Shūgiin election 2017

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
← 2014Majority election 2017 (289 seats)
Share of votes in%
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
47.8
20.6
9.0
8.5
7.8
3.2
1.5
1.2
2.9
KDP
Independent
Otherwise.
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
 25th
 20th
 15th
 10
   5
   0
  -5
-0.3
+20.6
-4.3
+8.5
+4.9
-5.0
± 0.0
+0.4
-2.3
KDP
Independent
Otherwise.
Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
f Comparative value 2014: Ishin no Tō
Proportional representation 2017 (176 seats)
Share of votes in%
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
33.3
19.9
17.4
12.5
7.9
6.1
1.7
1.3
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
 20th
 18th
 16
 14th
 12
 10
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-10
+0.2
+19.9
+17.4
-1.2
-3.5
-9.6
-0.8
-4.2
Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
f Comparative value 2014: Ishin no Tō
Distribution of seats in 2017
(including subsequent nominations)
        
A total of 465 seats

The 2017 Shūgiin election , formally the 48th general election of Shūgiin MPs ( Japanese 第 48 回 衆議院 議員 総 選 挙 , dai-48-kai Shūgiin giin sō -zunyo ), to determine all 465 members of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the Japanese Parliament , held on October 22, 2017 . The official announcement (kōji) , for which the nominations are fixed and with which the legal election campaign and early election begin, took place on October 10th. The Shūgiin was disbanded on September 28th during the 194th Kokkai.

Since the cabinet must resign after a general Shūgiin election, an election of the prime minister will automatically follow as soon as the 195th Kokkai meets.

background

The approval (blue) and rejection rate (red) for the cabinets of Prime Minister Abe since 2013. In July / August 2017, a clear deterioration in Abe's voice can be seen; However, by the time the House of Commons was dissolved and the election campaign began, the situation had stabilized.

As a result of the Shūgiin elections of 2012 and 2014 , a coalition of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and Kōmeitō ruled under the leadership of Prime Minister Shinzō Abe (LDP). Since the 2013 election to the Sangiin , the upper house of parliament, the government has a majority in both chambers of parliament. For a long time, the cabinet enjoyed relatively high approval ratings of over 50% in polls, until these fell below 30% in some polls in the first half of 2017 after scandals involving Prime Minister Abe and other ministers. I.a. Abe is alleged that he and his wife Akie were involved in a scandal over an ultra-nationalist oriented school and kindergarten operators. At Abe's request, he received considerable discounts on a plot of land in Osaka for building an ultra-nationalist elementary school . In addition, Abe did the Ministry of Education under pressure to issue the building permit for a veterinary educational institution that has been requested by a close friend Abe. Defense Minister Tomomi Inada also behaved inappropriately on several occasions and was sharply criticized by both the opposition and the press. For example, in a campaign speech for the 2017 Tokyo prefecture parliamentary elections, she asked "on behalf of the Defense Ministry, the Self- Defense Forces , the Liberal Democratic Party and as Defense Minister" for support for an LDP candidate, even though the armed forces are legally obliged to be politically neutral. As a result , Abe reshuffled his cabinet for the third time , whereupon the approval ratings rose significantly again.

On September 25, 2017, Abe announced the dissolution of the Shūgiin for September 28. The main reasons he cited were his policy with regard to the advancing North Korean nuclear weapons program and the increase in value added tax planned for 2019, which is now increasingly intended to promote families . He wanted to get the approval of the citizens on these issues in the form of new elections and spoke of a “national crisis”. Observers, however, clearly see a tactical intention in the procedure, as the opposition parties requested an extraordinary meeting for the day of the dissolution , at which Abe would probably have been asked about the scandals. There were also movements in the opposition to found a party headed by the Tokyo governor Yuriko Koike, who is relatively popular among the population . Koike had already won a surprising victory in the 2017 Tokyo prefecture parliament election with her regional party Tomin First no Kai and significantly weakened the LDP in the Tokyo prefectural parliament. Abe also wanted to prevent the formation of a stronger opposition by electing as soon as possible, especially since the approval ratings of the largest opposition party, the Democratic Progressive Party (Minshintō), were below 10%.

Parties

After the dissolution of parliament, the opposition parties fundamentally reorganized themselves in a short time. Almost at the same time as Abes announced the dissolution of the Shūgiin, the Tokyo governor Yuriko Koike founded the Kibō no Tō ( Kibō for short ). Thereupon the Minshintō announced after consultation with Koike that they did not want to put up their own candidates for the election and assured their members that they would support them in the event of a candidacy for the Kibō no Tō. She had already lost a number of MPs to them. In addition, Nippon Ishin no Kai ( Ishin for short ) and Kibō no Tō decided not to put candidates against each other in the prefectures of Tokyo (25 majority electoral seats) and Osaka (19 majority electoral seats).

After Koike had pointed out several times that they would not accept all supporters of the Minshinto and examine each candidate for its political position, several left-wing Minshinto members announced that they did not want to run for the Koikes party. These included, for example, the former Prime Ministers Naoto Kan and Yoshihiko Noda as well as the deputy chairman of the Minshinto, Yukio Edano . As a result, Edano founded the liberal - minded Constitutional Democratic Party ( KDP for short ; 立憲 民主党 Rikken Minshutō ; English The Constituional Democratic Party of Japan ) as an alternative to Kibō no Tō . The Kibō no Tō stated regarding the selection process for candidates that they u. a. People who held high offices in the state organs in the past will not accept. As a result, Noda, former Foreign and Deputy Prime Minister Katsuya Okada, and former Finance Minister Jun Azumi announced that they would run for independence while Kan joined the KDP. The KDP, KPJ and SDP formed an electoral alliance (see section “ Candidates and nomination strategy ”).

The Liberal Party ( LP for short ), which was represented with two seats before the election , did not nominate any candidates of its own, although it had initially expressed interest in cooperating with Kibō no Tō.

Electoral system and constituencies

The Shūgiin was chosen unchanged in a trench election system , i. H. regarding the distribution of seats to parties in two completely separate elections, a majority vote and a proportional representation - in contrast to offset systems such as B. in Germany, where the proportional representation vote determines the overall composition, in Japan it only decides on the composition of the proportional representation seats (the result of the already quantitatively larger and by definition majority-forming majority vote is therefore often decisive); However, political parties that legally qualify as a party have the option of setting up dual candidates (jūfuku rikkōho) who compete in both electoral segments at the same time, and the order can be set using the system of sekihairitsu (such as the “just lost rate”) (but not the number) of seats in the proportional representation must be linked to the result of the vote in the majority election.

However, a resolution of the parliament in June 2017 changed the total number of MPs, the constituency division in majority elections and the number of seats in the constituencies ("blocks") in proportional representation:

  • The number of constituencies in the majority election was reduced by 6 from 295 to 289, and the prefectures of Aomori , Iwate , Mie , Nara , Kumamoto and Kagoshima lost one seat each . In addition, 91 additional constituencies in a total of 19 prefectures have been redesigned.
  • The boundaries of the proportional representation blocks were unchanged, but the Tōhoku (14 → 13), North Kantō (20 → 19), Kinki (29 → 28) and Kyūshū (21 → 20) blocks each lost one seat, thereby increasing the total size of the proportional representation segment 176 seats shrank.

The House of Representatives now has 465 instead of 475 members, and the Parliament now has 707 members.

Candidates and nomination strategy

When the election opened on October 10, there were a total of 1180 candidates: 936 in the majority election, including 611 double candidates, and 244 candidates who only stand for proportional representation.

In the majority election, LDP and Kōmeitō were represented together almost everywhere and almost all of their candidates supported each other. Kibō and Ishin were represented in over 200 constituencies, some candidates were explicitly supported by the other party, but both parties competed against each other in over 20 constituencies. The Communist Party of Japan put up candidates in over two-thirds of the country, significantly fewer than in 2012 and 2014, when it ran almost everywhere, but more than in 2009, when it did not nominate unilaterally in large parts of the country; Communists or Social Democrats ran against Constitutional Democrats in fewer than 20 constituencies. In just over half of the country there was a three-camp election among the established parties: in over 130 constituencies between government parties, Kibo or Ishin and communists or social democrats, in over 20 between government parties, Kibo / Ishin and Konst. Democrats. In over 40 constituencies, only one government candidate and one Communist / Const. Democrat / Social Democrat.

Eight parties competed nationwide in the proportional representation: LDP, Kibō, Kōmeitō, KPJ, KDP, Ishin, SDP and Kōfuku-jitsugen-tō nominated lists in all eleven blocs; In addition, the Nippon no Kokoro nominated a candidate for proportional representation in the Tōhoku and Tokyo blocks, the New Daichi party only stood in the Hokkaidō block, and this time the Tokyo block also included the seitō shiji nashi (~ "no political party supported") for the election, which ran in 2014 only in Hokkaidō and received over 4% of the vote.

Previous MPs (as of October 10, 2017) and candidates for the 2017 Shūgiin election
Political party Previous
MPs 		Nominees
for 289 majority electoral seats for 176 proportional representation seats
(minus winning / disqualified double candidates) 		total
(Dual candidates) (Women)
Liberal Democratic Party
(Jiyūminshutō) 		284 277 258 313 332 (25)
Kibō no Tō
("Party of Hope") 		57 198 197 234 235 (47)
Kōmeitō
("Justice Party") 		34 9 0 44 53 (5)
Communist Party of Japan
(Nihon Kyōsantō) 		21st 206 28 65 243 (58)
Constitutional Democratic Party
(Rikken Minshutō) 		15th 63 62 77 78 (19)
Nippon Ishin no Kai
("Association for the Renewal / Restoration of Japan") 		14th 47 47 52 52 (4)
Social Democratic Party
(Shakaiminshutō) 		2 19th 19th 21st 21st (4)
Nippon no Kokoro
("Japan's Heart") 		0 0 0 2 2 (1)
Others 0 44 - 47 91 (31)
Independent
(including [ex-] Minshintō and LP MPs
and LDP members without party nominations or non-party members in the LDP parliamentary group) 		45 73 - - 73 (15)
total 472
(3 vacancies) 		936 611 855 1180 (209)

Election campaign and issues

Tadatomo Yoshida , leader of the Social Democratic Party (left) and Kazuo Shii , leader of the Communist Party (right), at a campaign rally at Shimbashi Station
Gaisensha loudspeaker van of Nippon Ishin no Kai at Tsukiji Fish Market

The participating parties gradually presented their election programs in early October . The official election campaign started on October 10, 2017.

The LDP attached great importance to security policy - as was already evident from the legitimation of the new elections - and titled its program with the motto Kono kuni o, mamorinuku ( こ の 国 を 、 守 り 抜 く. , For example, “Protect this country continuously”). In addition to foreign and security policy issues, especially with regard to the North Korean nuclear weapons program , Abenomics were also discussed, which should lead to a “restoration of the economy” ( 景 気 回復 keiki kaifuku ) and “overcoming deflation” ( デ フ レ 脱却 defure dakkyaku ). Another aspect of this election campaign that was often discussed was the increase in VAT planned for 2019, which is now increasingly intended to promote families . With this additional income, the LDP plans to realize "free childcare and education" ( 保育 ・ 教育 の 無償 化 Hoiku kyōiku no mushōka ). In this election campaign, too, changing Article 9 of the Constitution was a major goal of the LDP. In contrast to the LDP, the coalition partner Kōmeitō did not position itself clearly in this regard and pointed out that it would be difficult to convince the majority of the population of the constitutional amendment in a referendum.

The Kibō no Tō came under the motto Nippon ni kibō o. Nippon ni risetto ( 日本 に 希望 を. 日本 に リ セ ッ ト. , About "Hope for Japan. New beginning for Japan.") Primarily for a freeze of the planned VAT as well as for a new one Form of economic policy, also called “Yurinomics” (analogous to Abenomics), which is intended to “ stimulate the private sector” ( 民間 の 活力 を 生 か し た 経 済 活性 化Minkan no katsuryoku o ikashita keizai kasseika ). In addition, the party wants to achieve Japan's nuclear phase-out by 2030 . In other economic and foreign and security policy issues, as well as with regard to the amendment to Article 9, the program of the Kibō no Tō largely agreed with that of the LDP. It was similar with the Nippon Ishin no Kai, which operates under the motto Furui seiji o koasu. Atarashii seiji o tsukuru ( 古 い 政治 を 壊 す。 新 し い 政治 を 創 る. , Something like "Eliminate the old policy. Build a new policy.") In contrast to other parties , it took up the long-discussed state system that it advocates and the dependence of the regions should reduce by the central government .

The “left alliance” made up of the KPJ, KDP and SDP, as an antipole to the other parties, spoke out clearly against the planned constitutional amendment. The CPJ published its election program under the slogan Chikara awase, mirai hiraku ( 力 あ わ せ 、 未来 ひ ら く , for example " Unite strengths, open up the future") and rejected any amendment to the constitution. She criticized the Abe government's 2015 law on “ collective self-defense ” and called it “martial law” ( 戦 争 法 Sensō-hō ). In addition, the party campaigned for the abolition of the so-called "secrecy law" ( 特定 秘密 保護 法 Tokutei himitsu hogo-hō ) of 2013, which enables the government to have greater influence over the dissemination of information that it believes could endanger national security. The “Conspiracy Act” ( 共謀 罪 法 Kyōbōzai-hō ), which was only passed in June 2017 , which gives investigators extended access to telephone calls and chats in view of the terrorist threat at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo , was also often criticized by the CPJ. In addition, she also planned to cancel the planned VAT increase and called for diplomatic solutions in dealing with North Korea instead of the pressure exerted by the governments of Japan and the USA. The KDP presented a similar program under the title Mattō na seiji ( ま っ と う な 政治. , For example "A decent policy"), but placed greater emphasis on economic aspects. So she generally promised a “reconstruction of everyday life on the basis of life” ( 生活 の 現場 か ら 暮 ら し を 立 て 直 すSeikatsu no genba kara kurashi o tatenaosu ) and in this context z. B. Better working hours and wage increases for childcare and elderly care workers. She also pointed to a "restoration of constitutionalism " ( 立憲 主義 を 回復 さ せ るRikken shugi o kaifuku saseru ), which she sees disregarded by the Abe government with regard to the laws it has passed.

Voter turnout and outcome

The overall turnout increased slightly by around one percentage point to 53.68% in both electoral segments, the second lowest value in post-war history. Early turnout exceeded the 2016 Sangiin election record in all national parliamentary elections since early voting was introduced in 2003; Over 21.3 million voters and thus 20.1% of the eligible voters cast their vote in the majority election before election Sunday. Participation on the actual election day could have been affected by Typhoon No. 21 (international Typhoon Lan ), which reached Japan on election weekend. Some communities, especially on islands - nationwide 109 polling stations [of this time around 48,000] in 14 communities from 10 prefectures - preferred to vote on October 20 or 21.

The count was also affected by the typhoon, as the ballot boxes from some remote islands could not be transported to the count: the final results from constituencies, especially in western and southern Japan, were determined later than usual.

Result of the 2017 House of Representatives election
Political party Majority vote Proportional representation Total seats modification
be right proportion of Seats be right proportion of Seats to the last election on the composition before the election
Liberal Democratic Party 26,500,723 47.8% 215 18,555,717 33.3% 66 281 −9 −3
Constitutional Democratic Party 4,726,326 8.5% 17th 11,084,890 19.9% 37 54 (+54) +39
Kibō no Tō 11,437,602 20.6% 18th 9,677,524 17.4% 32 50 (+50) −7
Kōmeitō 832.453 1.5% 8th 6,977,712 12.5% 21st 29 −6 −5
Communist Party of Japan 4,998,932 9.0% 1 4,404,081 7.9% 11 12 −9 −9
Nippon Ishin no Kai 1,765,053 3.2% 3 3,387,097 6.1% 8th 11 (+11) −3
Social Democratic Party 634.719 1.2% 1 941,324 1.7% 1 2 0 0
Nippon no Kokoro - 85,552 0.2% 0 0 −2 0
Shinto Daichi - 226,552 0.4% 0 0 0 0
Others 211,252 0.4% 0 417.103 0.7% 0 0 (-116) 0
Independent 4,315,028 7.8% 26th - 26th +17 −19
Total (seats, valid votes) 55.422.088 100% 289 55,757,552 100% 176 465 −10 −7 (3 vacancies)
Turnout: from 106,091,229 eligible voters 56,952,672 53.68% 56,947,829 53.68%
  1. ↑ resulting from “fractional votes” (see elections in Japan ) rounded decimal places
  2. ↑ Plus three successful independents who were subsequently nominated by the LDP, see 小泉 、 阿 部 、 堀 内 氏 を 追加 公認 ＝ 自 民 . In: Jiji Tsūshin . October 23, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2017 (Japanese).
  3. ↑ Plus a successful independent who was subsequently nominated by the KDP, see 逢 坂 氏 を 追加 公認 ＝ 立憲 . In: Jiji Tsūshin . October 23, 2017. Retrieved October 24, 2017 (Japanese).
  4. ↑ Contains three candidates nominated by the LDP and one by the KDP

Regional overview

Results according to majority and proportional representation

In the Tōkai proportional representation district (21 seats), the KDP would have received 5 seats after the vote, but had only four proportional representation candidates on the list after the elimination of ineligible dual candidates. One seat therefore went to the LDP, which would have granted the next (hypothetically 22nd) seat after the D'Hondt distribution.

Region / block Majority election seats Proportional representation
LDP Kibo KDP Others LDP KDP Kibo Kōmei KPJ Ishin Others
Hokkaidō 6th 0 4th Kōmei 1, Independent (→ retrospectively KDP) 1 3 3 1 1 0 0 0
Tōhoku 18th 1 0 Independent 4th 5 3 3 1 1 0 0
North Kantō 27 1 1 Independent (→ retrospectively LDP) 1, other independent 2 7th 5 4th 2 1 0 0
Tokyo 19th 1 4th Kōmei 1 6th 4th 3 2 2 0 0
South Kantō 25th 1 3 Independent (→ retrospectively LDP) 1, other independent 3 8th 5 4th 2 2 1 0
Hokuriku - Shin'etsu 12 2 1 Independent 4th 5 2 2 1 1 0 0
Tōkai 21st 5 2 Independent 4th (7 →) 8 (5 →) 4 5 2 1 1 0
Kinki 33 2 1 Kōmei 6, Ishin 3, Independent 2 9 5 3 4th 2 5 0
Chūgoku 18th 1 0 Independent (→ retrospectively LDP) 1 5 2 2 2 0 0 0
Shikoku 8th 2 0 Independent 1 3 1 1 1 0 0 0
Kyushu 28 2 1 KPJ 1, SDP 1, independent 2 7th 3 4th 3 1 1 SDP 1
Total
(+ retrospectively nominated) 		215 + 3 18th 17 + 1 Kōmei 8, Ishin 3, KPJ 1, SDP 1, Independent 22nd 66 37 32 21st 11 8th SDP 1

Effects

Kibō MP Masaru Wakasa ( 若 狭 勝 Wakasa Masaru ) announced on October 26, 2017 that he would end his political career after losing his constituency ( Tokyo 10) to the Liberal Democrat Hayato Suzuki ( 鈴木 隼 人 Suzuki Hayato ). Wakasa is a close confidante of Koikes and was instrumental in founding the Kibō no Tō.

The Minshinto chairman, Seiji Maehara , resigned from his post on October 30, 2017, faced with the defeat of the Kibō no Tō. He had his party excluded from the elections with the expectation that the Kibō no Tō would perform successfully, thus making it difficult for many Minshintō MPs to return to parliament. As his successor, the House of Lords Kōhei Ōtsuka was elected on October 31 .

On November 1, the special parliament was convened, from which Shinzō Abe was designated prime minister for the fourth time. Tadamori Ōshima (LDP) was re-elected President of the House of Representatives after a conference of representatives from all political groups on October 30 ; it was the first re-election since 2005, when Yōhei Kōno was confirmed for a second term. Hirotaka Akamatsu (KDP), who had already held the post from 2012 to 2014 , then became vice president . On the same day, the fourth Abe cabinet met after the appointment of all ministers by Emperor Akihito .

On November 14, Kibo chairman Yuriko Koike resigned from her post after calling her party's result a "defeat". She withdrew from national politics and wanted to concentrate on prefectural politics again in the future as Tokyo governor. The previous co-chairman Yūichirō Tamaki was chosen as her successor .

literature

  • Robert J. Pekkanen, Steven R. Reed, Ethan Scheiner, Daniel M. Smith (Eds.): Japan Decides 2017: The Japanese General Election. Palgrave Macmillan 2018.

Web links

Commons : Japanese General Election 2017  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Ministry of General Affairs (English ~ Internal Affairs and Communication): Results of the 48th general election of the members of the House of Representatives and the referendum on the judges at the Supreme Court
  2. ↑ 衆院 が 解散 、 総 選 挙… 10 月 22 日 に 投 開票 へ . In: Yomiuri Shimbun Online. September 28, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017 (Japanese).
  3. ↑ Survey finds Abe's support rating fell to 26 percent ahead of Diet grilling on Kake Gakuen scandal. In: The Japan Times . July 23, 2017, accessed October 6, 2017 .
  4. ^ Right school scandal in Japan. In: The daily newspaper . March 19, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017 .
  5. ↑ Education ministry says Kake papers exist after follow-up probe, dealing a blow to Abe's Cabinet. In: The Japan Times . June 15, 2017, accessed October 6, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Defense minister draws flak for implying SDF support of LDP candidate in Tokyo assembly poll. In: The Japan Times . June 28, 2017, accessed October 6, 2017 .
  7. ↑ Cabinet's flat support rating surpassed by disapproval rating in latest poll. In: The Japan Times . September 3, 2017, accessed October 6, 2017 .
  8. ↑ Abe's hardly convincing reason for snap election. In: The Japan Times . September 26, 2017, accessed October 6, 2017 .
  9. ↑ 民進 代表 選 「関心 な い」 52% . In: Mainichi Shimbun . August 4, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017 (Japanese).
  10. ^ Reiji Yoshida: Democratic Party effectively disbands, throwing support behind Koike's party for Lower House poll. In: The Japan Times . September 28, 2017, accessed October 3, 2017 .
  11. ↑ 希望 と 維新 東京 と 大阪 で 選 挙 協力 . (No longer available online.) In: NHK News Web . September 30, 2017, archived from the original on September 30, 2017 ; Retrieved October 6, 2017 (Japanese). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www3.nhk.or.jp
  12. ^ Major opposition's liberal wing to form new group. (No longer available online.) In: The Mainichi . October 2, 2017, archived from the original on October 9, 2017 ; accessed on October 3, 2017 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / mainichi.jp
  13. ↑ 菅 直 人 、 海 江 田 万里 、 長 妻 昭 の ３ 氏 予 断 許 さ ぬ 厳 し い 戦 戦 い 枝 野 新 党 立憲 民主党 か ら 出馬 も… . In: Sankei News . October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017 (Japanese).
  14. ↑ 共産 、 立憲 民主 、 社 民 249 選 挙 区 で 候補 者 一 本 化 . In: Sankei News . October 3, 2017. Retrieved October 21, 2017 (Japanese).
  15. ↑ LP: 第 48 回 衆議院 議員 総 選 挙 , accessed on October 21, 2017.
  16. ↑ 民進 「希望」 と 連 携 調整 前 原 氏 、 小池 ・ 小 沢 氏 と 会談 解 党 論 も . (No longer available online.) In: Tōkyō Shimbun . September 27, 2017, archived from the original on September 29, 2017 ; Retrieved October 21, 2017 (Japanese). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tokyo-np.co.jp
  17. ↑ Sōmushō : 衆議院 小 選 挙 区 の 区 割 り の 改 定 等 に つ い て
  18. ↑ 3 極 対 決, 161 選 挙 区 で 一 騎 打 ち は 47 衆院 選 . In: Asahi Shimbun Digital. October 10, 2017. Retrieved October 11, 2017 (Japanese).
  19. ↑ 3 極 対 決 、 選 挙 区 ７ 割 強 ＝ 与 党 VS 希望 VS 共産 が 120 超 . In: jiji.com . October 10, 2017. Retrieved October 11, 2017 (Japanese).
  20. ↑ Yomiuri Shimbun : Shūgiin election 2017 , overview table of candidates by party
  21. ↑ Asahi Shimbun : Shūin election 2017 , overview table of candidates by party
  22. ↑ LDP: Brochure on the election program ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) accessed on October 21, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / jimin.ncss.nifty.com
  23. ↑ 'Manifesto' era may be over but election campaigns still rife with rosy pledges and vague bottom lines. In: The Japan Times . October 19, 2017, accessed October 21, 2017 .
  24. ↑ Kibō no Tō: Wahlprogramm ( memento of the original from October 7, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) accessed on October 21, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / kibounotou.jp
  25. ↑ Ishin: Brochure on the election program (PDF) accessed on October 21, 2017.
  26. ↑ KPJ: Election Program , accessed on October 21, 2017.
  27. ↑ CDP: Brochure about the election program ( Memento of the original from October 8, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) accessed on October 21, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / cdp-japan.jp
  28. ↑ 期 日前 投票, 2137 万 8400 人 全 有 権 者 の ２ 割 . In: Asahi Shimbun Digital. October 22, 2017. Retrieved October 22, 2017 (Japanese).
  29. ↑ 期 日前 投票, 2137 万人 で 過去 最多 . In: nikkei.com . October 22, 2017. Retrieved October 22, 2017 (Japanese).
  30. ↑ 近 づ く 台風 ど う な る 衆院 選 . (No longer available online.) In: NHK News Online (online availability for a limited time). October 19, 2017, archived from the original on October 22, 2017 ; Retrieved October 21, 2017 (Japanese). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www3.nhk.or.jp
  31. ↑ 衆院 選 き ょ う 選 挙 戦 最終 日 台風 で 一部 投票 繰 り 上 げ も . (No longer available online.) In: NHK News Online (online availability for a limited time). October 21, 2017, archived from the original on October 20, 2017 ; Retrieved October 21, 2017 (Japanese). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www3.nhk.or.jp
  32. ↑ Powerful typhoon threatens to drown election turnout . In: The Japan Times . October 21, 2017, accessed October 22, 2017 .
  33. ↑ 衆院 選 の 投票所 、 前 回 よ り 876 カ 所 減 区域 見 直 し 進 む . In: Asahi Shimbun Digital. October 19, 2017. Retrieved October 21, 2017 (Japanese).
  34. ↑ 台風 接近 、 全国 109 か 所 で 衆院 選 繰 り 上 げ 投票 . (No longer available online.) In: TBS News . October 21, 2017, archived from the original on October 22, 2017 ; Retrieved October 21, 2017 (Japanese). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / news.tbs.co.jp
  35. ↑ 14 市町村 で 投票 前 倒 し 台風 接近 で 追加 措置 . In: nikkei.com . October 21, 2017. Retrieved October 21, 2017 (Japanese).
  36. ↑ 立 民 か ら 自 民 に １ 議席 比例 東海 、 候補 者 足 り ず . (No longer available online.) In: Chūnichi Shimbun evening edition. October 23, 2017, archived from the original on October 25, 2017 ; Retrieved October 23, 2017 (Japanese). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.chunichi.co.jp
  37. ^ DP leader Seiji Maehara to resign; Atsushi Oshima emerges as candidate to run Kibo no To. In: The Japan Times . October 27, 2017, accessed October 30, 2017 .
  38. ↑ 前 原 誠 司 代表 が 辞 任 、 新 代表 選出 の 両 院 議員 総 会 を 31 日 に 開 催 . Minshintō , October 30, 2017; accessed October 30, 2017 (Japanese).
  39. ↑ 民進党: 新 代表 に 大 塚 氏 幹事 長 や 国 対 委員長 は 不在 . In: Mainichi Shimbun . October 31, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017 (Japanese).
  40. ↑ 衆院 議長 、 大 島 氏 が 再 選 へ… 副 議長 に 赤松 氏 . (No longer available online.) In: Yomiuri Shimbun Online. October 30, 2017, archived from the original on November 5, 2017 ; Retrieved October 30, 2017 (Japanese). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.yomiuri.co.jp
  41. ↑ 第 ４ 次 安 倍 内閣 が 発 足 全 閣僚 を 再 任 . In: Nihon Keizai Shimbun . November 1, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017 (Japanese).
  42. ↑ 希望 ・ 小池 代表 が 辞 任 ＝ 後任 に 玉 木 氏 . In: Jiji Tsūshinsha . November 14, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017 (Japanese).