Election of the Prime Minister of Japan
An election of the prime minister ( Japanese 内閣 総 理 大臣 指名 選 挙 , naikakusōridaijin shimei bekyo , actually something like "election to determine the prime minister", since the elected prime minister still has to be formally appointed; also shuhan ... ( 首 班 ) or shushō ... ( 首相 ) ... shimei Senkyo ) in the national parliament has been deciding on the Prime Minister of Japan since 1947 . It is carried out when a cabinet resigns. The cabinet must resign as a whole: 1. at the first meeting of Parliament after a general election of the House of Representatives , 2. after a vote of no confidence in the House of Representatives, which was not answered by the dissolution of the Chamber, or 3. when the Prime Minister no longer holds his office can e.g. B. because of resignation, death, illness, kidnapping, defection or subsequent disqualification because he did not meet the official requirements at the time of his election. Although the constitution determines the election by the entire parliament, the House of Representatives has the decisive vote in the event of a conflict.
Procedure
The prime minister is elected by the national parliament from among its own ranks. Both chambers vote separately by roll call. If no candidate in a chamber achieves an absolute majority in the first ballot, a run-off election is held between the two candidates with the most votes. If a candidate has received a majority in both chambers in the votes, he is the prime minister-designate. If both chambers vote for different candidates, which has been the case five times so far, the council house must convene the mediation committee ( 両 院 協議 会 , ryōin kyōgikai ). If the representatives of both chambers agree on a candidate there or if a candidate receives the votes of two thirds of the members of the committee, he is the prime minister designated by parliament. Otherwise, the candidate chosen by the House of Representatives will automatically become that of the whole Parliament. The latter is also the case if the Council House has not voted within ten days of the vote in the House of Representatives.
The Prime Minister designated by Parliament becomes Prime Minister once he has completed the appointment ceremony at the Tennō . Until then, the predecessor is in charge of the office, in the event of a vacancy his deputy.
Previous elections
Only the two candidates with the most votes are listed, in the case of runoff only the result of the runoff. Runoff election results are underlined .
| Kokkai | date | Result in the House of Representatives | Result in the council house | Preceded | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Runner-up candidate | Prime Minister Designate | Runner-up candidate | ||||||||
| Voting winner in the council house (if different) |
||||||||||
| 1. | May 23, 1947 | Shigeru Yoshida ( LPJ ) | 1 | 420 | Tetsu Katayama ( SPJ ) | 205 | 1 | Kijūrō Shidehara ( DP ) | Election of the House of Representatives in 1947 [= compulsory resignation], election of councilors in 1947 | |
| Akira Saitō ( Rikken Yōseikai ) | 1 | 1 | Yukio Ozaki (independent) | |||||||
| 2. | Feb 21, 1948 | Shigeru Yoshida (LPJ) | 180 | 216 | Hitoshi Ashida (DP) | Shigeru Yoshida (LPJ) | 104 | 102 | Hitoshi Ashida (DP) | [legally voluntary] resignation of the cabinet over SPJ wing fighting |
| 3. | Oct 14, 1948 | Tetsu Katayama (SPJ) | 1 | 185 | Shigeru Yoshida ( DLP ) | 144 | 29 | Tetsu Katayama (SPJ) | Resignation in the wake of the Shōwa-Denkō scandal | |
| 5. | Feb 11, 1949 | Inejirō Asanuma (SPJ) | 86 | 350 | Shigeru Yoshida (DLP) | 167 | 26th | Inejirō Asanuma (SPJ) | (requested for the purpose of dissolution) vote of no confidence & House election 1949 | |
| 15th | Oct. 24, 1952 | Mamoru Shigemitsu ( Progressive Party ) | 88 | 247 | Shigeru Yoshida ( LP ) | 126 | 35 | Mosaburō Suzuki (Left SPJ) | Dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 1952 | |
| 16. | May 19, 1953 | Mamoru Shigemitsu (Progressive Party) | 115 | 204 | Shigeru Yoshida (LP) | 141 | 47 | Mosaburō Suzuki (Left SPJ) | No confidence vote & House election 1953 | |
| 20th | Dec 9, 1954 | Taketora Ogata (LP) | 191 | 257 | Ichirō Hatoyama ( DPJ ) | 116 | 85 | Taketora Ogata (LP) | Resignation after motion of no confidence | |
| 22nd | 18 Mar 1955 | Mosaburō Suzuki (Left SPJ) | 160 | 254 | Ichirō Hatoyama (DPJ) | 99 | 59 | Mosaburō Suzuki (Left SPJ) | Dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 1955 | |
| 23. | Nov 22, 1955 | Mosaburō Suzuki (SPJ) | 150 | 288 | Ichirō Hatoyama ( LDP ) | 149 | 64 | Mosaburō Suzuki (SPJ) | Resignation after the unification of the DPJ and LP to form the LDP | |
| 26th | Dec 20, 1956 | Mosaburō Suzuki (SPJ) | 150 | 291 | Tanzan Ishibashi (LDP) | 150 | 77 | Mosaburō Suzuki (SPJ) | New election of the LDP chairman | |
| 26th | Feb 25, 1957 | Mosaburō Suzuki (SPJ) | 129 | 276 | Nobusuke Kishi (LDP) | 147 | 70 | Mosaburō Suzuki (SPJ) | Resignation after incapacity (stroke) of the Prime Minister | |
| 29 | June 12, 1958 | Mosaburō Suzuki (SPJ) | 162 | 290 | Nobusuke Kishi (LDP) | 132 | 74 | Mosaburō Suzuki (SPJ) | Dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 1958 | |
| 35. | July 18, 1960 | Inejirō Asanuma (SPJ) | 121 | 275 | Hayato Ikeda (LDP) | 143 | 69 | Inejirō Asanuma (SPJ) | New election of the LDP chairman | |
| 37. | Dec. 7, 1960 | Saburō Eda (SPJ) | 141 | 290 | Hayato Ikeda (LDP) | 134 | 62 | Saburō Eda (SPJ) | Dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 1960 | |
| 45. | Dec 9, 1963 | Jōtarō Kawakami (SPJ) | 137 | 280 | Hayato Ikeda (LDP) | 138 | 55 | Jōtarō Kawakami (SPJ) | Dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 1963 | |
| 47. | Nov 9, 1964 | Jōtarō Kawakami (SPJ) | 137 | 283 | Eisaku Satō (LDP) | 146 | 56 | Jōtarō Kawakami (SPJ) | Resignation of the Prime Minister for health reasons | |
| 55. | Feb. 17, 1967 | Kōzō Sasaki (SPJ) | 131 | 279 | Eisaku Satō (LDP) | 123 | 60 | Kōzō Sasaki (SPJ) | Dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 1967 | |
| 63. | Jan. 14, 1970 | Tomomi Narita (SPJ) | 89 | 297 | Eisaku Satō (LDP) | 126 | 56 | Tomomi Narita (SPJ) | Dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 1970 | |
| 69. | July 6, 1972 | Tomomi Narita (SPJ) | 86 | 297 | Kakuei Tanaka (LDP) | 133 | 62 | Tomomi Narita (SPJ) | New election of the LDP chairman | |
| 71. | Dec 22, 1972 | Tomomi Narita (SPJ) | 116 | 280 | Kakuei Tanaka (LDP) | 128 | 60 | Tomomi Narita (SPJ) | Dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 1972 | |
| 74. | Dec 9, 1974 | Tomomi Narita (SPJ) | 117 | 278 | Takeo Miki (LDP) | 130 | 66 | Tomomi Narita (SPJ) | New election of the LDP chairman | |
| 79. | Dec. 24, 1976 | Tomomi Narita (SPJ) | 122 | 256 | Takeo Fukuda (LDP) | 125 | 64 | Tomomi Narita (SPJ) | Lockheed scandal , end of parliamentary term & election 1976 , new election of the LDP chairman | |
| 86. | 7th Dec 1978 | Shōichi Shimodaira (SPJ) | 116 | 254 | Masayoshi Ōhira (LDP) | 126 | 52 | Shōichi Shimodaira (SPJ) | New election of the LDP chairman | |
| 89. | Nov 6, 1979 | Takeo Fukuda (LDP) | 121 | 138 | Masayoshi Ōhira (LDP) | 97 | 52 | Ichio Asukata (SPJ) | Kakufuku war , motion of censure, dissolution and election 1979 | |
| 92. | 17th July 1980 | Ichio Asukata (SPJ) | 106 | 291 | Zenkō Suzuki (LDP) | 134 | 52 | Ichio Asukata (SPJ) | Vote of no confidence, election to the House of Representatives in 1980 , death of the Prime Minister in the election campaign | |
| 97. | Nov. 26, 1982 | Ichio Asukata (SPJ) | 102 | 287 | Yasuhiro Nakasone (LDP) | 130 | 50 | Ichio Asukata (SPJ) | New election of the LDP chairman | |
| 101. | Dec 26, 1983 | Masashi Ishibashi (SPJ) | 114 | 265 | Yasuhiro Nakasone (LDP) | 131 | 47 | Masashi Ishibashi (SPJ) | Motion of no confidence, dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 1983 | |
| 106. | July 22, 1986 | Masashi Ishibashi (SPJ) | 84 | 304 | Yasuhiro Nakasone (LDP) | 139 | 45 | Masashi Ishibashi (SPJ) | Dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 1986 | |
| 110. | Nov 6, 1987 | Takako Doi (SPJ) | 145 | 299 | Noboru Takeshita (LDP) | 143 | 72 | Takako Doi (SPJ) | New election of the LDP chairman | |
| 114. | June 2, 1989 | Takako Doi (SPJ) | 139 | 285 | Sōsuke Uno (LDP) | 124 | 65 | Takako Doi (SPJ) | Recruit scandal , new election of the LDP chairman | |
| 115. | Aug 9, 1989 | Takako Doi (SPJ) | 142 | 294 | Toshiki Kaifu (LDP) | Takako Doi (SPJ) | 127 | 109 | Toshiki Kaifu (LDP) | Defeat in council election in 1989 and re-election of the LDP chairman |
| 118. | Feb. 27, 1990 | Takako Doi (SPJ) | 146 | 286 | Toshiki Kaifu (LDP) | 111 | 91 | Takako Doi (SPJ) | Dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 1990 | |
| 122. | Nov 5, 1991 | Makoto Tanabe (SPJ) | 140 | 276 | Kiichi Miyazawa (LDP) | 115 | 85 | Makoto Tanabe (SPJ) | New election of the LDP chairman | |
| 127. | Aug 6, 1993 | Yōhei Kōno (LDP) | 224 | 262 | Morihiro Hosokawa ( NJP ) | 132 | 93 | Yōhei Kōno (LDP) | No confidence vote, dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 1993 | |
| 129. | Apr 25, 1994 | Yōhei Kōno (LDP) | 207 | 274 | Tsutomu Hata ( Renewal Party ) | 127 | 95 | Yōhei Kōno (LDP) | Resignation after the Sagawa Express scandal, internal coalition conflicts | |
| 129. | June 29, 1994 | Toshiki Kaifu (independent) | 214 | 261 | Tomiichi Murayama (SPJ) | 148 | 63 | Toshiki Kaifu (independent) | Resignation after motion of no confidence | |
| 135. | Jan. 11, 1996 | Ichirō Ozawa ( NFP ) | 167 | 288 | Ryūtarō Hashimoto (LDP) | 158 | 69 | Ichirō Ozawa (NFP) | Selection of councils in 1995 , resignations from the party, changed balance of power in the coalition | |
| 138. | Nov 7, 1996 | Ichirō Ozawa (NFP) | 152 | 262 | Ryūtarō Hashimoto (LDP) | 145 | 68 | Ichirō Ozawa (NFP) | Dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 1996 | |
| 143. | July 30, 1998 | Naoto Kan ( DP ) | 164 | 268 | Keizō Obuchi (LDP) | Naoto Kan (DP) | 142 | 103 | Keizō Obuchi (LDP) | Defeat in council election in 1998 , new election of the LDP chairman |
| 147. | Apr 5, 2000 | Yukio Hatoyama (DP) | 95 | 335 | Yoshirō Mori (LDP) | 137 | 56 | Yukio Hatoyama (DP) | Incapacity (stroke) of the Prime Minister | |
| 148. | 4th July 2000 | Yukio Hatoyama (DP) | 130 | 284 | Yoshirō Mori (LDP) | 133 | 60 | Yukio Hatoyama (DP) | Motion of censure, dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 2000 | |
| 151 | Apr 26, 2001 | Yukio Hatoyama (DP) | 127 | 287 | Jun'ichirō Koizumi (LDP) | 138 | 59 | Yukio Hatoyama (DP) | New election of the LDP chairman | |
| 158. | Nov 19, 2003 | Naoto Kan (DP) | 186 | 281 | Jun'ichirō Koizumi (LDP) | 136 | 81 | Naoto Kan (DP) | Dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 2003 | |
| 163. | 21 Sep 2005 | Seiji Maehara (DP) | 114 | 340 | Jun'ichirō Koizumi (LDP) | 134 | 84 | Seiji Maehara (DP) | Motion of no confidence, dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 2005 | |
| 165. | 26 Sep 2006 | Ichirō Ozawa (DP) | 115 | 339 | Shinzō Abe (LDP) | 136 | 85 | Ichirō Ozawa (DP) | New election of the LDP chairman | |
| 168. | 25 Sep 2007 | Ichirō Ozawa (DP) | 117 | 338 | Yasuo Fukuda (LDP) | Ichirō Ozawa (DP) | 133 | 106 | Yasuo Fukuda (LDP) | Defeat in council election in 2007 and re-election of the LDP chairman |
| 170. | Sep 24 2008 | Ichirō Ozawa (DP) | 117 | 337 | Tarō Asō (LDP) | Ichirō Ozawa (DP) | 125 | 108 | Tarō Asō (LDP) | New election of the LDP chairman |
| 172. | 16 Sep 2009 | Masatoshi Wakabayashi (LDP) | 119 | 327 | Yukio Hatoyama (DP) | 124 | 84 | Masatoshi Wakabayashi (LDP) | Dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 2009 | |
| 174. | June 4th 2010 | Sadakazu Tanigaki (LDP) | 116 | 313 | Naoto Kan (DP) | 123 | 71 | Sadakazu Tanigaki (LDP) | New election of the DP chairman | |
| 177. | Aug 30, 2011 | Sadakazu Tanigaki (LDP) | 118 | 308 | Yoshihiko Noda (DP) | 110 | 107 | Sadakazu Tanigaki (LDP) | Failed vote of no confidence, new election of the DP chairman | |
| 182 | Dec 26, 2012 | Banri Kaieda (DP) | 57 | 328 | Shinzō Abe (LDP) | 107 | 96 | Banri Kaieda (DP) | Dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 2012 | |
| 188. | Dec 24, 2014 | Katsuya Okada (DP) | 73 | 328 | Shinzō Abe (LDP) | 135 | 61 | Katsuya Okada (DP) | Dissolution and election of the House of Representatives 2014 | |
| 195. | Nov 1, 2017 | Yukio Edano ( KDP ) | 60 | 312 | Shinzō Abe (LDP) | 151 | 48 | Kōhei Ōtsuka ( DFP ) | Dissolution and election of the House of Representatives in 2017 | |
Web links
- National Parliamentary Library : Parliamentary Minutes Database (Japanese)
- Sangiin : Overview of the Kokkai session periods , from the 2000s with voting results in the plenum of the Sangiin separately as a pdf