Agnes Heineken

Sara Agnes Heineken (born July 13, 1872 in Bremen ; † July 5, 1954 in Bremen) was a pedagogue , women's rights activist and Bremen politician ( DDP ).

biography

Education and Janson School

Agnes Heineken memorial at the vocational training center in Bremen

Heineken was the daughter of the construction council and board member of the Hafenbauinspektion Hermann Friedrich Heineken (1835-1918) and of Agneta Heineken, née Tholen (1844-1912). The teacher and senior director of studies Theda Heineken (1907-1993) was her niece.

She attended from 1878 to 1890, the Higher School for Girls Janson of Ida Janson in Wilhadistraße in Bremen, which was also the feminist Mathilde Lammers taught. She continued her studies at the Janson School Teachers' College. After that she was a teacher at the same school from 1890 to 1892. Through travels and extended stays in Paris and France from 1892 to 1894, she acquired the qualification to teach French. She then taught at the Ida Wohlers secondary school for girls and again at the Janson School. From 1899 she studied German, history and philosophy at the University of Göttingen . Here she was influenced by the liberal Friedrich Naumann . In March 1903 she passed the exam for girls' public schools. From 1903 she taught as a senior teacher in German, history and French at the Janson School.

Heineken supported efforts for higher education for girls in public schools. When she criticized in a letter to the editor in 1907 that the conservative Bremen - in contrast to other German cities - had six higher boys 'schools, but not a single state girls' school, she was dismissed from the private Janson school without notice.

Teacher, suffragette, politician

From 1907 to 1918, Heineken therefore taught at the higher girls' school that already existed there at the suggestion of the Vegesack city ​​council . During this time she supported a new school reform with better opportunities for the girls in Bremen. The liberal Heineken campaigned vigorously for women's suffrage . In 1910 she and others founded the Bremen Women's City Association . She was a board member of the Bremen teachers 'association and the section for higher and middle schools of the General German Teachers' Association . She was also active in the monist union in Bremen, which was banned in 1933 .

In 1918 she became the director of the schools of the women's acquisition and training association . She successfully supported the further development of vocational and technical schools. In 1919/20 she was for the DDP in the Bremen National Assembly . In 1920 she became honorary director of the home economics school for girls . She was involved in the founding of the Social Women's School (1918), the General Women's School (1919), the Social Pedagogical Seminar for Kindergarten Teachers and Horters (1920), the Higher Commercial School (1921), the Nanny School (1923), the seminar for the training of trade teachers (1926) and the higher technical school for women's professions (1929) as well as the mothers' school course .

She belonged to the liberal German Democratic Party (DDP). From 1920 to 1921 and again from 1923 to 1930 she was a member of the Bremen citizenship for her party . Here she was active in the deputation for schools and in other deputations and commissions. One of her great achievements in 1920 was the introduction of the "Bremen Year", a compulsory home economics school year for girls after the eighth school year, which was decided by the citizenship in April. She campaigned for the uniform school, scholarships for college students and the further training of unemployed women and girls.

By the National Socialists in 1933 she was dismissed as head of the compulsory home economics training school . She also lost her other offices during the National Socialist era . During this time she helped persecuted Jewish citizens.

After the Second World War she resumed her work. Due to her personality and her organizational talent, she worked in associations and clubs in the reconstruction of the educational institutions in Bremen.

Heineken was an important woman in the Bremen women's movement . In 1946, together with Anna Klara Fischer , Anna Stiegler , Käthe Popall and Irmgard Enderle, she was a founding member and board member of the Bremen Women's Committee , a socially recognized, non-partisan and non-denominational umbrella organization of women's organizations from all areas of society in Bremen. From 1949 to 1950 she was the chairman of the association as the successor to Charlotte Niehaus ; she was followed by Anna Klara Fischer in the office.

Honors

• The Agnes Heineken memorial , designed by the sculptor Kurt Lettow in the form of a stone stele with the portrait of the pedagogue who deserves the vocational training of girls, has been standing at the Bremen vocational training center (BBZ) between blocks A and B in the Bremen-Mitte district since 1957 .
• The Agnes Heineken street in Bremen- Obervieland was named after her.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ See Julia van Wilpe (arr.); Kulturkirche St. Stephani Bremen (ed.): The Bremen sculptor Kurt Lettow. Beyond the borders of Bremen. 1908-1992. Rasch, Bramsche 2012, ISBN 978-3-89946-211-1 (volume accompanying the exhibition "Post-war Church Art Aesthetics: Lettow, in the St. Stephani Cultural Church in Bremen, June 7th to August 26th, 2012").

literature

• Herbert Black Forest : The Great Bremen Lexicon . 2nd, updated, revised and expanded edition. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X .
• Elfriede Bachmann in: Bremische Biographien 1912–1962 .
• Christine Holzner-Rabe in: Hannelore Cyrus u. a. (Ed.): Bremen women from A to Z, A biographical lexicon. Verlag id Sonnenstr, Bremen 1991, ISBN 3-926768-02-9 .
• Hilda Uhlenhaut: Heineken, Sara Agnes . In: Frauen Geschichte (n) , Bremer Frauenmuseum (ed.). Edition Falkenberg, Bremen 2016, ISBN 978-3-95494-095-0 .
• Wiltrud Ulrike Drechsel: History in Public Space. Monuments in Bremen between 1435 and 2001. Bremen: Donat, 2011, p. 22 f.

Web links

• Radio Bremen - Forgotten Bremer - Agnes Heineken