sweet
| Candy - related terms | |
|---|---|
| Hard candy | Lollipops , hard caramels, drops, mussels , permanent lollipops |
| Soft candy | Chewable candy, soft caramel, gummy candy |
| according to ingredients | Fruit candy , cough drops , caramels , bang shower , Turkish Pepper |
A candy ( the or the , of French bon , "good", also: the or the Drops in Austria sweetener, in parts of Switzerland Zältli or Täfeli, ) is a candy that by boiling sugar solution with corn syrup or invert in conjunction is made with odor and flavor additives and aromas .
Candies can be eaten as candy or taken for medicinal reasons, such as cough drops .
Sweets come in almost every imaginable color and taste; the shape is usually that of an ellipsoid , more rarely a sphere or a cuboid . Some sweets have a particularly sweet, sour or liquid filling. A distinction is made between hard candies , which have a glass-like structure and a water content of up to 3%, and soft candies (toffee, toffie) , which are tough, have a chewing gum-like consistency and contain up to 8% water. These soft candies are also chews called and chewed unlike other sweets and not sucked. Unlike chewing gum , such a candy gradually dissolves during the chewing process.
Sweets are mostly sold in plastic bags and also in the individual packaging that is typical of sweets, in which the sweets are wrapped in a small, colored piece of paper or foil. If a candy has a stick to hold on to, it is also called a lollipop .
The word “candy” is often used as a synonym for a reward, a bonus or an additional service (for example, a car dealer offers a set of new tires as a candy when the purchase is made).
history
The history of candy dates back over a thousand years; Even before sugar production became known, there were sweets made from honey in ancient China, Greece, the Roman Empire and other regions, which corresponded to candy. Among other things, they contained coated fruits or flowers. After it was discovered in Persia around 600 how sugar can be made from sugar cane juice , as a result, around 700 in Arabia, “Fanid Chsai”, a candy mass made from sugar and fruit juice, was traded in Arabia. The pharmacists were the first in Europe to mix bitter herbal extracts with sugar to make them more palatable.
Sugar was very expensive and it was mostly only princes and royal courts who could afford the wealth of sweets. One story says that King Henri IV (1553–1610) had sugar confectionery offered for his wedding in 1572 . The children are said to have exclaimed “Bon!” (French: good) and, as an increase, “Bon! Bon! ”, From which the name Bonbon is said to have originated. The manufacture of sugar from sugar beet and the industrialization of production made sugar cheaper and a product of everyday use.
The industrial candy production in Germany goes back to Franz Stollwerck . He founded a shortbread bakery in Cologne in 1839 and quickly realized that “breast sweets” were in great demand because of the throat and lung diseases that were common at the time. Since he had learned caramelization , i.e. the simmering of sugar and mixing with all kinds of herbs and fruits, during his time as a journeyman in Paris , he expanded his confectionery to include a candy factory. From 1841 onwards he produced “Stollwerck's breast sweets” here and his sales success quickly resulted in a legal dispute with the pharmacists who reserved the right to produce such medicines and remedies. After numerous lawsuits, he obtained a ministerial decree of January 2, 1846, according to which "the confectioners of the entire Prussian state are not barred from making and selling caramels, sweets and other goods".
From then on, he expanded his sales channels far beyond the borders of the German customs union . By the end of 1846, Stollwerck already had 44 sales outlets and more than 1,000 agents in Germany. He had set up “general defeats” for larger sales areas; the sellers were confectioners, shopkeepers, pharmacists, delicatessens, restaurants, theater pubs and the train station restaurants in the then rapidly growing railway network in Europe. Because of his sales success he was called the "Camellian Napoleon" in Cologne and the surrounding area.
Sugar-free candies
Some of the sweets sold today are not made with sugar, but with sugar substitutes . Sugar substitutes are not intensive sweeteners .
The most common sugar substitute used in candy is isomalt . It's made from beet sugar and tastes almost like sugar. The sweets made from isomalt have about half as much energy (see: physiological calorific value ) as sugar sweets . They have a glycemic index of 8, which is twelve times less effective on blood sugar levels.
In particular, cough drops or throat therapeutic agents are often made from this sugar substitute. Since these candies dissolve more slowly than sugar candies, the healing or soothing ingredients have longer time to develop their effects. In contrast to sugar candies, the candies made with Isomalt do not have to be individually wrapped in foil or paper, as they do not become sticky even at higher temperatures and high humidity. They are often sold in " flip-top boxes ".
Sweets are made from pure xylitol less often , as this weakly binding sugar alcohol is more complex to process. Xylitol creates a cooling effect on the tongue and enhances refreshing flavors such as menthol. It has the same sweetness as sugar ( sucrose ), all other substitutes have about half the sweetness. The advantage of xylitol over isomalt is its additional inhibiting effect against caries bacteria and yeast fungi ( Candida albicans ). Its glycemic index of 7 is even lower than that of isomalt.
Many of the well-known candy brands are also available in a sugar-free version. Whether a candy is made with sugar or a sugar substitute must be declared on the packaging. As a rule, the package says “sugar-free”, and the declaration list shows exactly which sugar substitute was used. If the content of substitutes exceeds 10%, a possible “laxative effect in the event of excessive consumption” must be indicated on the packaging. Sugar substitutes act like fiber. Particularly sensitive people could therefore notice a similar effect as, for example, after eating plums or whole-grain bread. Normal amounts of sugar-free sweets are usually very well tolerated by adults and children.
Other names
There are many variants of the word “bonbon”, some in dialectal but also in high-level language:
- Austria : candy
- Western Austria : Bolla
- Central Germany : Schnongse (r) , Bongsl
- Room Dresden : Mohler
- Southern Germany : Guzzi - common in Western Austria, Gutti , Guzel , Guadl , Gutsele , Gutsle , Gutsl , candy , Zuckerle , licker , treat , Fustoale , Zeidl
- North Rhine-Westphalia : Bombs , Brocken , Klömpkes , Klümpchen , Kamellen , Ballekes , Babbelkes , Bömskes , Bröckskes , Bröck , Schnutz , Sallekes , Bollchen (in the Lippe area)
- Hessen / Central Hesse : Zuckerstein (spoken exclusively in the dialect "Zuggestoa") , Guudsje (in Offenbach am Main), Knolle (in the Frankfurt am Main area), Bomsche , Bombo , Schnuck (as a general name for sweets )
- South Hesse : Knolle , Knollen ("der ...") , Guuds , Gudsje
- Hanover , Braunschweig , Magdeburg : Bollchen , Bolschen , Bolchen , Bollo
- Northern Germany : Bonscher , Bonschen , Bonschi , Bommer , Drops , lozenge , pastille , Bönger , Bonger , Bointje , Bontje , Cachou (breast or cough drops )
- Switzerland : Dröbsli , Zältli , Zückerli , Zockerbollä , Züggi , Zockerstei , Täfeli , Gutzi , Bummeli , Dääfi
- Pfalz / Saarland : Guddsje (with a short u), Gudsje (with a long u), Schnäges (as a general term for sweets ), Zuckerbunne (sugar beans)
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bruno Kuske: 100 Years of Stollwerck History 1839–1939. Cologne 1939.
- ↑ JM Tanzer: Xylitol chewing gum and dental caries. In: International dental journal 45 (1995, 1 Suppl 1), pp. 65-76. PMID 7607747
- ↑ Khaled H. Abu-Elteen: The influence of dietary carbohydrates on in vitro adherence of four Candida species to human buccal epithelial cells. In: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease (2005), 17 (3), pp. 156-162.
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from August 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.zusatzstoffe-online.de/zusatzstoffe/301.e967_xylit.html
