Shūgiin election in 1969

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Share of votes in%
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
47.6
21.4
10.9
7.7
6.8
3.7
0.2
Independent
Otherwise.
Gains and losses
compared to 1967
 % p
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-1.3
-6.5
+5.5
+0.3
+2.0
-1.9
± 0.0
Independent
Otherwise.
Distribution of seats after the 1969 election
      
A total of 486 seats

The 1969 Shūgiin election was the 32nd election to Shūgiin , the Japanese lower house, and took place on December 27, 1969. Since the election first took place in December, it was also known as the Shiwasu election ( Japanese 師 走 選 挙 shiwasu bekyo ; Shiwasu is the name of the twelfth month in the old Japanese calendar ).

Prime Minister Satō Eisaku concluded in November 1969 negotiations with the US government of Richard Nixon over the return of Okinawa under Japanese sovereignty successfully; on December 2, he dissolved parliament. After the losses of his Liberal Democratic Party in the previous election after the "Black Fog Scandal", Satō now tried to obtain a clear mandate for his expansion of security relations with the USA. Socialists and communists continued to oppose the security treaty with the USA in principle; the more moderate Democratic Socialist Party only demanded a revision of individual points.

The turnout was 65%.

Party / faction be right proportion of Seats modification
to the last election on the composition before the election
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) 22,381,570 47.63% 288 +11
     Satō faction 59
     Maeo faction 43
     Miki faction 39
     Nakasone faction 35
     Fukuda faction 31
     Kawashima faction 20th
     Sonoda faction 13
     Funada faction 12
     Murakami faction 10
     Fujiyama faction 6th
     Ishida faction 5
     Matsumura group 3
     without faction 11
Opposition parties 22,034,390 46.89% 182 +35
Socialist Party of Japan (SPJ) 10.074.101 21.44% 90 −50
Justice party 5,124,666 10.91% 47 +22
Democratic Socialist Party (DSP) 3,636,591 7.74% 31 +1
Communist Party of Japan (CPJ) 3,199,032 6.81% 14th +9
Independent and Others (*) 2,573,933 5.47% 16 +9
total 46,989,893 100.0% 486 ± 0

(*) All candidates elected were independents. Twelve joined the LDP faction, one of the DSP faction.

Effects

The increase in the number of seats in the LDP met the expectations of Prime Minister Sato. The CPJ and the relatively young Kōmeitō, who mainly advocated a “clean policy”, also recorded significant gains. The main loser in the election was the Socialist Party. The 55s system, a two-party system of the LDP and SPJ (with the CPJ as a small splinter party), began to experience its gradual erosion, which continued into the 1980s.

In 1969, many later leaders came to parliament for the first time, the so-called hana no shōwa 44-nen-gumi ( 花 の 昭和 44 年 組 , German "Flower Class of the Year Shōwa 44"). These included Kajiyama Seiroku (LDP; later General Secretary), Tsutomu Hata (LDP; later Prime Minister, opposition leader), Ichirō Ozawa (LDP; later Interior Minister, opposition leader), Etō Takami (independent; later LDP faction leader), Yoshirō Mori ( Independent; later LDP Prime Minister), Takako Doi (SPJ, later party leader and opposition leader), Tetsuzō Fuwa (KPJ, later chairman of the Central Committee).

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