Shūgiin election 1972

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Share of votes in%
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
46.9
21.9
10.5
8.5
7.0
5.0
0.3
Independent
Otherwise.
Gains and losses
compared to 1969
 % p
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
-0.7
+0.5
+3.7
-2.4
-0.7
+1.3
+0.1
Independent
Otherwise.
Distribution of seats after the 1972 election
       
A total of 491 seats

The 1972 Shūgiin election was the 33rd election to the Japanese House of Representatives ( Shūgiin ), the lower house of the national parliament . It took place on December 10, 1972 and resulted in an absolute parliamentary majority in the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in Japan.

Five months after taking office as LDP party leader and prime minister, Tanaka Kakuei had the Shūgiin dissolved on November 13, 1972. In September 1972 Tanaka had traveled to the People's Republic of China and signed a joint declaration on the establishment of diplomatic relations and the signing of a peace treaty to replace the 1952 Taipei Treaty with the Republic of China (Taiwan) . This was preceded by the recognition of the People's Republic by the United States under President Richard Nixon , which the Japanese government had caught unprepared. Foreign policy, especially relations with the USA and China, was thus also a central election campaign issue. In addition, the increase in defense spending, rising inflation, environmental pollution and a possible expansion of the social system were up for debate.

After Okinawa returned under Japanese sovereignty in May 1972, the island took part in Shūgiin elections for the first time since World War II . The prefecture of Okinawa formed as a whole a constituency with five members, the total number of deputies increased to 491. The turnout was 71.8%.

Party / faction be right proportion of Seats modification
to the last election on the composition before the election
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) 24,563,199 46.85% 271 −17
     Fukuda faction 55
     Tanaka faction 49
     Ōhira faction 45
     Nakasone faction 38
     Miki faction 36
     Shiina faction 18th
     Mizuta faction 13
     Ishii faction 9
     Funada faction 9
     Fujiyama faction 2
     without faction 8th
Opposition parties 25.216.298 48.10% 206 +24
Socialist Party of Japan (SPJ) 11,478,742 21.90% 118 +28
Communist Party of Japan (CPJ) 5,496,828 10.49% 38 +24
Kōmeitō 4,436,756 8.46% 29 −18
Democratic Socialist Party (DSP) 3,660,953 6.98% 19th −12
Other (*) 143.019 0.27% 2 (+2)
Independent (*) 2,645,582 5.05% 14th −2
total 52.425.079 100.0% 491 +5 +19 (14 vacancies)

(*) Other: A member of the “Okinawa People's Socialist Party” ( 沖 縄 社会 大衆 党 , Okinawa shakai taishū-tō ; after the election to the DSP parliamentary group) and one of the “Okinawa People's Party” ( 沖 縄 人民 党 , Okinawa jinmin-tō ; after the election to the CPJ parliamentary group). By the day of the first session, 13 of the elected independents had joined the LDP parliamentary group.

Effects

A much higher turnout than three years before the LDP lost light, but was due to the in a chamber of the Parliament majority electoral system defend a clear absolute majority. Tanaka's position in the party was confirmed by the people after the election; his most important internal party rival Fukuda Takeo was included as a minister in the new cabinet .

While the center-left parties, the DSP and the Kōmeitō, collapsed drastically, the gains of the opposition went in favor of the more radical SPJ and KPJ, which opposed the security treaty with the USA and the increase (or existence) of spending on the self-defense forces fought. The CPY achieved the position as the second largest opposition party and exceeded the threshold of 20 MPs, which is necessary for the independent introduction of draft laws.

The election in the 1st constituency of Chiba (4 seats; consisting of Chiba , Ichikawa , Funabashi , Matsudo and the counties of Chiba-gun , Ichihara-gun and Higashikatsushika-gun ) was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court , but as with unconstitutional Sangiin- Elections are not usually canceled or repeated. Instead, a new constituency division was decided in 1975 and the 4th constituency of Chiba was created with an additional 3 seats.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 衆議院 議員 選 挙 制度 の 変 遷