village of Miyuki resulted in the independent city of Kawasaki with 48,394 inhabitants.

Second World War

During the Second World War , the city was bombed three times by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) between April 1945 and July 1945 . The most serious attack was an area bombing with napalm bombs on April 15, 1945. The attacks destroyed around 35% of the city area and left 1,520 dead and 8,759 injured. The attacks burned 9.3 km² of the city (see air raids on Tokyo ).

Development after the Second World War

On April 15, 1945, large parts of the area around the station and the industrial area at the port were destroyed by air raids. Since the 1950s, residential areas for commuters have been built in the northeastern part of the city, which were connected directly to the centers of Tokyo by new rail lines. On April 1, 1972, Kawasaki became a decreetally designated city ( seirei shitei toshi ) with 5 municipalities. In 1973 the population exceeded the million mark. In 1982, the new Miyamae and Asao districts were created by splitting off from the Takatsu and Tama districts. Recently, in the course of deindustrialization, more and more industrial areas have been converted into residential areas (mostly apartment buildings ), so that a further increase in population density can be expected.

21st century

In 2020, the city near Tokyo with its comparatively high population of citizens of Korean origin (0.4 percent) came into the international media because the city parliament with a fine of up to 4,000 euros, a criminal complaint and online name publication for proven public hate speech Became a pioneer in all of Japan. When the local anti-discrimination ordinance introduced in December 2019 proved to be inadequate, it was sharpened so that, from July 1, 2020, hate speech against the sexual orientation of fellow citizens will also be included and all convicts will henceforth have a criminal record.

Politics and administration

Political groups in the city parliament
(as of May 9, 2019)
      
A total of 60 seats
  • LDP : 19
  • KPY : 11
  • Kōmeitō : 11
  • Mirai ("Future"; incl. KDP , DVP ): 11
  • Team Mushozoku ("Team Independent"; incl. Kanagawa Net ): 5
  • Non-attached: 3
Map of Kanagawa's lower house constituencies ahead of the redefinition of the boundary between constituencies 10 and 18 for the 2014 election, in which the Nakahara borough was divided

Mayor of Kawasaki has been Norihiko Fukuda , a former DPJ Prefectural Member of Parliament since 2013 , who was re-elected for a second term in 2017 with the support of the LDP and Kōmeitō against former City Parliament MP Akiko Yoshizawa and the CPJ- backed former elementary school teacher Hirokazu Ichiko.

The 60-member city parliament of Kawasaki was re-elected in the unified elections in April 2019 . The LDP remained the strongest force with 19 seats.

In June 2008, Kawasaki was the second Japanese “government-designed city” ( seirei shitei toshi ) after Hiroshima , which allowed foreigners to take part in local referendums.

The districts of Kawasaki, which are used as constituencies, elect a total of 18 members to the 105-member prefectural parliament of Kanagawa.

For the lower house of the national parliament , Kawasaki includes the constituencies of Kanagawa 9 (in the west), 10 (in the east) and 18 (in the middle). In the 2017 election , these went unchanged to the Liberal Democrats Kazunori Tanaka and Daishirō Yamagiwa and the ex-Democrat Hirofumi Ryū for the Party of Hope (later to the Mirai Nippon faction ).

statistics

  • Public sector employees: 15,280 (as of July 1, 2003)
  • Budget (2004)
    • General budget: approximately 520 billion yen
    • Special budget: approx. 408 billion yen
    • Public enterprise budget: approximately 201 billion yen
  • Commemoration day for the appointment to the city: July 1st

Kawasaki demographics Population distribution of Kawasaki by age in 2005. Left: Compared to the population of Japan (purple: Kawasaki, green: Japan). Right: By gender (blue: male, red: female)

Culture and sights

Temples and shrines

Museums and galleries

Nihon Minka-en Open Air Museum (Tama District)
State Railroad D51 steam locomotive in Ikuta Ryokuchi
Steel phallic mikoshi ("Elizabeth-Mikoshi") at the Kanamara-Matsuri at the beginning of April in the Kanayama shrine
  • Nihon Minka-en open-air museum in the Tama district with farmhouses from different regions of Japan.
  • Railway and Bus Museum
  • Toshiba Museum
  • Kawasaki Civic Museum
  • Okamoto Tarō Art Museum
  • Fujiko F. Fujio Museum

music

  • Myūza Kawasaki Symphonic Hall - home of the Tokyo Symphony Orchestra
  • CLUB CITTA
  • Yomiuri-Land EAST (Open Air Music Theater)

Recreational facilities

  • Kawasaki Racecourse
  • Keirin Velodrome Kawasaki
  • Kawasaki Marien (leisure center)
  • Yomiuri land

Parks

  • Ikuta Green Area ( Ikuta ryokuchi )
  • Todoroki green area ( Todoroki ryokuchi )
  • Yumemigasaki Animal Park ( Yumemigasaki dōbutsu kōen )

Regular events

  • Daruma market in Shimo-Asao
  • Tamagawa large fireworks
  • Sanno festival at the Inage shrine
  • Shin-Yuri arts festival
  • Kawasaki Citizens Festival
  • Kawasaki Fantasy Night
  • Kawasaki Robot Congress
  • In Unity
  • Kanamara Festival

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

Agriculture

The establishment of the Nikaryō-Yōsui Canal at the beginning of the Edo period led to the expansion of wet rice cultivation and an increase in agricultural production power in the region around the Tama Basin. Since this epoch, in which a large sales area had emerged with nearby Edo , Kawasaki used its location for fruit growing ; Shukugawara peaches and persimmons from Ōzen ( Ōzen-ji ) temple in today's Asao district were very popular. In addition, the new Nashi variety Nagajūrō was discovered towards the end of the 19th century , which was soon cultivated in large parts of Japan. With the industrialization efforts since the Taishō period, fruit growing gave way to the coastal areas. But also inland, with the progressive urbanization, since the end of the Second World War, the arable land disappeared. Nowadays the city has made various efforts to revive these traditional specialties through political measures. For example, the cultivation of fruit trees along the Tama is preserved.

Industry

The port of Kawasaki connects seamlessly to the neighboring ports of Yokohama in the southwest and Tokyo in the northeast.

Kawasaki is located in the middle of the Keihin industrial area . Heavy industry has developed at this location since the Meiji period . Mainly up to the Shōwa period , the reclamation of land on the coast had created huge areas, which were soon populated by steel and chemical plants, mechanical engineering and later the electrical industry. Large plants from companies such as Nihon Kōkan (literally "Japan Stahlrohr"; now part of JFE Stahl ), Fujitsu , NEC or Toshiba, as well as associated companies of small and medium-sized enterprises exist here to this day . In recent years, top research institutes have also settled here. The establishment of the Kawasaki Micon City and the Kanagawa Science Park supported this development. On the other hand, with the decline of the old industry near the coast, a revival is planned by trying to preserve the industrial heritage. The city also expects Tokyo Haneda Airport to install a Kawasaki portal and is aiming to set up an industrial area close to the airport.

(The heavy industry group Kawasaki Heavy Industries is not based in Kawasaki, but is named after its founder.)

Trade and services

The LAZONA Kawasaki

Consumption
The Azalea underground shopping mile at the east exit of Kawasaki station and LAZONA Kawasaki Plaza at the west exit form the center of the business district around the city's central station. The historical red light district , which dates back to the Edo period, should also be mentioned as a peculiar example. Furthermore, there is a department store branch of the Marui chain at Mizonokuchi station ( Mizo no kuchi eki ; literally: "Entrance at the ditch") and branches of various retail department stores in Shin-Yurigaoka (literally: "New Lily Hill"; district in the Asao district). Because of the numerous residential areas , smaller and medium-sized shopping malls are spread across the entire city area.

Culture
In the last few years there have been increased efforts to involve artists in the promotion of trade, as part of which the Cinecittà project ( shinechitta purojekuto , probably based on the Italian Cinecittà , the “film city”, a film studio complex in front of Rome) and near the train station the Myūza-Kawasaki symphony building were built, whereupon the Nihon eiga gakkō (literally: "Japanese film school") and the Shōwa ongaku daigaku (literally: "Shōwa Music Academy") followed to the Shin-Yurigaoka location. The KAWASAKI Shin-Yuri Film Festival takes place here every year.

Large resident companies

Company headquartered in Kawasaki

Companies with production facilities etc. in Kawasaki

Ports

The ports of Tokyo, Yokohama and Kawasaki form a structural unit.

traffic

Developed national road 466 to Tokyo and Yokohama in Miyamae-ku

sons and daughters of the town

Partnerships

Town twinning

Port partnership

literature

  • Neil L. Waters: Japan's local pragmatists. The transition from Bakumatsu to Meiji in the Kawasaki Region , Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press 1983.
  • Ders .: Local Leadership in the Kawasaki Region from Bakumatsu to Meiji . In: Journal of Japanese Studies , Vol. 7, No. 1, 1981, pp. 53-83.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ University of Tsukuba, Prof. Yūji Murayama ( English page ): 行政区 画 変 遷 WebGIS (annual maps of the administrative structures of all 47 prefectures in their current borders since 1889), Kanagawa (also before 1893/1912 without the Tama area and on the lower reaches without the left, including right bank of the Tama)
  2. ↑ a b City of Kawasaki: Profile, 8th HISTORY simple (time table for city history)
  3. ↑ Kawasaki to impose fines on hate speech , sumikai.com dated June 21, 2019, accessed July 1, 2020
  4. ↑ Japan: Kawasaki punishes hate speech because of origin and sexual orientation (mp3) , Deutschlandfunk, published and accessed July 1, 2020
  5. ↑ Kawasaki City, City Parliament: MPs by parliamentary group , accessed on May 22, 2019.
  6. ↑ Sōmushō : Changes to the Lower House Constituencies 2013 , Changes in Kanagawa, Map and List
  7. ↑ 川 崎 市長 に 福田 紀彦氏 初 当選 . (No longer available online.) In: Yomiuri Online . October 22, 2010, archived from the original on November 2, 2017 ; Retrieved April 11, 2018 (Japanese).
  8. ↑ 川 崎 市長 選 現 職 の 福田 氏 ２ 回 目 の 当選 . In: NHK perpendicular web. October 22, 2010. Retrieved April 11, 2018 (Japanese).
  9. ↑ 統一 地方 選 2019 川 崎 市 議 選 各 党 議席 . In: NHK Senkyo Web. April 8, 2019, accessed May 22, 2019 (Japanese).
  10. ↑ Kawasaki opens referendums to foreign residents. In: The Japan Times . June 20, 2008, accessed May 30, 2009 .
  11. ↑ Kanagawa Prefecture, Prefectural Parliament : MPs by Constituency , accessed May 22, 2019.

Web links

Commons : Kawasaki  - collection of images, videos and audio files