Edward Scotland

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Wilhelm Christoph Eduard Scotland (born July 4, 1885 in Bremen , † June 20, 1945 in Bremen) was a German architect .

biography

Eduard Scotland - son of a bank clerk - studied after attending school at the Dechanatstrasse secondary school and an apprenticeship as a bricklayer at the Technikum Bremen (today Bremen University of Applied Sciences ). Just one year after completing his studies, he founded the architecture firm Runge & Scotland in 1904 with his college friend Alfred Runge . As a member of the Lower Saxony Round and the Association for Lower Saxony Ethnicity , which it initiated in 1904, a wealthy clientele opened up to them early on, including Ludwig Roselius , the founder of Kaffee HAG , who had repeatedly commissioned them for almost 30 years.

Runge & Scotland renovated Lower Saxony houses in the Bremen area and built a number of country houses and villas in and around Bremen from 1906 to 1915. Funded by Lloyd's general manager Heinrich Wiegand , for whom they carried out one of their first assignments, the renovation of his country house Gut Hohekamp in St. Magnus, they also received the order for a luxury cabin on the passenger steamer Crown Princess Cäcilie .

The architects also worked as designers and commercial artists. Designs for furniture, fabrics and carpets are known. From 1911, at the instigation of Ludwig Roselius, the office acted as the artistic advisory board of Kaffee HAG . They developed the packaging design and designed posters and advertisements as well as consumer goods such as coffee dishes and coffee machines. At the Cologne Werkbund exhibition in 1914 , they designed the Kaffee HAG restaurant in the Bremen-Oldenburger Haus .

The most famous buildings by Runge & Scotland were built after the First World War : According to plans by architects who were closely associated with the homeland security movement, Ludwig Roselius acquired all of the buildings in Böttcherstraße - a 100 m long street in Bremen's old town - between 1923 and 1926 - the Kaffee HAG-Haus , the Haus St. Petrus and the private bank Bremen-Amerika Bank , today the Haus des Glockenspiels . The architecture of these buildings should be understood as a song of praise to the local building tradition and the beauty and efficiency of the local handicraft, which Roselius was expressly committed to promoting. With the Paula-Modersohn-Becker-Haus and the Haus Atlantis, the sculptor Bernhard Hoetger then embarked on the path of architecture that was strongly influenced by his own artistic idea, which differs significantly from the works of Runge & Scotland - but without it being in the Overall effect comes to break.

During the time of National Socialism , Hoetger's buildings in Böttcherstrasse, which had been the subject of much discussion since their construction, were sharply rejected by the authorities; they became the target of zealous National Socialist cultural critics in the Third Reich . Ever conservative, from 1933 inclined to National Socialism, Scotland became a party member of the NSDAP in the year of the seizure of power . From 1935 he was head of the Nordic building yard and from 1937 full professor (until 1944) at the Nordic Art Academy (today Bremen University of the Arts ). Scotland was building maintenance for the National Socialist Gau Weser-Ems and since 1935 artistic director of the Bremen committee for tomb art. There is evidence that the Runge & Scotland office existed until 1940, but from 1935 Scotland only drew for the designs.

Scotland was a member in 1934 conformist German Work Federation .

In Bremen-Kattenturm there is the Scotlandweg .

Buildings and designs (including interior fittings) (1905 to 1935 together with Alfred Runge )

Design for the Landhaus Johs. Vassmer
Landhaus Johs. Vassmer, side of the street
Landhaus Johs. Vassmer, received greatly changed
Salon for Lloyd director Phil. Heineken, 1907
Landhaus Dr. med. Koepp, 1908
Landhaus Wilhelm Wiegand, Schwachhauser Heerstraße 311, 1912
Country house autumn , fireplace room
Packaging design by Kaffee HAG based on a design by Runge & Scotland
  • 1904: Renovation of the country house at Kirchbachstrasse 213 for the widow A. Scotland, since then also the seat of the Runge & Scotland construction business (demolished in 2014)
  • 1905: Stable building for garden architect Christian H. Roselius, Georg-Gröning-Straße 104/106 in Bremen-Schwachhausen, supplemented by a residential floor in 1925 based on a design by Runge & Scotland
  • 1906 (um): Conversion of the residential building Richard-Wagner-Straße 20 for Heinrich Wiegand, Bremen-Schwachhausen (destroyed)
  • 1906: Residential house renovation at the Hohekamp estate, Burger Heerstraße 20, Bremen-Burglesum for Heinrich Wiegand, general director of North German Lloyd
  • 1906: Design for a hall with stairs and a study for a toilet room in Landhaus Rickmers, Gut Hodenberg, Bremen Oberneuland
  • 1906–1907: heating chimney for house Martinistraße 45, Bremen
  • 1907: House for master carpenter BD Meyer in Bremen-Burg, Burger Heerstraße 23 (preserved heavily modified)
  • 1907: Luxury cabin on the express steamer of the North German Lloyd Crown Princess Cecilie
  • 1907: Landhaus Johs. Vassmer in Bremen, Horner Heerstraße 19 (formerly Vahr 81c); Johs. Vassmer was a partner in HWD Vassmer (tobacco broker)
  • 1907: Waiting room in the artists' club house (next to the large concert hall) in Bremen, Domsheide, on behalf of the businessman JC Pflüger (destroyed)
  • 1907: Salon and study for Lloyd director Phil. Heineken in Bremen, Contrescarpe 137
  • 1907–1908: Landhaus Christoph Friese (authorized signatory of JF Kulenkamp, ​​grain trading) in Bremen-Schwachhausen, Schwachhauser Heerstraße 317
  • 1907–1908: Double house at Scharnhorststrasse 183/185 for judge Hans Brandis (183) and Professor Gerhard Hellmers (185)
  • 1908 (um): Design of a school building for Rhadereistedt
  • 1908: Runge & Scotland's studio in Bremen, Kirchbachstrasse 203
  • 1908: country house for Dr. med. Koepp, called "Haus Martha", in Bremen-Farge-Rekum, Rekumer Straße 11
  • 1908: House for Dr. H. in Bremen (no exact location, execution not guaranteed)
  • 1908–1909: Landhaus Herbst in Bremen-Schwachhausen, Schwachhauser Heerstraße 335
  • 1908–1909: Double house at Schwachhauser Heerstrasse 313/315 for Bernhard Schild (313) and Eduard Scotland (315, lived in from 1910 to 1913)
  • 1909: Landhaus Plate in Bremen-Horn
  • 1909: Widow's residence for Sch Castle. (without location)
  • 1909: House for the widow of Carlos Windisch (also referred to as Rudolf Willmann's house), Kirchbachstraße 210 (demolished in 1982)
  • 1910: Gate system for the Heidehof in Varel near Scheeßel; Floor plan of a farmhouse, front, side and rear views, 1: 100
  • 1910: Designs for a country house for Councilor Dr. jur. Kurt Dronke in Bremen, Kirchbachstrasse 208 (canceled)
  • 1910–1911: House for the captain Wilhelm Bartling in Bremen, Kirchbachstrasse 208a
  • 1911: Country house for Johannes Surmann (director of Kaffee HAG) in Bremen-Schwachhausen, Schwachhauser Heerstraße 319
  • around 1911: Clubhouse for the Klub zur Vahr
  • 1911: Clubhouse for Kaffee HAG at the International Hygiene Exhibition in Dresden
  • 1911: Conversion of the country house "Villa Ruhe" for the merchant Georg Diedrich Faber, then "Haus Landeck", in Bremen-Burglesum, Gut Weilen 9A
  • 1912: country house for Dr. jur. Wilhelm Wiegand in Bremen-Schwachhausen, Schwachhauser Heerstraße 311
  • 1912: Villa Trost in Bremen-Burglesum, Lesmonastraße 3
  • 1912: House at Orleansstraße 38 in Bremen-Schwachhausen (destroyed, reconstruction in 1949 using the preserved facade)
  • 1912–1913: Remodeling of Ludwig Roselius' house in Berlin
  • 1912–1913: Kissling House in Bremen-Horn, Deliusweg 30 (preserved)
  • 1913–1914: Wiedemann house in Bremen-Schwachhausen, Schwachhauser Heerstraße 163
  • 1914: Cafe HAG restaurant at the Werkbund exhibition in Cologne ( [8] )
  • 1914: Garden furniture for the Werkbund exhibition in Cologne
  • 1914: Kaffee HAG shop in Vienna
  • around 1914: country house in Bremen-Vahr
  • around 1914: Hall in the house of CW Smit in Bremen (only drawings published)
  • around 1915: House for Mr. OM in Bremen
  • 1916: Conversion of the house at Osterdeich 3 / Bleicherstraße 25 for Ludwig Roselius
  • 1922: House for the merchant Nicolaus Lüning (partner in the import and export company JN Lüning & Co.) in Bremen-Schwachhausen, Schwachhauser Heerstraße 165
  • 1922–1924: Conversion of two packing houses to the Glockenspiel house for the Bremen-Amerika-Bank of Kaffee HAG in Bremen, Böttcherstraße 4/5 (interior lost due to war damage)
  • 1923–24: Conversion of the baroque residential and office building at Wachtstrasse 32 in Bremen into the main entrance of the Bremen-Amerika-Bank
  • 1923: Houses at Orleansstrasse 44/46/48/50/52 in Bremen-Schwachhausen
  • 1923–1924: Kontorhaus Martinistraße 8 in Bremen (later integrated into the Atlantis house )
  • 1924: Double garage with chauffeur's apartments for the businessman Otto Bohlmann in Bremen-Schwachhausen, Carl-Schurz-Straße 30a (former Mayor-Smidt-Straße ; demolished in 2015)
  • 1924: Residential houses at Schwachhauser Ring 6/8/10/12/14/16 in Bremen-Schwachhausen
  • 1924: House at Orleansstrasse 42a
  • 1924–1926: House at Orleansstraße 42 (added garage in the basement in 1936)
  • 1924–1927: HAG-Haus, Böttcherstraße 7, and Haus St. Petrus , Böttcherstraße 3/5, in Bremen (1931–1932 redesign of the side entrance of the St. Petrus house using Renaissance figures; rebuilt in simplified form after being damaged in World War II)
  • 1924–1927: Residential houses for DW Herbst in Bremen-Schwachhausen, Schwachhauser Ring 18/20
  • 1924–1927: Three houses group in Rickmers Park, Marcusallee 49/53
  • 1925: Development on Dijonstrasse 4/6/8/10 in Bremen-Schwachhausen
  • before 1925: country house in Bramsche near Osnabrück
  • 1925–1927: Schwachhauser Ring 2/4 double villa in Bremen-Schwachhausen
  • 1926–1928: Runge house in Bremen-Schwachhausen, Kirchbachstrasse 213A
  • 1927: Waldhaus Birkenheide near Ganderkesee (built as a school for physical education and breathing gymnastics, from 1932 Birkenheide youth hostel; destroyed by fire in 1992)
  • 1927–1928: Residential building at Marcusallee 5 (demolished in 1981)
  • 1928: Houses at Orleansstrasse 7/9/11/13 in Bremen-Schwachhausen
  • 1928: Residence for District Court President Dr. Adolf Meyer in Bremen-Schwachhausen, Unter den Eichen 4
  • 1929: Extension of the terrace and veranda to the residential building at Großgörschenstrasse 14 in Bremen-Schwachhausen (1934 installation of a room in the attic and extension of the bay window; destroyed)
  • 1933: Janssen House in Bremen-Horn-Lehe, Alten Eichen 15
  • 1933: Reconstruction of the Institute for Health and Performance in Bremen, Martinistraße 46/47 (in cooperation with the construction department Böttcherstraße under the direction of Karl von Weihe; destroyed)
  • 1933–1934: House for Ihno Fimmen in Bremen-Schwachhausen, Unter den Eichen 6
  • 1934–1935: House for Anna Beck in Bremen-Schwachhausen, Unter den Eichen 8
  • around 1936: holiday home near Bremen
  • around 1936: Hunting lodge in the heath
  • 1936 (um): House for a captain
  • around 1936: country house in Dötlingen
  • around 1936: Landhaus im Park
  • around 1936: Design of a small residential building
  • around 1936: Design of a country house near Bremen
  • around 1936: garden courtyard of a residential building
  • 1936–1937 Residential houses for Mrs. Gussy Marlour and Mrs. Milly Kuhlmann in Bremen-Schwachhausen, Schwachhauser Ring 2A / 2B
  • around 1938: Landhaus Marcusallee 63 in Bremen-Horn-Lehe
  • 1939–1940: HJ -Heim Farge-Rekum, Rekumer Straße 2
  • around 1940: Garbade farm in the Bremen Blockland, Wummensiede 5
  • 1942: Reconstruction of the Tabkenhof in Dötlingen

Illustrative work

Title page of Lower Saxony magazine, August 1901
“What such an old Lower Saxony house has to experience”, satire by Eduard Scotland in the magazine Niedersachsen 1910

See also

exhibition

  • Eduard Scotland (1885-1945). Architect + designer. Examples from his work for Kaffee HAG and Böttcherstraße.
    Crusoe-Halle, Böttcherstraße Bremen, from July 4th to August 31st 1985

literature

  • Arthur Bothe : Eduard Scotland. In: Historical Society Bremen, State Archive Bremen (Ed.): Bremische Biographie 1912–1962. Hauschild, Bremen 1969, p. 482.
  • Arthur Bothe: Who was Edward Scotland? In: Der Aufbau , Volume 39, 1985, No. 1, p. 29. ( online at the State and University Library Bremen)
  • Arthur Bothe: Eduard Scotland 1885-1945. In: Wilhelm Wortmann (Ed.): Bremen builders of the 19th and 20th centuries. Bremen 1988, p. 74 f.
  • Chamber of Architects Bremen (Hrsg.): Architecture in Bremen and Bremerhaven . Worpsweder Verlag, Worpswede 1988, ISBN 3-922516-56-4 .
  • Bernd Küster: Eduard Scotland. In: From folk art to modernity. Art and craft in the Elbe-Weser region 1900–1930. o. O., o. J. (1992), pp. 198-205.
  • Kirsten Leuenroth: The architects Alfred Runge and Eduard Scotland. In: Hans Tallasch (Ed.): Project Böttcherstraße. Delmenhorst 2002, pp. 65-80.
  • Herbert Black Forest : The Great Bremen Lexicon . Edition Temmen , Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Kirsten Leuenroth: The architects Alfred Runge and Eduard Scotland . In: Hans Tallasch (Ed.): Project Böttcherstraße . Aschenbeck & Holstein, Delmenhorst 2002, ISBN 3-932292-29-4 , p. 64-80 .
  2. ↑ Susen Krüger-Saß: The Nordic art college and craft school in Bremen. National Socialist cultural and university policy. unpublished research, 2013.
  3. ↑ a b K. Schaefer: Two Bremen country houses. Architects: Runge & Scotland . In: Architectural Review 23 . Issue 1, 1907, pp. 5-7, Pl. 1-7 .
  4. ^ A b Arthur Bothe: Who was Edward Scotland? In: The structure 39 . No. 1 , 1985, pp. 29 ( online ).
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g K. Schaefer: Runge & Scotland - Bremen . In: Interior decoration 19 . 1908, p. 55-70 ( online ).
  6. ↑ a b c Kirsten Leuenroth, Kirsten: The houses on Martinistraße . In: Hans Tallasch (Ed.): Project Böttcherstraße . Aschenbeck & Holstein, Delmenhorst 2002, ISBN 3-932292-29-4 , p. 208-217 .
  7. ↑ III. Annual report of the Lower Saxon People's Association 1908, p. 12 (Fig.)
  8. ^ Karl Schaefer: The North German Lloyd and modern spatial art. In: Decorative Art , 11th year 1908, pp. 76-90, here p. 86, ill. P. 87. [1]
  9. ↑ The Studio , 42nd year 1907, p. 175, pp. 238–240. (4 fig.) [2]
  10. ^ Karl Schaefer: The modern spatial art in the service of the North German Lloyd. In: Interior decor , 18th year 1907, pp. 293–305, illus. Pp. 314, 315, 316, 325, 326, 327. ( digital copy )
  11. ↑ a b c o. V .: Recent designs in domestic architecture . In: The Studio 47 . No. 197 , 1909, pp. 198-202 .
  12. ^ A b c d e K. Schaefer: Luxury buildings by Runge and Scotland - Bremen . In: Modern designs 8 . 1909, p. 113-126 .
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g Emil Abigt (Ed.): Country house and villa. Architecture. Interior decorations. Gardens . Wiesbaden 1912, p.  485-518 .
  14. ↑ a b Beetz, Gerold E. (Ed.): Your own home and its garden. A practical building guide with examples . Wiesbaden 1927, p. 41, 69, 90, 135, 144 .
  15. ^ Emil Waldmann: The Landhaus Friese in Bremen. In: Decorative Art , 11th year 1908, pp. 185–192. ( Digitized version )
  16. ↑ a b c d e f g o. V .: On the work of Runge u. Scotland in Bremen . In: Decorative Art 19 . 1915, p. 41-54 ( online ).
  17. ↑ Landhaus Friese in Bremen. In: Süddeutsche Bauhütte , 11th year 1910, p. 361.
  18. ↑ Gustav Brandes: The maintenance of the rural construction in Lower Saxony. In: Das deutsche Landhaus , 4th year 1908, pp. 193–200.
  19. ^ A b K. Schaefer: New country houses from Runge and Scotland . In: Interior decoration 21 . 1910, p. 348-358 ( online ).
  20. ^ Haenel, Tscharmann: The single house of the modern age. Second volume, Leipzig 1910, pp. 65–67.
  21. ^ Estate of Friedrich (Fritz) Meyer (plan archive LfD Bremen)
  22. ^ Country house of the government councilor Dr. D. in Bremen-Schwachhausen. In: Architektonische Rundschau , Volume 27, 1911, No. 6, p. 69, plate 51.
  23. ^ Residence of the Reg.-Council Dr. D., Bremen. In: Der Baumeister , 13th year 1914/1915, issue 5, plate 53.
  24. ^ House of Captain W. Bartling, Bremen. In: Der Baumeister , 12th year 1913/1914, supplement to issue 10, p. B 184.
  25. ↑ Architektonische Rundschau , Volume 27, 1911, No. 2, p. 16, panels 11 and 12 / supplement to issue 1, p. VI.
  26. ↑ Schwachhauser Magazin , year 2014, issue 37, p. 64 f.
  27. ^ Runge & Scotland: The Clubhouse of the Kaffeehag. In: Zeitschrift für das Baugewerbe , 55th year 1911, pp. 165–167.
  28. ^ F. Rudolf Vogel : From the clubhouse construction. (The coffee shop in Bremen). In: Deutsche Bauhütte , 16th year 1912, pp. 132-134.
  29. ↑ E. Waldmann: New work by garden architect Fr. Gildemeister. In: Die Kunst , 24th year 1910, issue 7, p. 312, p. 314 f. ( Digitized version )
  30. ↑ Der Baumeister , 13th year 1914/1915, issue 7, plate 73.
  31. ↑ above: Two new rooms for Runge & Scotland in Bremen. In: Decorative Art , Volume 19 1916, Issue 9, pp. 284–293. ( Digitized version )
  32. ^ Reception room of the Kaffee-Handels-Aktiengesellschaft, Bremen. In: Die Kunst , 17th year, pp. 570–572. ( [3] )
  33. ^ Architects Runge & Scotland-Bremen. Table in polished birch wood. Seating furniture in the showroom of Kaffee HAG. In: Interior decoration , 25th year 1914, p. 478 f. ( [4] )
  34. ^ Peter Jessen: Die Deutsche Werkbundausstellung Cologne 1914. In: Yearbook of the German Werkbund 1915. Jena 1915, p. 16.
  35. ^ Architects Runge & Scotland-Bremen. Veranda and garden benches, armchairs and tables in white lacquered wood. In: Interior decoration , 26th year 1915, p. 46 f. ( [5] )
  36. ↑ White-painted garden furniture. In: Decorative Art , 18th year 1915, pp. 60–62. ( [6] )
  37. ↑ German art and decoration , 36th year 1915, p. 62 f. ( [7] )
  38. ^ Hall in the house of CW Smit, Bremen. In: Der Baumeister , 12th year 1913/1914, issue 8, plate 64.
  39. ↑ Der Baumeister , 13th year 1914/1915, issue 7, plate 73.
  40. ↑ Kirsten Leuenroth: Company history Runge & Scotland. (online: http://www.runge-scotland.de/firm_00.htm )
  41. ↑ a b Leuenroth, Kirsten: The house of the glockenspiel . In: Hans Tallasch (Ed.): Project Böttcherstraße . Aschenbeck & Holstein, Delmenhorst 2002, ISBN 3-932292-29-4 , p. 102-116 .
  42. ^ Wilhelm Knop: Housing construction in Bremen after the war. In: Wilhelm Knop (ed.): The housing of the free Hanseatic city of Bremen. Bremen 1929, fig. 84.
  43. ↑ Kirsten Leuenroth: The HAG house and the house of St. Petrus. In: Hans Tallasch (Ed.): Project Böttcherstraße. Delmenhorst 2002.
  44. ^ Carl Thalenhorst (ed.): Bremen and its buildings 1900-1951. Bremen 1952, fig. XII a 16.
  45. ^ Hermann Muthesius (Ed.): Country house and garden. Examples of modern country houses with floor plans, interiors and gardens. 4th, completely revised edition, Bruckmann, Munich 1925, pp. 110–111, p. 114, p. 116.
  46. ^ Carl Thalenhorst (ed.): Bremen and its buildings 1900-1951. Bremen 1952.
  47. ↑ School for Education and breathing exercises. (No longer available online.) Bremen-history.com, archived from the original on March 2016 ; accessed on March 21, 2016 .
  48. ↑ Birkenheide Youth Hostel. trollibus-oldenburg.eu, accessed on March 21, 2016 .
  49. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Fries, Heinrich de: Work of the architect Professor Eduard Scotland . In: Deutsche Bauzeitung 70 . 1936, p. 725-736, ill. Pp. 742, 744-745 .
  50. ↑ Rudolf Pfister (Ed.): 130 Eigenheim. From large to smallest single-family homes. Munich undated (approx. 1935), p. 100.
  51. ^ Carl Thalenhorst (ed.): Bremen and its buildings 1900-1951. Bremen 1952, Fig. XII a 37.
  52. ^ Carl Thalenhorst (ed.): Bremen and its buildings 1900-1951. Bremen 1952, fig. XVII 31.
  53. ^ Carl Thalenhorst (ed.): Bremen and its buildings 1900-1951. Bremen 1952, Fig. XII d 1-2.

Web links

Commons : Eduard Scotland  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Scotland, Edward
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Scotland, Wilhelm Christoph Eduard (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect
DATE OF BIRTH 4th July 1885
PLACE OF BIRTH Bremen
DATE OF DEATH June 20, 1945
Place of death Bremen