Recum

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Kahnschifferhaus Rekum, Unterm Berg 31

Rekum is a part of the Bremen district of Blumenthal in the northern district . On December 31, 2014 the 572  hectare Rekum had 2,272 inhabitants. Until 1923, when Rekum was incorporated into the neighboring municipality of Farge , Rekum was an independent municipality.

history

Rekumer mill

People already lived here in prehistoric times, on the Geest site (geologically: meltwater sands from the Elster Cold Age ) not far from the banks of the Weser. During earthworks on the property at Rekumer Str. 11 (day care center) and on properties between Kummerkamp, ​​Pötjerweg and Rekumer Strasse, remains were accidentally found in 1887, 1939 and 1973–1976. a. Clay urns discovered in the late Bronze Age (1100 to 500 BC). During excavations in the 1960s and 1980s at Mühlenberg, among other things, Roman coins were found and remains of houses and animals from the Roman Iron Age around 100 AD.Rekum was called Reken or Rekene around 1300 , after the noble family who lived here in the 12th century from Reken. The first written record of the name Diederich de Reken dates from 1140, his homestead is said to have been on today's street Rekumer Wurt. In 1534 the place had 16 farms, around 1580 the names of twelve farmers and 31 small farms are known. All the farmhouses were in the immediate vicinity of the northern section of today's Rekumer Straße, the old village and country road, on the edge of a bulge on the banks of the Weser that reached around 500 meters inland and was removed in the course of the Weser correction . To the east of this, the terrain rises a few meters to the Rekumer Geest with the Speckberg (21.7 m above sea ​​level ) and the Mühlenberg.

For centuries, like Neuenkirchen , Vorbruch and Rade, Rekum belonged to the parish of Neuenkirchen and from 1604 to the parish of Blomendal (Blumenthal).

Rekum, an independent municipality in the district of Blumenthal from 1885 to 1923 , was incorporated into the neighboring municipality of Farge in 1923 . The thus enlarged community of Farge was allocated to the Osterholz district during regional reforms in 1932 and then to the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen in 1939 . Rekum has been part of the Blumenthal local authority area since 1946 .

In the 19th century, the population consisted of a few farming families with substantial property, and small and part-time farmers. In 1864 the place had 140 houses. Barge shipping was added as a line of business during this time. The retired boatman J. Arfmann wrote in the regional newspaper Blumenthal in 1938 about the “Development of shipping on the Unterweser from 1880 to 1936”: Vegesack and Oldenburg, but also in the opposite direction, brought. These ships were called sailing boats and had one to three masts. A large number of the sailing boats were based in Farge and Rekum, as the ships were owned by the boatmen who lived here. The goods to be transported consisted mainly of rice, tobacco, grain, cedar and mahogany wood, as well as all overseas goods. Some of the skippers also sailed the North Sea as far as Hamburg, others also the Baltic Sea as far as Königsberg (...) The ships had a crew of two to four men. Most of the provisions, as well as bacon and potatoes, were taken from home. At home, the wife ran a small farm. ”A small shipyard was founded in 1866 that only built three barges and ceased operations a few years after the Weser had been dredged and straightened . The fact that the Weser was now deeper made barge shipping less important. Because the cargo of the overseas ships destined for Bremen no longer had to be reloaded on Weser barges in Brake or Bremerhaven , but the overseas ships themselves could call at the ports of Bremen. From then on, the former boatmen and other Rekumers earned their living as seamen or as factory workers in the stoneware factory "Witteburg" founded in 1853 in neighboring Farge . Those who could afford it built a pigsty behind their house so that they could fatten up pigs as a sideline (including potatoes and kitchen waste). A “cattle recycling company Rekum and the surrounding area” was founded, through which thousands of slaughter pigs were shipped annually from the Farge station to Mannheim, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Oldenburg and Hamburg / Altona from 1911 to 1935. In 1902 a large village school was completed, built for 30,000 marks by the Rekum building contractor Johann Dietrich Trüper. In 1922 the community of Rekum was heavily indebted due to the economic crisis in the post-war period. There were no industrial companies in Rekum, and therefore hardly any business tax income. In Farge, on the other hand, the Witteburg stoneware factory, the Stuhlrohrfabrik and the Farge-Vegesacker railway were located. The municipality of Farge incorporated the indebted municipality of Rekum in 1923. Since then, Rekum no longer exists as an independent municipality, but only as a district. Local Rekum organizations such as the "Verein für Gemeinwohl", the Rekumer Turnverein from 1890 and the workers gymnastics club "Frei Heil" from 1910 continued to exist for some time. Richard Taylor was the local mayor of the enlarged parish of Farge at the time.

Rekum as a district of Bremen

The community of Farge (including the Farger district of Rekum) was incorporated on November 1, 1939, together with the communities of Lesum, Grohn, Schönebeck, Aumund, Hemelingen and Mahndorf from the state of Prussia into the state of Bremen and the city of Bremen. By then, the navy had already started to build an extensive oil tank farm in Rekum. A partially head-high tunnel for an approx. Three kilometer long underground pipeline from the oil pier on the Weser to the tanks in the area of ​​today's Weser-Geest barracks still existed in 2017. During the half-finished project on July 3, 1941 in Rekum stopped for strategic reasons the huge Wifo tank farm was completed in Farge in 1943 . The numerous civilian workers and servants required for these buildings were housed in barrack camps from 1938, the Neuenkirchen marine community camp, and the Wifo Tesch camp. Since 1941, forced laborers were also quartered in barrack camps in Rekum. A prisoner of war camp was set up in 1943 on a field near the Speckberg, and in early 1943 on the construction site of the marine oil tank farm as a satellite camp of the Neuengamme concentration camp : the Farge concentration camp . In 1943 the Gestapo's " work education camp ", which had been set up in Farge in the area of ​​the construction site of the Wifo tank farm, was relocated to the Farge concentration camp .

Valentin submarine bunker (2012)

Because there was enough space available on the grounds of the farmers Schnibbe, Gräfing and Morisse, the geographical and geological conditions seemed suitable, and because of the nearby Deschimag shipyards in Blumenthal and Vulkan in Vegesack, which had already switched to arms production, the Hitler government left 1943 build the submarine bunker 'Valentin' in Rekum and used the forced labor camp for it.

After 1945 the Nazi buildings (including houses, bunkers, warehouses, tunnels, pipelines) were administered and maintained by the Oberfinanzdirektion (OFD) Bremen , provided they were not used by the US Army . In the 1950s, the OFD's special construction management Bunker-Valentin had its seat in the rooms of the former restaurant "Goldener Stern" (today Rekumer Str. 91a). Until the 1960s, many of the former prisoner and Wehrmacht barracks were used as emergency shelters for war refugees. Numerous new houses were built later, especially on the streets Pötjerweg, Kummerkamp and Rekumer Geest, where the allotment gardeners association Einigkeit e. V. operates a large garden colony ( Hermann Mester Garden). In the 1980s, the Reeker Barg residential area was developed. The original town center in the immediate vicinity of the submarine bunker, on the other hand, gradually lost its importance: the number of active farms (farms) fell to three, and there were no more shops there in 2017.

The Farger Memorial for the dead of the two world wars at Rekumer Str. 53, inaugurated on March 23, 1926 and expanded in 1953, is the property of the Farge-Rekum e. V. A memorial for the victims of the building activities of the Nazi regime in Rekum and the surrounding area was erected in 1983 by the city of Bremen in front of the ruins of the Valentin submarine bunker . 2010, after the final extract of the Bundeswehr from the bunker Valentin, took place from 2011 to 2015, the expansion of the memorial thougts bunker Valentin in and next to the bunker. The site of the former construction site south of the ruins, where a biotope with natural forest has been able to expand unhindered since the 1950s, was sold by the Federal Real Estate Agency for 23,000 euros to the Bremen State Association of the Federal Environment and Nature Conservation Germany (BUND) in 2017 . In agreement with the management of the bunker memorial sites, the BUND wants to preserve the “Valentin wilderness” permanently in nature.

Rekumer Church

Evangelical Reformed Church Rekum

The only church in Rekum was built in 1956 by the Evangelical Reformed parish, the traditionally predominant religious community (in 1864 only 94 of the 731 inhabitants were Evangelical Lutheran). The Rekum parish was part of the joint parish of Neuenkirchen -Rekum until 1980 , and the Evangelical Reformed parish of Rekum has been independent since then. In contrast to the local government, which is assigned to the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, the Evangelical Reformed parish of Rekum belongs to the Ev.-ref. Church based in Leer and not part of the Bremen Evangelical Church .

Population development

  • In 1813 Rekum had 484 inhabitants,
  • 1858 705 inhabitants,
  • 1864 731 inhabitants,
  • 1905 1,103 inhabitants,
  • 1910 1,118 inhabitants,
  • 1920 1,150 inhabitants,
  • 1924 1,300 inhabitants,
  • 1995 2,395 inhabitants,
  • 2004 2,531 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2004)

Sights and culture

  • Rekumer Mühle , a Dutch windmill from 1873
  • Submarine bunker Valentin from 1943/45, as a memorial place Bunker Valentin since 2015 memorial against megalomania and inhuman ideology of the Nazi era.
  • Evangelical Reformed Church of Rekum from 1956
  • The skipper's choir Rekum from 1978 is made up of former sailors who practice the traditional sea shanty.
  • Kahnschifferhaus Unterm Berg 31, seat of the Farge-Rekum home association and the Rekum and surrounding area from 1919 eV

traffic

Rekum is served by the bus line 90 of the Bremer Straßenbahn AG , supplemented at night by the night bus line N7. They connect Rekum with Neuenkirchen , Bremen-Blumenthal , Bremen-Vegesack , Bremen-Burg and Bremen-Gröpelingen , the N7 line also with Bremen city center.

The Niederweserbahn , which was later dismantled, ran through Rekum until 1938, and this section of the route was used for the naval railway . While the bunker was being built, a second north-south railway connection ran through Rekum.

Personalities

literature

  • Barbara Johr , Hartmut Roder : The bunker. An example of the National Socialist armaments mania. Bremen-Farge 1934-45. Edition Temmen : Bremen 1989, p. 13 ISBN 3-926958-24-3
  • Notes by Richard Taylor (December 19, 1868 - January 25, 1953) from Farge-Rekum. Mayor in Farge since 1917, in Farge-Rekum from 1923–1937. Handwritten text. Transcribed in block letters by Arend Wessels, Heimatverein Farge-Rekum eV, 2004. Unpublished.
  • Arend Wessels. Farge-Rekum, a long story. Ed. Heimatverein Farge-Rekum eV 28777 Bremen, Unterm Berg 31. Brochure. 2017.
  • Karl Heinz Brandt : A settlement from the Roman Iron Age on the Mühlenberg in Bremen-Rekum . In: Bremisches Jahrbuch . tape 62 , 1984, pp. 172-174 ( suub.uni-bremen.de ).
  • Peter Michael Meiners. Armaments and Forced Labor. Results of a search for clues. Farge-Rekum-Neuenkirchen-Schwanewede. Self-published self-published, Ritterhude. 2017
  • Rainer Hager. Water mountain? History and construction of a Bremen-Farge tank farm by Wifo (economic research company). undated Illustrated typescript. Own print, Bremen approx. 2004.

Web links

Commons : Rekum  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State Statistical Office Bremen: 2015 edition (pdf, 1.1 MB). Pp. 5-15 , accessed on March 27, 2018 .
  2. ↑ Herbert Kuntze, Hans-Christoph Höfle, Hans Kuster, Udo Jürgens and Wilfried Hofmann: Bremen-North from a geoscientific perspective . Habitat Bremen-Nord. History and present. In: Hanspeter Stabenau (ed.): Yearbook of Wittheit zu Bremen . Writings of the Wittheit zu Bremen. tape 31 . JH Döll, Bremen 1989, ISBN 3-88808-132-7 , p. 47-71, here 52-53 .
  3. ^ Karl Heinz Brandt: excavations in Bremen north . . Habitat Bremen-Nord. History and present. Writings of the Wittheit zu Bremen. In: Hanspeter Stabenau (ed.): Yearbook of Wittheit zu Bremen . tape 31 . JH Döll Verlag, Bremen 1989, ISBN 3-88808-132-7 , p. 89-122 .
  4. ^ Reichsamt für Landesaufnahme Berlin: Mestischblatt 1289: Schwanewede, 1900. Schwanewede.-Aufn.1898.-1: 25000. In: Topographic map (measuring table sheets); 2717,1900. Retrieved June 4, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Schifferverein Rekum and the surrounding area from 1919 eV: Association history. (PDF) In: Homepage. Retrieved March 22, 2018 .
  6. ↑ Heimatvereine from Vegesack, Blumenthal and Farge-Rekum, Eisenbahnfreunde Bremen. (Ed.): Farge-Vegesacker Railway 100 Years: 1888-1988 . Brochure. Hanseatdruckerei, Achim-Uphusen, S. 58 (no year, probably 1988).
  7. ↑ Farge-Rekum Heimatverein: Richard Taylor
  8. ↑ Herbert Schwarzwälder: The struggle for the renewal of the area north of the Lesum in the context of the Reich reform and the German municipal code 1933-1940 . Habitat Bremen-Nord. History and present. In: Hanspeter Stabenau (ed.): Yearbook of Wittheit zu Bremen . Writings of the Wittheit zu Bremen. tape 31 . JH Döll, Bremen 1989, ISBN 3-88808-132-7 , p. 9-45 .
  9. ↑ Fourth ordinance on the rebuilding of the Reich of September 28, 1939
  10. ^ Heinrich Garrn: The underground oil bunker system had to be blown up . In: Heimatverein Farge-Rekum eV (Hrsg.): Heimat- und Vereinsblatt . No. 26 . Bremen-Farge June 1967, p. 1–3 ( heimatverein-farge-rekum.de [PDF; accessed on March 22, 2018]).
  11. ^ Heinrich Garrn: U-boat bunker 'Valentin', a landmark of Rekum . In: Heimatverein Farge-Rekum e. & Nvsp; V. (Ed.): Heimat- und Vereinsblatt . No. 19 . Bremen-Farge April 1966, p. 1–4 ( heimatverein-farge-rekum.de [PDF; accessed on March 22, 2018]).
  12. ^ Rainer Hager, contemporary witness 2018
  13. ↑ It commemorates 42 residents of Farge and Rekum who were killed as soldiers in World War I and 208 in World War II.
  14. ↑ The inscriptions read, among other things: The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen commemorates the inhumanity of the German fascists with this memorial. The army of millions of concentration camp prisoners had to toil and die for the German war machine. In the Farge subcamp, which belonged to the Neuengamme concentration camp, and in other camps, the German fascists kept more than 10,000 work slaves between 1943 and 1945 to build the 'Valentin' submarine bunker. Most of them came from the Soviet Union, Poland and France. German resistance fighters were also among them. Thousands of them were killed during the construction of the submarine bunker. Abuse, malnutrition, illness and inhumane working conditions filled the mass graves of Farge. After the end of fascism, these dead found their final resting place in the Osterholz cemetery. Former prisoners, relatives of the dead from Farge, the representatives of the 'Amicale Internationale de Neuengamme' and Bremen citizens gathered here on September 17, 1983, years after the construction of the bunker began, in front of the memorial created by the Bremen artist Friedrich Stein, To vow: never again fascism, never again war, every effort for the peace of the world.
  15. ↑ Julia Ladebeck, Imke Molkewehrum: Plans around the Bunker-Denkort. The BUND is buying 22 hectares of land in order to preserve nature and the SPD wants to expand the infrastructure . In: The North German . No. 60 . Bremen March 11, 2017, p. 1 .
  16. ↑ Kathrin Harm: A piece of the jungle in Bremen. BUND Bremen buys Valentinwildnis. Association wants to maintain natural development . In: Weser Report . 47th volume, no. 3056 . Bremen April 19, 2017, p. 1 .
  17. ↑ http://rekum.reformiert.de/kirchspiel-rekum.html
  18. ↑ http://www.bsag.de/pdf/Web_BSAG_Bremen-Nord_Final.pdf

Coordinates: 53 ° 13 '  N , 8 ° 31'  E