Spitzberg (Tübingen)
| Spitzberg | ||
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 View from the Wurmlinger Chapel on the Wurmlinger Berg eastwards to the Spitzberg; right Hirschau |
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| height | 475.4 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | near Hirschau , Tübingen district , Baden-Württemberg , Germany | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 30 '37 " N , 9 ° 0' 43" E | |
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The Spitzberg (also called Hirschauer Berg ) near Hirschau is 475.4 m above sea level. NHN high and, in particular, wooded Keuper ridges on the edge of the Neckar valley near Tübingen in the Baden-Württemberg district of Tübingen .
geography
location
The Spitzberg is in front of the mountainous forest area Schönbuch a few kilometers south and extends in a west-east direction between the Rottenburg district of Wurmlingen and the university town of Tübingen. It is 3.5 km long and 1.5 km wide. The Hirschau district of Tübingen lies on its southwest flank , so that the Spitzberg is its local mountain .
The western Neckar tributary Ammer flows north past the Spitzberg in the transition valley to the Schönbuch in a west-east direction . The Tiefenbach, a 1.5 km long tributary of the Neckar on the left, rises on the southern flank of the mountain.
The lost Ödenburg ( 407.3 m ) lies on a southeast spur of the Spitzberg .
The eastern branch of the Spitzberg forms the Tübingen Schlossberg, on which the Bismarck Tower and Hohentübingen Castle stand .
Natural allocation
The Spitzberg belongs to the natural spatial main unit group Swabian Keuper-Lias-Land (No. 10), in the main unit Schönbuch and Glemswald (104) and in the subunit Schönbuch (104.1) to the natural area Tübingen step edge bay (104.10).
geology
The near-surface geological subsoil is formed by the claystones of the gypsum keuper ( grave field formation ), the lower and upper colored marl and the sandstone packages of the parlor sandstone . The Spitzberg is flattened at the top. Its plateau is a layered surface that is formed by the parlor sandstone. A weathered remnant of the clay stones of the marl marl is left on it. The clay soils developed over marl marl often cause waterlogging.
The south-facing slope areas drop steeply to the Neckar valley. The Keup layers dive under the alluvial river gravel and floodplain of the Neckar. The northern slopes towards the Ammertal are flatter. From the south in particular, several blades engage the morphologically hard parlor sandstone. They drain into the Tiefenbach.
Fauna, flora and protected areas
Due to its abundance of species, the Spitzberg was an important excursion area for the botanists based in Tübingen from an early age. It is one of the most floristically and faunistically examined areas in Baden-Württemberg. More than 1200 sorts of fern and vascular plants have been found there since the beginning of his floristic research. Different plant communities were also described for the first time on the Tübingen Spitzberg. In addition, over 1300 species of beetles from Spitzberg are known.
On the Spitzberg are parts of the protected landscape area "Spitzberg" ( CDDA -No 324721;. 1967 expelled; 4.6386 square kilometers in size). Due to its biodiversity, a small part of the southern slope is designated as a nature reserve (NSG) " Spitzberg-Ödenburg " (CDDA no. 165616; 1990; 9.93 ha ) and parts of the south-western slope as NSG " Hirschauer Berg " (CDDA no. 81885 ; 1980; 22.2 ha ). Both NSGs are also designated as the fauna-flora-habitat area “ Spitzberg, Pfaffenberg, Kochhartgraben and Neckar ” (FFH no. 7419-341; 8.5349 km²). Parts of the “ Schönbuch ” bird sanctuary are located on the mountains (VSG no. 7420-441; 153.6203 km²).
In order to prevent encroachment and reforestation of the rare plant locations, maintenance measures are carried out in accordance with a maintenance plan. The mowing takes place under the direction of the Upper Nature Conservation Authority at the Tübingen Regional Council.
Viticulture
The Spitzberg is planted with forest due to the steepness of its slopes and the barreness of the soils developed over Gipskeuper and Stubensandstein . The sunny south-facing slopes were, however , used as vineyards for a long time by the Tübingen vineyards - the so-called Gôgen - but fell almost completely fallow since the end of the 19th century. What remains are numerous hillside terraces and stepped stairs , fruit trees that were planted in former vineyard parcels, and old Wengerter huts that can be seen from afar.
leisure
The Spitzberg also plays a role as a local recreation area . The Kapellenweg leading along the plateau is used by walkers, hikers, joggers and cyclists. A popular excursion destination is the Wurmlinger Chapel on the Kapellenberg ( 474.4 m ; also called Wurmlinger Berg ) west of the Spitzberg . In the east of the Spitzberg there is a restaurant near Schwärzloch (Schwärzlocher Hof) . From the Taubenloch near Hirschau there are beautiful views of the Neckar Valley and the surrounding area. The 42 km long themed cycle and hiking trail literature tour, opened in 2012, leads over the Spitzberg . The Ludwig Uhland song path, which opened in October 2010, also leads over the mountain. The privately operated Tübingen Zoo was located at the foot of the mountain from 1907 to 1919 .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ^ Friedrich Huttenlocher , Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 170 Stuttgart. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1949, revised 1967. → Online map (PDF; 4.0 MB)
- ^ Sabine Görs: The plant communities of the vineyards on the Spitzberg . In: State Office for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): The nature and landscape protection areas of Baden-Württemberg . tape 3 . Ludwigsburg 1966, p. 476-534 .
literature
- Jochen Böckemühl u. a. (Ed.): The Spitzberg near Tübingen , Baden-Württemberg. State Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management, Ludwigsburg 1966 (The nature and landscape protection areas of Baden-Württemberg, Volume 3).
- Thomas Gottschalk (ed.): The Spitzberg. Landscape, biodiversity and nature conservation , Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2019, ISBN 978-3-7995-1346-3 .
Web links
- Spitzberg nature pictures , numerous detailed photos of flora and fauna
- Information platform about the Spitzberg , information and presentation of offers on the Spitzberg, on spitzberg-tuebingen.de