Tunnel station
Tunnel stations are stations that were built in rail tunnels . So they are below the normal level of the environment in which they were built. Mostly they are stations for the underground or S-Bahn with two to four tracks.
The world's largest train station (in terms of passenger volume), Shinjuku in Tokyo , the long-distance train station in New York City , Penn Station , as well as Berlin Hauptbahnhof and Zurich Hauptbahnhof are, at least in areas, tunnel stations.
architecture
Tunnel stations that are used exclusively for S-Bahn traffic are mostly double-track stations with island or outside platforms. In rare cases, there are also four-track stopping points at central transfer points, in order to enable delay-free operations even with longer stops. There are also underground S-Bahn stations with the option of changing to the U-Bahn on the same level, with two island platforms making it possible to change from the train to the U-Bahn in the same direction. At stations where an underground line crosses a railway line orthogonally, the platforms are on different levels that are connected to one another.
Underground long-distance train stations, on the other hand, are usually designed like through stations, with a raised cross platform providing access to the individual tracks. Instead of an access level, there is usually a balcony with access stairs above the tracks, from which the tracks are completely visible. At some long-distance train stations, the tunnel ceiling is exposed so that the train station is in an uncovered trough, such as the train station in Neu-Ulm . There are also underground main stations where the tunnel is open, but the open area is built over with the station building.
Bus stations
In some countries, long-distance bus connections play an important role in long-distance public transport. Compared to the city bus lines, the long-distance buses usually do not stop at the conventional stops, but in bus stations that are designed similar to a main train station in cities , but are served by buses from different companies, which usually only stop in larger cities. To avoid traffic chaos and traffic jams near bus stations, some cities have relocated their bus stations underground, with the exits leading directly to larger thoroughfares or expressways. There are underground bus stations. a. in:
Other types of station
Through station , island station , wedge station , terminal station , riding station and tower station differ according to their location in the track network and the underground station describes a tunnel station of a different traffic system.