University of Bremen

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University of Bremen
logo
founding 1982
Sponsorship state
place Bremen
state Bremen
country Germany
Rector Karin Luckey (since September 1, 2008)
Students 8,817 (WS 2017/18)
Website www.hs-bremen.de
Bremen University of Applied Sciences - Neustadtswall facilities

The Bremen University of Applied Sciences (HSB) is a state university in Bremen . It was created in 1982 from the merger of four universities: the University of Economics , the University of Technology , the University of Social Pedagogy and Social Economics and the University of Nautical Science .

In the state of Bremen there are four other universities in addition to the HSB: The University of the Arts Bremen (hfk), the Jacobs University Bremen , the University of Bremen and the University of Bremerhaven .

Locations

The university is spread over four locations. The central location with the main administration and the social affairs and technology departments is in Bremen Neustadt on Neustadtswall. The departments of nautical science and economics are located one kilometer northeast of the teaching building at Werderstrasse 73, where the School of International Business (SIB) , which is part of the economics department, is also located. Another location is near Bremen Airport , where the Center for Computer Science and Media Technologies (ZIMT) is located with the departments of Computer Science and Aerospace. The Institute for Aerospace Technology is also located here. The International Graduate Center (IGC) is located at Langemarckstrasse.

Education

In 2010 a total of around 8,000 students were enrolled , around 58% of them male and 42% female. Of the 1,365 graduates (2008), 670 came from economics, 532 from engineering and natural sciences and 163 from humanities and social sciences. The most popular or largest courses in 2008/2009 were social work (1165 applications / 405 students), business administration (801/548), tourism management (762/287), business administration and management (450/290), and global management (379/253 ), Mechanical Engineering (317/470), Business Languages ​​and Corporate Management (317/353), Leisure Sciences (281/27), Bionics (279 /?), Nautical Science (210/406) and Civil Engineering (? / 286).

The Bremen University of Applied Sciences has around 300 cooperation agreements with foreign universities (as of 2017) and the majority of the courses require at least one semester abroad. Some courses award double degrees in cooperation with foreign universities . In addition, several completely English-language master’s courses are offered in the fields of engineering and business.

In the 2005/2006 winter semester, almost all diploma courses were converted into Bachelor / Master courses as part of the general alignment of courses at the University of Bremen . In addition to the Technical University of Munich , the University of Bremen received the “Best Practice University” award from the Center for University Development for its reform concept .

In 2004, Bremen University of Applied Sciences founded a graduate school called the International Graduate Center (IGC) in order to be able to offer postgraduate courses either part-time or full-time to target groups. Master's programs at the IGC are mainly offered in the field of management and lead to the recognized degrees of Master of Arts (MA) or Master of Business Administration (MBA).

Bremen University of Applied Sciences is one of seven members in the German university association Alliance for Excellence UAS7 . The university was also part of the Wbone network for educational institutions in Bremen.

The University of Bremen has been severely underfunded for years. It is feared that there will be massive reductions in university places if the financial situation does not improve.

special offers

At the end of the 1980s, the Bremen University of Applied Sciences developed the course management in retail together with EDEKA Nordwest, the Beck & Co. brewery , KraftJacobsSuchard (today Mondelēz International ), the German retail association, the Bremen Chamber of Commerce and the North Sea retail association . This focuses the study of business administration on all branches of the consumer goods industry that are in contact with retail, i.e. the retail-oriented departments of the consumer goods industry, wholesalers and retailers as well as consumers. The course was awarded the “ Golden Sugar Loaf ” - the most important award for the consumer goods industry in Germany - and has been sponsored by the Conzen Foundation for many years .

The Bremen University of Applied Sciences offers an international women's degree in computer science . In contrast to the media informatics course or the international technical informatics course , this course is a general computer science course only for women.

The courses offered by the School of International Business at the Bremen University of Applied Sciences include international bachelor and diploma courses as well as English and German-language master’s courses. As one of only four universities of applied sciences in Germany, the university offers a degree in economics (international degree in economics).

Study requirements

In addition to the general study requirements, there are two other options for studying in Bremen:

  • The special admission requires a place of residence in Bremen or the surrounding area, a completed vocational training and an examination leading to e.g. B. as a foreman, technician or business economist.
  • The placement test requires a place of residence in Bremen or the surrounding area, completed vocational training of at least 2 years, at least three years of further professional experience and participation in advanced and advanced training events. There is then an examination for admission.

Faculties

Bremen University of Applied Sciences - facilities on Neustadtswall

The five faculties offer 70 courses (as of 2010) - mostly with a Bachelor's or Master's degree - the majority of which include a mandatory stay abroad.

Faculty 1: Economics

This faculty is called the School of International Business (SIB). All courses are internationally oriented. The lessons take place in several languages. The SIB offers Bachelor and Master courses. The 4 bachelor's degree programs are divided into 3 work areas:

  • International management
  • Management and technology
  • Public economy, finance and economics

The master’s courses offered are Business Administration, Business Management, East Asian Management, European Studies, Global Management, Tourism Management, International Business Administration and Cultural Management .

Faculty 2: Architecture, Construction and Environment

The following Bachelor and Master degree programs are offered for:

Faculty 3: Social Sciences

The following Bachelor and Master courses are offered:

  • Bachelor courses:
    • International Degree in Applied Leisure Science BA
    • International degree in Nursing and Health Management BA
    • International degree in Political Management BA
    • Social Work BA
    • Social Work Dual BA
  • Master courses:
    • Politics and Sustainability MA
    • International Studies of Leisure and Tourism MA
    • Practical Research and Innovation in Social Work MA
  • Dual course:
    • Applied Therapy Sciences Speech Therapy and Physiotherapy B.Sc.

The previous International BA in Journalism is no longer accepting new students; the last matriculation was in the winter semester 2014.

For the history of the faculty and the subjects, see below.

Faculty 4: Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

A number (2010: 16) of Bachelor's and Master's degrees are offered in the following areas:

  • Energy Technology,
  • Electrical engineering and applied physics,
  • Automation technology,
  • General computer science as well
  • Media - IT

Faculty 5: Nature and Technology

There are (2011: 19) Bachelor and Master courses offered in the two mechanical engineering departments:

  • Mechanical Production and Engineering B.Eng. (Dual course with EADS Astrium / Airbus)
  • Energy technology B.Eng.
  • Industrial Management and Engineering China B.Eng. (International course)
  • Aviation Systems Technology and Management B.Eng. (International dual degree with Lufthansa Flight Training, RWL, etc.)
  • Aviation systems technology and management for maintenance engineers B.Eng. (Dual course with Lufthansa Technik)
  • Mechanical engineering B.Eng.
  • Aerospace engineering B.Eng.
  • Aeronautical Management M.Eng.
  • Aeronautical Technologies M.Eng.
  • Mechanical engineering M. Eng.

Shipbuilding and marine technology, nautical science, biology, bionics:

  • Shipbuilding and marine engineering B.Eng.
  • Shipbuilding and marine engineering B.Eng. (International course)
  • Study in the practice group shipbuilding and marine technology B.Eng. (Dual course)
  • Shipbuilding and marine engineering M.Eng.
  • Ship Management B.Sc. (Nautical Science) (International Degree)
  • Shipping and Chartering BA (International Degree)
  • Technical and Applied Biology B.Sc. (International course)
  • Technical and Applied Biology M.Sc. (International course)
  • Bionics B.Sc. (International course)
  • Bionics: Mobile Systems M.Sc.

International Graduate Center

The International Graduate Center (IGC) is the Graduate School of the University of Bremen. In addition to in-service training for executives, the offer also includes full-time study programs for a national and international audience from over 40 nations. The following (2019: 9) master’s courses are offered:

  • Business Administration, MBA (part-time)
  • Business Management, MA (part-time)
  • Cultural Management, MA (part-time)
  • European / Asian Management, MBA
  • International Business Administration MBA (Dual Degree Program)
  • Global Management, MBA
  • International Tourism Management, MBA
  • European Studies, MA
  • Master in Aeronautical Management, M.Eng

In addition, part-time training courses are offered that end with a certificate.

Research institutions

Faculty 1 - Economics:

  • Bremen Institute for Applied Trade Research
  • Bremen Institute for Empirical Trade and Regional Structure Research
  • Bremen Institute for Tourism and Leisure Research
  • Center for Technology and Management
  • Center for International Management Studies
  • East Asian Management Research Institute
  • Institute for European Regional Economics
  • Institute for Finance and Service Management
  • Institute for Company History
  • Institute for Business Practice and Administrative Reform
  • market.research.culture
  • Institute for Transport and Development
  • Turkish-German Economic Institute V.
  • Center for Intercultural Management
  • Center for Public Management

Faculty 2 - Architecture, Building and Environment:

  • Bremen Institute for Architecture, Art and Urban Culture
  • Institute for New Dimensions
  • Institute for Building Materials Technology
  • Institute for Experimental Statics
  • Institute for Geotechnics
  • Institute for Construction and Design
  • Institute for Energy and Circular Economy
  • Institute for Environmental and Biotechnology
  • Institute for Hydraulic Engineering
  • Center for energy-efficient technology and architecture
  • Institute of Urban Architecture

Faculty 3 - Social Sciences:

  • Bremen Institute for Social Work and Development eV
  • Institute for Applied Media Research
  • Institute for Leisure Science and Cultural Work eV
  • Institute for Health and Nursing Economics
  • Institute for Science Communication
  • Institute for Human-Environment Relationships and Empirical Social Research
  • International Institute for Studies in the Construction Industry
  • Competence Center Sustainability in Global Change
  • Center for Nursing Research and Advice

Faculty 4 - Electrical Engineering and Computer Science:

  • Bremen Center for Mechatronics
  • Institute for Computer Science and Automation
  • Institute for Mechatronic System Development
  • Institute for Microelectronics, Micromechanics and Microoptics
  • Institute for communications engineering
  • Institute for water noise, sonar technology and signal theory
  • Media Competence Center (MMCC)

Faculty 5 - Nature and Technology:

  • Bionics Innovation Center Bremen
  • Bremen Institute for the Practice of Natural Sciences
  • Society for applied environmental protection and safety in maritime transport mbH
  • Institute for Aerospace Technology
  • Institute for Maritime Simulation
  • Institute for Production Technology and Factory Operations
  • Institute for Ship and Marine Technology
  • Institute for Environmental and Biotechnology
  • Julius Robert Mayer - Institute for Energy Technology
  • Maritime Institute Bremen
  • Center for material and welding technology

Student councils

The General Student Committee (AStA) is the executive body of the student body entrusted with external representation at the University of Bremen. The AStA is elected by the student parliament. It consists of the board of directors and a number of speakers (clerks) for various areas of responsibility. In addition to the AStA, there are also student councils at the University of Bremen to represent the interests of students in the respective faculties.

history

Bremen technical center before 1917, today the M-wing (Neustadtswall) of the University of Bremen , which has now been converted twice

The Bremen University of Applied Sciences was established in 1982 from the merger of the universities of business, technology, social pedagogy and social economy as well as nautical science.

economy

In 1963 the Higher Business School (HWF) started operations. In 1964 it had around 65 students. In 1968 it became the business academy and in 1970 the independent business school . In 1982, when the four universities were merged, Faculty 1 - Economics and now 22 courses (status: 2009) was created .

technology

Since 1892 the Senate planned to set up a technical trade school . In 1894, the technical center was set up in the south-west wing of the school on Langemarckstraße (then Kleine Allee) in Neustadt with the three schools for construction, mechanical engineering, shipbuilding and, in 1895, the marine engineer school.

In 1906 a new building was opened on the opposite side according to plans by Hugo Wagner (Bremen), today the M-wing of the University of Bremen . 1914, the pilot plant was named Technical State colleges with departments construction and civil engineering , mechanical engineering , electronics, shipbuilding and aerospace engineering, ship engineering school . The name Technikum was popularly known. Other departments developed or changed, among other things. a. in civil engineering , electrical engineering , marine engineering; the naval engineering school became part of the marine engineering school. In 1927, the Bremerhaven Ship Engineering School, founded in 1884, was incorporated. An extension was built in 1927.

From 1937 the name State Engineering School and State Building School was in effect in Bremen . After the school building burned out in 1941, studies took place at the school on Leibnitzplatz (at that time the Kapitän-König-Schule ). In 1942 the name of the building and engineering school of the Hanseatic City of Bremen was introduced.

After the Second World War , repairs were made to the school building. Extensions were built in 1956 on Neustadtswall, in 1959 the machine laboratory with an extension (1962) and in 1963 the electric wing at the park. During this time, Kuntze was director of the school for many years. In 1963 the name was now an engineering school with around 1,550 students (1964), then an engineering academy in 1968 and finally a college of technology in 1970 . The data center was built in 1974, followed in 1976 by the 10-storey high-rise for the architecture and civil engineering departments (AB wing). The cafeteria based on plans by Evaristo Sosa (Bremen) with the art group 4 Riesen by Klaus Schultze was built between 1977 and 1980. The giants disappeared almost without a trace in 2008 when the cafeteria was renovated.

After the merger of the four universities, the

  • Faculty 2 - Architecture, Building and Environment with meanwhile 6 courses (status: 2009) ,
  • Faculty 4 - Electrical Engineering and Computer Science with meanwhile 13 courses (status: 2009) and
  • Faculty 5 - Nature and Technology with meanwhile 19 courses (status: 2011)

In 2002 the M-wing was increased and rebuilt.

Social Pedagogy and Social Economics

In 1870 the Women's Employment and Training Association (FEAV) , which is still active today in vocational training for women, held courses for nanny for the first time in Bremen. In 1909, the first Bremen women's school was opened under the direction of the teachers Emilie Bendel and Agnes Matthes, sponsored by the FEAV. During the First World War it was rededicated as a women's service school. In 1918 the social women's school opened at Pelzerstrasse No. 8/11 (later at Contrescarpe 162) with a seminar for handicraft and home economics teachers and a socio-educational seminar for kindergarten teachers; The director was the Bremen pedagogue, women's rights activist and later member of parliament, Agnes Heineken . In 1933 the FEAV was dissolved, the training was nationalized and Agnes Heineken was forced into retirement by the National Socialists . As a result, she campaigned for persecuted Jewish citizens. Household courses and a lunch menu were offered until 1943.

After the Second World War, the technical school for social professions was established with the department for women’s technical school in Straßburger Straße, the department for kindergarten teachers and youth leaders in Mainstraße and the department for welfare school Am Wall . This technical school had around 320 students in 1964. In 1968 it became the Social Academy and in 1970 the independent University of Social Education and Social Economics (HfSS) , which was housed in today's GW1 building on the university campus. In the 1960s and 1970s - the times of upheaval - the social academy and the university of applied sciences that emerged from it in 1970 were run by the Bremen pedagogue Emilie Stahl as rector. In 1966, Stahl was the first woman on the German Education Council and, as an expert in preschool education, campaigned for social recognition of the teaching profession. The merger of the four universities in 1982 initially resulted in a social affairs department and, after further restructuring in 2005, today's Faculty 3 - social sciences with now (2015) eight courses on Neustadtswall.

In the winter semester 1995/96 - before the further differentiation of the MINT subjects and the Bologna reform - 872 students studied the diploma course in social work / social pedagogy, which at that time still had 25 professorships at the Langemarckstraße location and where the HfSS founded the “Center for Social Counseling and Education (ZEBB)” and published a series of publications. Until 2003, there was also a social pedagogy / social work science department at Faculty 11 of the University of Bremen in Grazer Straße 2 with a degree in social pedagogy; In addition to the focus of Department 11 on public health and health sciences, an offer for early childhood education in the primary school education department of Department 12 has been preserved to this day (2015).

In 2006 the 90th anniversary of the professional organization was celebrated at the HSB and strengthened by external initiative, in the summer semester 2007, after recurring closure plans of the university management concerning the degree program, the corner professorship for social work science and subsequently linked. a. six further university professorships can be appointed in accordance with accreditation requirements. Currently, 405 students (status: WS 2008/2009) are accompanied by twelve professors and three teachers for special tasks as well as 34 lecturers from the practical fields in the seven-semester BA degree program in social work (status summer semester 2019). Is offered u. a. a module on international social work and global learning as well as an international exchange program within the framework of SocNet98 - European Network of Schools and Universities of Social Work . A novelty persisted for a long time: the only subject at the Bremen University of Applied Sciences and also unique in Germany was lacking a master’s degree for social work and thus a structured access to a doctorate at the science location Bremen. This gap could be closed in summer semester 2019 with the addition of the course "Practical Research and Innovation in Social Work MA".

Nautical

The former helmsman Daniel Braubach suggested setting up a navigation school in Bremen at the end of the 18th century. In 1790 he was appointed navigation teacher to a private school by the Senate. Carl Philipp Cassel (1742 / 44–1807) founded the Bremen Navigation School in 1798 with other partners in Haus Seefahrt , the nucleus of nautical training in the city and the forerunner of the Bremen Seafaring School . Braubach ran this school, which in 1799 only had 14 students. and he wrote a nautical manual . From 1803 to 1809 the school was rented and again in the Seefahrt house until 1812. The school was closed in 1812 and reopened in 1825 with 8 students. In 1828 there were 28 and in 1830 52 students. Lessons were held in the secondary school on Dechanatstrasse and the headmaster was Captain Friedrich Lappenberg until 1837. The school stagnated after that.

The helmsman school on the Wichelnburg 1854/1855

From February 1850 Arthur Breusing (1818-1892) was a navigation teacher at the helmsman school , which now had a lower and an upper helmsman class and which was from 1854 in the previous "insane asylum" on the Wichelnburg in Stephanieviertel. Breusing was one of the most important nautical experts and geographers of the 19th century. His first work of 1852, the Guide for Seafarers , became a standard work of training. In 1858 Breusing became director of the renamed nautical school and in 1861 he received his doctorate. phil. Due to his reputation and his activities, it developed into the most prestigious seafaring school in Germany. One of the best and most important students of this time was the German polar explorer Carl Koldewey .

Adolph Bermpohl , the initiator of the organized sea rescue service in Germany, passed his under- and head-helmsman exams in Bremen. As a navigation teacher, he taught at the navigation school in Vegesack from 1859 and went to Emden in 1867 . From 1870 to 1884 he worked at the Bremen Seafaring School.

In 1877, according to plans by Alexander Schröder and Johannes Rippe, a new school building was built on Neustadtswall near the former Buntentor , which was rebuilt in 1909. The building was destroyed in 1944.

From 1897 Carl Schilling and then from 1928 to 1936 and from 1946 to 1951 Julius Preuß were headmasters. In 1946 a seafaring school was again allowed to be set up in Bremen. The first lesson took place in barracks (Bürenstrasse, Hermann-Böse-Strasse). In 1949 the school moved to the school on Elsflether Strasse . In 1958, the new teaching building was opened on the Stadtwerder according to plans by Bernhard Wessel . The course took place in 4 semesters plus 1 year of driving time plus 2 × 2 semesters of study. In 1964 there were around 320 students at the Bremen Seafaring School . The seafaring schools in Bremen and Bremerhaven were merged and upgraded to the seafaring academy in 1968 and the nautical college in 1970. The course was now awarded continuously in 6 semesters. In 1982 the Bremerhaven department and in 1986 the marine radio training had to be given up.

In 1998 the nautical department was renamed Nautical and International Economics . Today the nautical department is the International Ship Management B.Sc. (Nautical Science ) in Faculty 5 - Nature and Technology .

In 2003 the seminar building with lecture halls and an attached canteen for 700 meals with 4500 m² gross floor area was inaugurated according to the plans of the planning group Gestering, Knipping and de Vries (Bremen).

Personalities

Academic teachers

In alphabetical order

  • Karl Marten Barfuß (* 1938), economist and economic historian
  • Ernst Becker-Sassenhof (1900–1968), 1935–1937 lecturer in architecture
  • Friedrich Braux, physics studies
  • Carl Philipp Cassel (1744–1807), captain, 1798 founder of the nautical school
  • Hans Drake , political scientist, visiting professor at Prescott College / USA a. at the HfSS / Fb. Social affairs 1972–2009
  • Arno Gahrmann (* 1945), professor of finance and investment and non-fiction author
  • Hubert Grabbe , around 1950–1970, timber construction, construction and design apprenticeship
  • Maja Heiner (1944–2013), social education worker, professor at the HfSS and HS Bremen from 1973 to 1992
  • Heinz Hengst (* 1941), childhood researcher, professor of social and cultural studies
  • Sönke Hundt (* 1938), economist
  • Heinz Jagau, earthworks and foundation engineering (around 1960–1990 years)
  • Franz-Josef Krafeld (* 1947), social pedagogue, educational science 1979 to 2012
  • Friedrich Lappenberg , captain, shipowner, headmaster of the nautical school from 1825 to 1837
  • Dieter Leuthold (* 1942), teacher, teacher and corporate historian
  • Uwe Mämpel (*), artist, professor of handicraft education, technical education and the history of technology, specialist book author on ceramics
  • Hans-Joachim Manske (* 1944), art historian, architectural theory and building history
  • Renate Meyer-Braun (* 1938), historian, social sciences, 1997–2003 central women's representative
  • Arnold Meyer-Faje (* 1933), economist, a. a. also at the University of Bremerhaven
  • Gerhard Müller-Menckens (1917–2007), architect, design apprentice
  • Kurt Possehl (* 1940), prison psychologist, methodology from 1981 to 2002
  • Julius Preuß (1885–1954), 1928–1936 and 1946–1951 director of the seafaring school
  • Carl Schilling (1857–1932), navigator, 1897–1928 director of the seafaring school
  • Karlheinz Schwuchow (* 1958), business economist
  • Emilie Stahl (1921–2003), Rector of the Social Academy (1959), Professor in the Department of Social Affairs (until 1987)
  • Walter Stein (1904–1993), astronomer, deputy high seas school director
  • Sibylle Tönnies (1944–2017), lawyer and sociologist, professor at the HfSS / Fb. Social affairs v. 1977-2000
  • Reiner Zeller (), psychologist, entrepreneur, professor at the HfSS / Fb. Social affairs, most recently dean

Graduates

In alphabetical order

Honorary bearer

In alphabetical order

  • Günther Czichon (* 1930), Senator, Chairman of the Board of Management of Stadtwerke Bremen, honorary citizen of the University of Bremen
  • Uwe Mehrtens , German entrepreneur and honorary senator of the University of Bremen
  • Conrad Naber (1922–2018), entrepreneur, honorary citizen of the University of Bremen
  • Hendrik Johan Lubert Vonhoff , Dutch politician and honorary senator of the University of Bremen

literature

  • Renate Meyer-Braun: Senior teacher at technical secondary schools at the time of the German Empire - shown using the example of the Bremen technical center . In: Technikgeschichte, Vol. 60 (1993), No. 1, pp. 45-57.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. www.hs-bremen.de , accessed on January 7, 2019
  2. a b University of Bremen in Weser-Kurier from May 3, 2009
  3. Best practice university award ( Memento from April 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ^ Bremen University of Applied Sciences criticizes distribution of finances, Weser Kurier online November 11, 2011
  5. The financial framework must be right. Rector Prof. Dr. Karin Luckey appeals to Bremen politics. hs-bremen.de, December 5, 2012, accessed on February 8, 2013 .
  6. Agreement between the University of Bremen and the Friedrich Conzen Foundation (PDF; 58 kB)
  7. http://www.hs-bremen.de/internet/de/studium/stg/ifi/
  8. Heineken, Sara Agnes ( Memento from August 4, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) at www.bremer-frauenmuseum.de
  9. Stahl, Emilie gen. Minnie, b. Kruse ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) at www.bremer-frauenmuseum.de
  10. http://www.hs-bremen.de/internet/de/hsb/struktur/mitarbeiter/krafeld/
  11. http://sowiport.gesis.org/search/institution/Zentrum%20f%C3%BCr%20Soziale%20Beratung%20und%20Bildung
  12. Study course Social Work Science / Social Pedagogy Study course Social Pedagogy / Social Work Science - Staff - ( Memento from July 3, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  13. http://www.hs-bremen.de/internet/de/studium/stg/soz/
  14. http://www.socnet98.eu/
  15. http://www.fbts.de/fileadmin/fbts/Archiv/%C3%9Cbersicht_MAStudieng%C3%A4ng_BachelorSA_092010-2.htm
  16. https://www.bremen.de/wissenschaft/der-wissenschaftsstandort-bremen-und-bremerhaven-1553313
  17. "Honorary Senator Dr. jur. Uwe Mehrtens passed away ” ( Memento from October 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), press box, October 11, 2010
  18. "Senator Eh Hendrik Johan Lubert Vonhoff died at the age of 79" , University of Bremen, September 30, 2010

Coordinates: 53 ° 4 ′ 21.5 ″  N , 8 ° 47 ′ 37.8 ″  E