Farge labor education camp

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The Farge labor education camp ( AEL Farge for short ) was one of the first and largest labor education camps in what is now Lower Saxony during the National Socialist era . It was run by the Bremen Gestapo and was located one after the other at three locations in Farge and in the border area of ​​the former communities of Neuenkirchen and Rekum . Today the former AEL locations are in the federal states of Lower Saxony and Bremen . The AEL Farge existed from 1940 to 1945.

It was one of a total of seven National Socialist camps in the Farge / Rekum and Neuenkirchen / Schwanewede region , which were used to accommodate construction and security personnel, voluntary workers and people forced into forced labor (prisoners of war, prisoners and forced laborers) for several major military construction projects.

history

In October 1940 , the Gestapo set up the first so-called work education camp , the AEL-Farge, in the Tesch Community Camp on the construction site of the Wifo tank farm in Farge. This penal camp served to discipline so-called "loafers", those who refused to work, opponents of the regime and later " half Jews ". Due to its particular hardness, it quickly became a model camp, which the historian Gabriele Lotfi described as one of the few “death camps” among the labor education camps. The detainees were subjected to "educational measures" - limited to 56 days. The Gestapo was able to order protective custody for a further 21 days . There are also known cases of someone being brought back to the camp after a short period of freedom. The labor education camp was moved from Farge to the marine community camp in Rekum in the summer of 1942, and from there in July 1943 to a newly built barracks complex on the nearby Speckberg. Up to 600 inmates were confined to the AEL. At least 150 prisoners are said to have died as a result of the inhuman working and living conditions. The camp personnel were extremely brutal. In February 1945, the general practitioner Dr. Walter Heidbreder, who was given responsibility for the "labor education camp", the "Tesch camp" and the Neuenkirchen marine community camp on February 1, 1942, the former commander of the "labor education camp", Heinrich Schauwacker, because of several murders committed by the Bremen Gestapo leadership on. Schauwacker was removed from his post and punished. In 1948, the British military judiciary sentenced other crimes involved (with the exception of the fugitive Schauwacker) to prison terms in Hamburg in the "Bremen-Farge case" of the so-called Curiohaus trials . Another temporary camp commandant, Sebastian Schipper, was sentenced to death in Wilhelmshaven in 1946 (yellow cross prison trial); he was executed on January 23, 1947 in Hameln prison.

Newspaper clipping, Weser-Kurier dated February 26, 1948

The buildings (barracks) of the AEL Farge were taken over by the Bremen-Lesum building authority on August 1, 1945 and used as emergency accommodation for homeless people until the 1960s.

The AEL Farge should not be confused with the Farge concentration camp (a satellite camp of the Neuengamme concentration camp ), the marine community camp I (which housed soldiers from the marine replacement department) and the marine community camp II (which housed workers from the Todt organization and personnel from the naval construction department, among others ). The prisoners were primarily used to build the Valentin submarine bunker . Today there is a memorial site on the former camp site, the documentation and learning site Baracke Wilhelmine .

Detainees known by name

  • Nicolaus von Borstel
  • Adolf Burgert
  • Paul Brodek
  • Wilhelm Nolting-Hauff
  • Klaas Touber
  • Wilhelm Schmidt
  • Willy Schramm
  • Antonio Karl-Heinz Thermer
  • Wilhelm Aron from Osterholz-Scharmbeck
  • Kuno Brandt from Bremen
  • Harry Callan from Northern Ireland
  • Wladislaw Florek
  • Ewald Frese from Bremen
  • Bernhard Henze from Neuenkirchen
  • Hinrich Heitmann from Kirchlinteln
  • Anatoly Kleyow
  • William Hutchison Knox (1883-1945) from Republic of Ireland
  • Richard Lahmann (1924–2017) from Bremerhaven
  • Ernst Lüders from Bremen
  • Egon Pundsack from Bremen
  • Jan Schinckel from Holland
  • Paul Sinasohn from Platjenwerbe near Bremen
  • Friedrich August Hermann Sonnet (1887-1944) from Bremen, at times Bassum
  • Rudolf Hess , pediatrician from Bremen
  • Heinrich Waller, SPD member from the Stade district and later "Kapo" in the AEL

literature

  • Andrea Tech: Labor Education Camp in Northwest Germany 1940–1945. (=  Bergen-Belsen-Schriften , Volume 6). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2003, ISBN 3-525-35134-8 , pp. 119, 135, 276 (also dissertation , University of Hanover 1998).
  • Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (ed.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Volume 9: Labor education camps, ghettos, youth protection camps, police detention camps, special camps, gypsy camps, forced labor camps. CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-57238-8 .
  • Jan-Friedrich Heinemann, Ingo Hensing, Karin Puzicha, Klaus Schilder and Klaus-Peter Zyweck. The submarine bunker 'Valentin'. Contribution to the “German History” school competition for the Federal President's Prize. Typescript. School center Lehmhorster Strasse Blumenthal 1983. pp. 21-22. Project No. 1983-0395, 4th Prize from the Körber Foundation
  • Inge Marßolek, Rene Ott. Bremen in the 3rd Reich. Adaptation Resistance Pursuit. With the collaboration of Peter Brandt, Hartmut Müller and Hans-Josef Steinberg. Carl Schünemann Verlag Bremen. 1986. ISBN 3-7961-1765-1
  • Barbara Johr and Hartmut Roder. The bunker. An example of the National Socialist madness Bremen-Farge 1943–45. Edition Temmen Bremen 1989. ISBN 3-926958-24-3
  • Eva Determann. Forced labor in Bremen - an overview. In: Verein Walerjan Wrobel Zwangsarbeit eV (ed.) Forgotten victims. Small writings of the Bremen State Archives, issue 40, 2007. ISBN 978-3-925729-54-6

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gabriele Lotfi: Gestapo concentration camp . Labor education camp in the Third Reich. Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-421-05342-1 , pp. 80.193 .
  2. ↑ Marc Buggeln: The construction of the submarine bunker "Valentin", the use of forced labor and the participation of the population. (PDF) p. 7 , accessed on August 15, 2018 .
  3. ↑ State Archives Bremen Sign 4.89 / 2 and 3. Investigation files of the State Criminal Police Office Bremen (advertisement Franz Güse), 1960
  4. ^ Military Court (War Crimes) Trial BREMEN-FARGE, Case 15th March 1948: Curio-Haus Hamburg. Retrieved June 27, 2018 .
  5. ^ Bernhard Gelderblom: The Hameln prison in the post-war period. P. 6 , accessed on September 4, 2019 .
  6. ↑ state archive Bremen, Sign 4.64 / 6-235 Bl.630 / 2
  7. ↑ Workers' camp at the tank farms in Bremen-Farge & Schwanewede. relkte.com, accessed on August 28, 2012 .
  8. ↑ site of documentation and learning environment barracks Wilhelmine .
  9. ↑ Bunker Valentin: Biographies. Antonio Karl-Heinz Thermer. Retrieved October 17, 2018 .
  10. ^ Verdener Familienforscher eV verdener-familienforscher.de, accessed on September 5, 2019 (entry Sonnet).
  11. ↑ Gustav-Heinemann-Bürgerhaus Bremen, Antifaschistischer Arbeitskreis (ed.): “We knew that the weak were right and the strong there were wrong”: memory of the death marches in early 1945 . Bremen 1987, p. 124 ( Library of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung [PDF; accessed on September 5, 2019] Electronic ed .: Bonn: FES Library, 2005, p. 16 in the part pages 109 - 131 ).
  12. ^ Stumbling blocks in Stade. Retrieved September 22, 2019 .

Coordinates: 53 ° 12 ′ 57.5 ″  N , 8 ° 31 ′ 42 ″  E