Farge

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Route of the Bremen-Farge – Bremen-Vegesack railway with the Bremen-Farge terminus

Farge is a part of the Bremen district of Blumenthal in the northern district . Before that, Farge was part of the Osterholz district and the Blumenthal district .

From 1923 to 1960, Farge also included the neighboring community of Rekum ; Since then, Farge and Rekum have been listed as separate districts by the Bremen city administration. In 2014 the 539  hectare Farge had 2820 inhabitants.

Meaning received Farge by the special military buildings that had to perform in the town and the surrounding area the regime NS ( Wifo-tank farm , Valentin submarine pens , Navy fuel depot) and the associated labor camp ( KZ-Farge , Arbeitserziehungslager Farge ).

history

Official seal of the community of Farge in the Osterholz district in 1939, with the signature of the mayor Kühlke
Building of the former chair tube factory from 1893, in today's Bernhardt-Ring industrial park in Farge
Stuhlrohrfabrik, side view (2017)

From 1500 to 1933

The place name Farge indicates the proximity to the Weser and the existence of a ferry that still exists today (heavy-duty ferry Farge-Berne). The name Farge is first recorded in 1586.

After the First Bremen-Swedish War in 1654, the area came under Swedish sovereignty as the Duchy of Bremen , and in 1715 it became part of the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg (later referred to as the Electorate of Hanover ). The independent community of Farge, which grew rapidly from the 1850s to around 1914, belonged to the Blumenthal district and thus to the Kingdom of Hanover until 1866, then to the Prussian province of Hanover until 1939 . In 1932 Farge was assigned to the Osterholz district together with the dissolved Blumenthal district . On November 1, 1939, the municipality of Farge was separated from the administrative district of Stade and incorporated into the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen on the basis of the fourth ordinance on the rebuilding of the Reich .

Starting from four farms, the village developed mainly along the banks of the Weser. Around 1853 it consisted of 39 thatched roof houses owned by farmers and boatmen.

In 1852 the industry found its way. In 1853, with English capital, English workers and an English director, the Witteburg stoneware factory was built on the banks of the Weser, in which English white clay was processed. Company apartments were built for the English workers in today's Koloniestraße, ten semi-detached houses with tiled roofs, similar to the English workers' settlements of that time. They still exist today (2018). The production was stopped in 1953, the factory buildings were removed without a trace by 1965. The private Farge-Vegesacker Railway was built from 1884 to 1888 , mainly for freight transport to the Witteborg stoneware factory in Farge and to the Bremer Wollkammerei in Blumenthal, founded in 1883 . In 1893, a factory building by the company Vereinigte Holzindustrie Frankenthal was built behind the station to process alder and poplar trunks into box, plywood and veneer wood - the buildings are currently (2018) partially empty. From 1907 to 1940, rattan cane from Indonesia was processed there, with a maximum of 500 employees at the Hanseatic chair cane factory Rümcker & Ude / Bergedorf. The Farger road became the main link road.

In 1904 the Protestant Farger Chapel was built, a cemetery was laid out in 1908 and a parish hall was built in 1910. In 1916 the construction of the coal-fired power station Unterweser began, using prisoners of war from the First World War. The power plant went online in 1924 with a turbine output of 12 megawatts. The output was expanded to around 150 megawatts in the 1950s. In 1919, the municipal council was elected for the first time in free, general and equal elections.

In 1923 the heavily indebted community of Rekum was connected to the financially better off community of Farge. Richard Taylor (1868–1953), mayor of Farge since 1917, disapproved of this approach: “The idea of ​​amalgamating Rekum and Farge cannot be called a happy one because the inhabitants of the two parishes are fundamentally different. Rekum has old settled families and belongs to the parish of Neuenkirchen. The majority of the residents of Farge, on the other hand, came from all over Germany as a result of industry and are part of the church in Blumenthal. ”Taylor remained the local mayor of the enlarged community of Farge until 1937.

The NSDAP in Farge

Farge Youth Recreation Home 2012

The first meetings of the NSDAP took place before 1931 in Olaf Lübsen's inn (today: Rekumer Straße 116) in Rekum. The local group Farge of the NSDAP was founded in 1931 in Rekum, in the restaurant of Theodor Brandhorst (today: Rekumer Str. 12). The first local group leader was Hans Kühlke (1904–1959) until 1939, followed by Johann Dietrich Trüper from 1940 to 1941, and Kurt Martin from 1941 to 1945. At the house of JH Chantelau (today Rekumer Straße 52) there was one during the Nazi era official NSDAP information board This is where the NSDAP speaks .

In the Reichstag election on March 5, 1933, the NSDAP received only 674 of 1,797 votes. On March 12, 1933, the last municipal council election took place in Farge. The NSDAP received 4 seats, the list of Bürgerliche Einheit 4, the SPD 5 and the KPD 2 seats. The KPD representatives were expelled immediately - as a result of the Communist persecution across the Reich by means of the Reichstag Fire Ordinance. Mayor Taylor (independent) remained in office, community secretary Johann Kroog (SPD) was dismissed on June 30, 1933. The property of the workers gymnastics club Frei Heil was confiscated by the community. Ebertstrasse, Liebknechtstrasse and Bebelstrasse were renamed Tannenstrasse (today Heinrich-Steffens-Strasse), Kapellenstrasse and Wasserweg. In 1937 the NSDAP district administrator von Osterholz replaced Richard Taylor as mayor with NSDAP local group leader Hans Kühlke. With the incorporation of Farge into the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen on November 1, 1939, Kühlke's term of office and the municipal self-government in Farge ended. Since April 1, 1940, Farge has been administered by the newly formed Blumenthal office of the Hanseatic City of Bremen .

In 1938/39 a home for the Hitler Youth was built according to plans by Eduard Scotland ; the construction costs were shared by the NSDAP (14,000 RM) and the municipality of Farge (40,000 RM). It was used in the Second World War to accommodate flak soldiers, then as a residential building and after 1960 as a municipal youth leisure home.

Supporters and opponents of the Nazi regime in Farge

The SA was founded in 1932, its leader was Wilhelm Leopold. The Farger SA men initially belonged to SA Standard 411 Wesermünde. After 1939 they formed Storm No. 5 of SA Standard No. 29. The regime organized young people from 14 to 18 years of age almost forcibly into the Hitler Youth (HJ) including the Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM). School children aged 10-14 were organized as young people (boys) and young girls . Hitler Youth and Jungvolk were active in Farge.

Probably the highest-ranking Nazi functionary from Farge was Johann-Martin Segelken (1914–1991), co-founder of the Farge NSDAP local group and since 1944 head of the Hitler Youth of Bremen (see main article Bremen at the time of National Socialism ).

Most of the declared opponents of the Nazi regime were communists. Wilhelm Faust (* 1891) was taken into protective custody as a functionary of the banned KPD from March to August 1933. In November 1936, six Farger Communists were denounced by neighbors to the Gestapo , imprisoned and sentenced in August 1937 by the special senate of the Hanseatic Higher Regional Court in Bremen to prison and penal terms of up to 3 years and 6 months for "preparation for high treason".

Herbert Leßner (1907–1967), pastor of the Reformed Church in Farge, was interrogated by the Gestapo on April 14, 1938 and taken into protective custody for eight days .

The communist Claudius Gosau , engine driver at the Gottlieb Tesch / Wifo company and resident in the Tesch Am Schützenplatz camp , was arrested by the Gestapo in 1943. He had contradicted the Nazi war propaganda and had been denounced by work colleagues. He was sentenced to death and executed in Brandenburg-Görden in 1944.

Construction activity of the Nazi regime in Farge

Notice from the Gestapo Bremen regarding the prison camp in Farge

The government's construction activities took place without the direct involvement of Farger NSDAP and the local council. The land sales of more than 600 hectares, forced by the Wirtschaftliche Forschungsgesellschaft mbH (Wifo) and the High Command of the Navy for construction purposes, were made privately; Wifo acquired 6.6 hectares of community property in 1939. From the mid-1930s onwards, Wifo built a tank farm in Farger Heide under the cover name Wasserberg . At the beginning of 1939, the Farge naval tank farm of the German navy on the border with Neuenkirchen / Schwanewede was added as a further construction measure. In the summer of 1943, construction of the Valentin submarine bunker shipyard began in the Rekum district . On all of these major construction sites (which had been spied on by the Allied aerial reconnaissance since 1943 at the latest), the more than 100 contracted companies had mainly employed forced laborers, prisoners and prisoners of war since 1941. These were housed in barracks, in existence since 1943 KZ Farge , in Arbeitserziehungslager Farge on the grounds of Community Marine camp Neuenkirchen, and in POW camps. In 1944 there were two to three times more camp prisoners than residents in Farge. From 1940 to 1945 female forced laborers produced armaments for the Weser-Flug company in the buildings of the former chair tube factory. Their warehouse was on the site of today's industrial park on Bernhardtring.

Allied attacks and end of the war

USAF 1943-09 aerial photo
as above, with infrastructure (roads and rails)

Farge was bombed seven times (1940, 1941, 1942, 1945). The goals were the train station, Wifo tank farm and in 1945 the Valentin submarine bunker. Numerous houses in the village were also hit.

On April 10, the SS forced the exhausted prisoners of the Farge concentration camp to march in the direction of Neuengamme ( “death march” ) in order to eliminate as many witnesses to their crimes as possible. Since April 27, 1945, the orders of the British military government applied in Bremen. Farge and the surrounding area were only liberated about 10 days later.

Farge after liberation in 1945

On April 28, 1945 British soldiers entered Blumenthal. A few days later they were followed by US soldiers.

In 1945, Wilhelm Ahrens (SPD) was initially appointed by the military government as district mayor or head of the Blumenthal local authority responsible for Farge and was soon elected to office. He supported the public plaintiff of the Arbitration Chamber in denazification proceedings and tried to procure food, housing and jobs for the needy population. The US Army took over the Farge tank farm in May 1945 . The three underground pipelines, some of which run in concrete tunnels as tall as a man, from the oil pier on the banks of the Weser to the fuel tanks below the village, were used for decades. The processing of the construction site of the Valentin submarine bunker and the administration and management of Wehrmacht property in Farge were the responsibility of the Bremen Regional Finance Office until 1948.

Until well into the 1960s, refugees were temporarily quartered in prisoner or soldier barracks. In 1958, 416 people lived in 59 barracks with 107 apartments a. a. in the former labor education or concentration camp in Lagerstraße, in the former Tesch camp in the Wifo area, in the Kögel barracks Unterm Berg. The new housing estate Farger Feld with 412 apartments, completed in 1958, was the first major project to alleviate the general housing shortage. The administrative expansion of Farge through the takeover of the municipality of Rekum in 1923 was retained until the 1960s. The urban structure determined by ordinance lists Farge and Rekum as separate districts after 1957. The place name Farge-Rekum is common among the population .

In the buildings of the former chair tube factory on today's Bernhardt-Ring, after the end of Weser-Flug, u. a. Frisia Household Appliances and FWG Schiermeier from 1948 to 1950 spinning machines. From 1951 to 1979 u. a. the company Spinnbau GmbH with a maximum of 1100 employees spinning machines, in newly built 10,000 square meter workshops. These were built in 1952 in what is now the industrial area at Bernhardt-Ring on an adjacent arable land after the barrack camp for civil and forced laborers, which served refugee families as temporary accommodation after the war, was demolished. The last buildings of the Witteburg stoneware factory were removed in 1965. From 1960 to 2010, the Bundeswehr used parts of the Valentin submarine bunker as a naval material depot.

In the 1950s, Johann Arthur Krause founded a machine factory that had around 200 employees in the 1960s. After the takeover by Thyssen-Industrie in 1987, the plant employed around 900 people in 2017. A new power plant block was built at the Unterweser power plant from 1967 to 1969, the old plant was dismantled from 1985 to 1990. The current operator GDF Suez / Engie renewed central parts of the plant in 2014 in order to be able to use the power plant until at least 2024. The current output is 350 megawatts.

The Farge sewage treatment plant on the banks of the Weser south of the power plant was put into operation in 1973 for the disposal of wastewater from the districts of Blumenthal and Vegesack, the Burglesum district of St. Magnus (partially) and the neighboring communities of Lemwerder and Schwanewede . The sewer system in Farge was then expanded.

Population numbers

  • 1811: 195
  • 1910: 1209
  • 1919: 1297 (312 households)

after the merger with Rekum

  • 1924: 2865 (Farge 1565, Rekum 1300)
  • 1925: 2788 (684 households, 446 dwellings)
  • 1936: 3360 (85% industrial workers, 15% farmers and traders)
  • 1955: approx. 6000
  • 2014: 2820 (without record)

Worth seeing

Rönnebeck-Farge Church
  • Evangelical Reformed Church Rönnebeck-Farge , Farger Str. 19, 1904-05 to plans by August Abbehusen and Otto Blendermann built
  • Farge Town Hall (1933), built as a farmhouse in 1845; today a meeting place for the Eva-Seligmann -Haus of the Arbeiterwohlfahrt.
  • Kahnschifferhaus , built before 1830, Unterm Berg 31, Heimat- und Schifferverein
  • Fährhaus Farge , verifiable since 1776, formerly Meyer Farge , excursion restaurant directly on the Farge – Berne ferry connection

economy

  • ThyssenKrupp System Engineering GmbH (formerly ThyssenKrupp Krause ), provides automation and packaging technology a. a. for the auto industry.
  • The Spinnbau GmbH , founded in 1952, after several changes of ownership and a high shrinkage is still the world leader in carding machines . Today, as DiloSpinnbau, it is a branch of the Dilo machine factory in Eberbach, which specializes in fleece machines .
  • Until the end of the 1980s, there was a repair shop for US tanks on the Spinnbau company premises at Farge station.
  • In Farge, the energy generation company Engie operates the Farge coal-fired power station, which was built until 1969 and has an output of 350 megawatts, which is used to supply the Lower Saxony region. This replaced the predecessor companies from the 1920s and 1950s.
  • The the Australian Macquarie Group belonging TanQuid management mbH operating on behalf of the Armed Forces from 1993 to 2013, the 300-hectare tank farm Farge , located about two-thirds of the Bremen area. Mineral oil products for the German armed forces were stored in the large underground tank farm with a total capacity of 318,000 cubic meters, which was built from 1935 to 1941 by the Economic Research Association (WiFo). The Bundeswehr gave up the depot,
  • From 1852 to 1958 there was the Witteburg stoneware factory , which was a subsidiary of the North German stoneware from 1919 .

traffic

Farge was the transfer and transshipment station between the railway line of the Farge-Vegesacker Railway, opened in 1888, and the Niederweserbahn . In addition, there was considerable cargo handling through the Farge coal-fired power station and the former Wifo tank farm (used until around 2010) as well as a connection to the naval railway with the military station in Schwanewede .

Since December 16, 2007 there is again passenger traffic from Bremen-Vegesack to Bremen-Farge. The connection has been part of the Bremen / Lower Saxony regional S-Bahn, introduced in December 2010, since December 12, 2011 , and the route from Vegesack to Farge has been electrified for this purpose.

The BSAG bus line 90 opens up and connects Farge with the neighboring districts of Rekum and Rönnebeck as well as with Neuenkirchen , Blumenthal, Vegesack , Burg and Gröpelingen . At night, the N7 night bus also connects Farge with downtown Bremen. Both lines connect to the railway at the stations or stops in Farge, Blumenthal, Klinikum Bremen-Nord, Aumund, Vegesack, Schönebeck, Lesum and Burg.

2009 was Bundesautobahn 270 extended as a national road 74 to Farge and ferry lines of Bremen-Stedingen ferries according to Berne to the Federal Highway 74 connected.

At the power plant in Farge there are quays for ocean and inland shipping for the unloading of coal ships and, a few hundred meters downstream, since the Weser correction in 1887–1895, a small non-public port basin for the current waterways and shipping authority (at that time the buoy yard was the waterway and Shipping Directorate). The oil loading terminal (Ölpier) belonging to the Farge tank farm is out of operation and has been dismantled since 2014.

societies

  • Heimatverein Farge-Rekum eV
  • Farge-Rekum Gymnastics and Sports Association from 1890
  • Farger Shooting Society from 1895
  • Kyffhäuser Comradeship Farge-Rekum from 1890
  • Orpheus men's choir
  • Condor racing pigeon club
  • Water sports club Farge eV

Personalities

  • Claus von Lübken, 1852 to 1865 community leader (Claus von Lübken-Straße)
  • Richard Taylor (1868–1953), engraver, 1917 to 1937 community leader, (Richard-Taylor-Straße)
  • Diedrich Schierholz, 1884 to 1916 community leader (Diedrich-Schierholz-Straße)
  • Erhard Eylmann (1860–1926), German ethnologist (Eylmann-Straße)
  • Hermann Boelmann (1896–1958), German politician
  • Johann Kroog (1877–1947), parish secretary for the parish of Farge from 1926 to 1933

literature

  • Barbara Johr , Hartmut Roder : The bunker. An example of National Socialist madness. Bremen-Farge 1943–1945. Edition Temmen : Bremen 1989. ISBN 3-926958-24-3
  • Notes by Richard Taylor (December 19, 1868 - January 25, 1953) from Farge-Rekum. Mayor in Farge since 1917, in Farge-Rekum from 1923–1937. Handwritten text. Transcribed in block letters by Arend Wessels, Heimatverein Farge-Rekum e. V. 2004
  • Arend Wessels: Farge-Rekum, a long story. Ed. Heimatverein Farge-Rekum
  • Peter Michael Meiners. Armaments and Forced Labor. Results of a search for clues. Farge-Rekum-Neuenkirchen-Schwanewede. Self-published self-published, Ritterhude. 2017
  • Eva Determann. Forced labor in Bremen - an overview. In: Association Walerjan Wrobel Forced Labor e. V. (Ed.) Forgotten victims. Small writings of the Bremen State Archives, issue 40, 2007. ISBN 978-3-925729-54-6

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In 1939 it was separated from the state of Prussia (Hanover province) and incorporated into Bremen.
  2. ↑ a b Fourth ordinance on the rebuilding of the Reich from September 28, 1939. In: www.verfassungen.de. Retrieved August 18, 2018 .
  3. ↑ State Statistical Office Bremen: 2015 edition (PDF; 1.1 MB). Pp. 5–15 , accessed on March 27, 2018 .
  4. ↑ Richard Taylor: Notes from Richard Taylor (December 19, 1868 - January 25, 1953) from Farge-Rekum. Mayor in Farge since 1917, in Farge-Rekum from 1923 to 1937 . Handwritten text. Transcribed in block letters by Arend Wessels, Heimatverein Farge-Rekum e. V. Bremen-Farge 2004, p. 5-6 .
  5. ↑ Farge-Rekum Heimatverein: Richard Taylor
  6. ↑ State Archives Bremen Sign. 4,66-I.-6167
  7. ^ Ernst-Adolf Chantelau: Historical documents on the presence of the NSDAP in Farge. Lecture on January 15, 2019. Accessed August 14, 2019 .
  8. ↑ LeMO: sign "This is where the NSDAP speaks". German Historical Museum Foundation, accessed on October 16, 2019 .
  9. ↑ State Archives Bremen Sign. 4,64 / 6 - 379
  10. ↑ Richard Taylor: Notes from Richard Taylor (December 19, 1868 - January 25, 1953) from Farge-Rekum. Mayor in Farge since 1917, in Farge-Rekum from 1923–1937 . Handwritten text. Transcribed in block letters by Arend Wessels, Heimatverein Farge-Rekum e. V. Bremen-Farge 2004.
  11. ↑ Address book of the Unterweser district 1938. In the archive of Heimatfreunde Neuenkirchen e. V., memorial work division. Documentation and learning location Baracke Wilhelmine, Schwanewede, An der Kaserne 22 . 1938.
  12. ^ Legal Gazette of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen , March 1940, quoted in the Nordwestdeutsche Landeszeitung from April 1, 1940
  13. ^ Further "storms" of SA Standard 29 existed in Lesum, Vegesack, Grambke and Blumenthal Bremer address book 1942. Retrieved on September 4, 2018 .
  14. ↑ Chief of SA Standard 29, which emerged around 1940 from Standard 411 Wesermünde, was the SA Hauptsturmführer and Mayor of Lesum, Fritz Köster. See also Martha Goldberg , Adolph Goldberg
  15. ↑ State Archives Bremen Sign. 4,66-I.-10.390
  16. ↑ State Archives Bremen Sign. 4,54 E-2572
  17. ↑ State Archives Bremen Sign. 4,54 E-6126 (Peter Besing * 1888); 4.54 E-6127 (Frida Besing * 1893); 4.54 E-6098 (Alfred Hinz 1895-1955); 4.54 E-6086 (Adolf Funke * 1897); 4.54 E-6123 (Erich Ukrow * 1896); (Johann Nelson * 1866, see 4,54-6098) You had heard Radio Moscow, see State Archives Bremen Sign. 4,66-I.-6167
  18. ↑ Hermine Leßner (1913–1993) The History of the Evangelical Reformed Church Rönnebeck 1905–1967. Typescript. 1986. Archive of the Farge-Rekum Heimatverein. P. 30
  19. ^ Heinrich Garrn: The underground oil bunker system had to be blown up . In: Heimatverein Farge-Rekum e. V. (Hrsg.): Heimat- und Vereinsblatt . No. 26 . Bremen-Farge June 1967, p. 1–3 ( heimatverein-farge-rekum.de [PDF; accessed on March 22, 2018]).
  20. ^ Heinrich Garrn: U-boat bunker 'Valentin', a landmark of Rekum . In: Heimatverein Farge-Rekum e. V. (Hrsg.): Heimat- und Vereinsblatt . No. 19 . Bremen-Farge April 1966, p. 1–4 ( heimatverein-farge-rekum.de [PDF; accessed on March 22, 2018]).
  21. ↑ Business relationships with satellite camps of Neuengamme concentration camp. Retrieved July 24, 2018 .
  22. ↑ Workers' camp at the tank farms in Bremen-Farge & Schwanewede. relkte.com, archived from the original on March 27, 2010 ; Retrieved October 10, 2010 .
  23. ^ Heinrich Garrn: Farge labor education and concentration camp . In: Heimatverein Farge-Rekum e. V. (Hrsg.): Heimat- und Vereinsblatt . No. 18 . Bremen-Farge February 1966, p. 1–5 ( heimatverein-farge-rekum.de [accessed on March 22, 2018]).
  24. ↑ Information on the various camps in Bremen-Farge and Schwanewede on relict.com
  25. ↑ Herbert Meirich: The medals on the pavement. (pdf) Accessed December 12, 2018 .
  26. ^ Archives Peter-Michael Meiners, Sign W20, Kreisarchiv Osterholz
  27. ↑ Bremer Adressbuch from 1957. Retrieved on May 16, 2018 .
  28. ↑ Ordinance on the reorganization of Bremen's administrative districts of February 23, 1951. Version of April 25, 2013. transparenz.bremen.de, accessed on May 16, 2018 (The separation has been in effect since 1977 at the latest).
  29. ↑ Ulf Buschmann: The end of a piece of industrial history , Weser-Kurier, September 8, 2013.
  30. ^ Company ENGIE: Chronicle of the ENGIE power plant in Farge. Retrieved March 15, 2018 .
  31. ↑ sewage treatment plants. hansewasser.de, accessed on June 25, 2019 .
  32. ↑ Graphic "Drainage areas and essential sewage systems". (PDF; 4.4 MB) In: Environmental Declaration 2018. hansewasser.de, p. 10 , accessed on June 25, 2019 .
  33. ↑ Aerial photo of the DiloSpinnbau textile machines. Retrieved April 17, 2018 .
  34. ↑ TanQid location Bremen-Farge ( Memento from April 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  35. ↑ Information from the Senator for Environment, Building and Transport Bremen on groundwater pollution
  36. ↑ Public transport map Bremen-Nord. In: bsag.de. Retrieved January 25, 2017 .
  37. ↑ Waterways and Shipping Office: Homepage. Retrieved March 21, 2018 .

Coordinates: 53 ° 12 '  N , 8 ° 32'  E