Siege of Hohentübingen Castle

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Siege of Hohentübingen Castle 1647
Hohentübingen Castle
Schänzle
Castle portal

The siege of Hohentübingen Castle was an armed conflict in the last phase of the Thirty Years' War in 1647. The Evangelical - Lutheran Württemberg was overrun by war between 1635 and 1648. During this phase of the war, the armies of the Swedish and French royal families fought against troops of the German emperor and the imperial estates .

In 1647, Bavarian mercenaries occupied Hohentübingen Castle while a French army was on the advance.

chronology

The following chronology gives a detailed overview of the events between January 4th and March 8th, 1647.

Monday January 14, 1647

The French army under Turenne advances from Trochtelfingen to Tübingen.

At Derendingen, 800 riders behave and send 50 men ahead on the road along the Steinlach . This vanguard of the French tried a ruse: While their main troop waited under the lime trees at the rifle house, six riders moved on to the Tübingen Neckartor , two of them unarmed and "half stripped" on hitched horses to the barrier . When asked by the city guard about their origin and their desire, they stated that they were soldiers of the imperial Colonel Sporck and that they were bringing these two Frenchmen, who were picked up on the way, to the Hohentübingen, where they were asked to billet.

At first the guard believes this information, opens the barrier and lets the riders get closer to the city gate, but then one becomes suspicious and reports to the commandant of the Bavarian castle crew, Wolf Ulrich von Pürck , who was already on the way to the gate at this time is located.
The French riders turn back "with great laughter" and the entire vanguard quickly disperses when they are shot at with a field snake from Hohentübingen . The French are fired on two more times "from a single piece of cake", but without causing them any losses. Turenne, meanwhile, made “a powerful double shot against Tübingen Castle over” an image of the fortification. He calls on the crew to surrender through a trumpeter as negotiator, who is received by the Bavarians "(after) military ritual". The response of the castle owners is: One would Hohentübingen "gladly welcome" given to the French ( "cediren") would be without knowledge, "Will and Meynung" the Elector of Bavaria not authorized to do so, so you "alßobalden" wanted a courier to Send the instruction and, until it returns, follow the electoral order to persevere "strictissime".

Commander Pürck successfully conceals that at that time there were only 26 soldiers in the castle because most of the crew, including 60 musketeers , were sent "to other Orth". So instead of barricading the fortress against reinforcements, Turenne retreats to Reutlingen and Pfullingen , “alda staying in the night”.
About an hour after their departure, a delegation (" Commission ") from the city and university of Tübingen is sent to the French . "Joh. Martin Rauscher, Hugo Maurique Ein Mömpelgartischer Studiosus , (...), And Mr. Matheus Krämer Burgermeister ”, accompanied by the said French trumpeters, reached Pfullingen and delivered the following message to Turenne (“ Postillion ”): Tübingen had never shown itself hostile to the French, wanted Do not do this in the future either, and we would therefore ask you to "spare the city and university as much as possible".

Tuesday, January 16, 1647

The MPs from Tübingen return at four in the afternoon with the coveted letter of protection ( "Salva Quardi" ), which, however, only relates to the university.

In the following weeks there were hardly any French patrols ; thereafter the talk spreads in the city that Turenne's request to surrender was nothing more than a mere attempt ("tentement").

Wednesday February 10, 1647

Ordinance flag of the royal French infantry regiment "d'Hoquincourt".

Around ten o'clock in the morning, French horsemen appear on the heights around the city.

Around 200 men roam across the Galgenberg down the Burgholz to the Lustnau Neckar Bridge and on the other side "into the vineyard in Fehrenberg" before they leave again after an hour and a half. Another delegation is sent from Tübingen to the reluctant French and learns that the next day seven regiments “on horseback” under Lieutenant général d'Hoquincourt (“d'occencourt”) would march in front of the city. The prelate of Bebenhausen , who was staying at his farm in Tübingen, sent an ox and a calf to the regimental officers "for veneration" that same afternoon, thereby obtaining special protection ("Special Salva Quardi") for the spiritual goods and their owners.

It remains largely quiet during the night; the French, who camp in the " adjacent village communities " such as Dusslingen and Nehren , let only a few watch fires be seen.

Thursday, 11./21. February 1647

In the early morning, immediately after the French left, there was a fire in Nehren "because of unquenched watchfires", but farmers who "escaped from Tübingen" could put it out.
After eight o'clock there are Lieutenant General Hoquincourt, Major General du Tod and Colonels Klug, Schütz, Rauhaupt and R'cancourt with four regiments on horseback and four others on foot "(including the Schmidtberg and Buwinghaußische, whose Herr Obriste did not do this for dißmalen been present;) “on their way down the Steinlachtal. An artillery the French lead four Kartaunen with them to continue their ammunition - and convoy car in the " baggage ".
The troops ("Völckher") move past Tübingen in the direction of Lustnau , Pfrondorf and the Bebenhausen valley. Before that, a negotiator inquires ("exmaninized") again a possible surrender of the castle and town without a fight, but is convinced of their readiness to defend ("resolved").
As the French move on, a Bavarian officer succeeds in capturing two remaining baggage women "deeren one of the belts broken" with their children and capturing three horses. The women are moved out ("spooled") and sent back with the children.

In the meantime, Hoquincourt's mercenaries block all access roads behind them with “facades” and weave bulwarks for the fortification .

In the afternoon around three o'clock, the first enemies swarm directly in front of the Tübingen walls, “in the prince. tummel and the attached garden ", whereupon Commander Pürck occupies the" Lustnauer, Schmidt and Haagthor "with his musketeers. The Bavarians' attempt to drive back the enemy with rifle fire fails and “bitterly Mr. General Lieutenant just about the place ”. For this reason, the Princely Wuerttemberg Supreme Bailiff of Tübingen, “Herr von Croneckh”, and other representatives from the city ​​council and university visit the castle. They assure Pürck that the French are already in the process of deploying their guns in order to "break the walls and let the storming rule rule". The representatives of the civilian population pointed out to the “Commendanten” that the city was impossible to defend (“defendirn”). They ask Pürck to give them the keys to the city gates, to withdraw his men to the fortress ("salviren") and to bring in the drawbridge .

Pürck gives in and after the Bavarians have withdrawn, the keys to the Tübingen gates are given to the French commander. Hoquincourt, now ruler of the city, initially had the Lustnauer Tor occupied by 40 musketeers and on that day obliged a number of farmers to do forced labor .

During the night the French cannons passed through the city ​​kennel to the Haagtor and on to the mill there .

Friday, 12./22. February 1647

Behind the mill mentioned above, on the night of the 13th, the peasants throw up a ramp for the French “ battery ” under close supervision (“in strike strict”) . One of the forced laborers is "shot down from the castle", another is beaten by a French officer ("CapiteinLieutenant"), "When he just wanted to rest a little".

Saturday, 13./23. February 1647

The French gun sergeants ("constables") have taken their positions by three o'clock in the afternoon . The siege (" blocquada ") of Hohentübingen begins.

First of all, the French can shoot a “press” into the kennel wall without making any further progress. The wall, "although (...) very thin and soon broken through", was previously provided by the crew up to halfway up with "a filling of Von Fassinen und Grund".

The castle crew returned the cannonade and destroyed an opposing "Stuckh", soon afterwards another French cannon failed down at the mill.

On this day 33 cannonballs were fired at the Hohentübingen, but little damage was done; only a shield house with a guard bell is "woken up".

When it got dark, the French began digging a trench not far from their gun emplacement and approaching the Schlossberg (“Aprochiren”). For fear of gunfire and grenades, however , Hoquincourt's men dig the trench hastily and too shallowly ("seych"). After the soldiers of the castle crew "after ejection etl. Burning Bechfäßlen "have recognized in the firelight that the enemy" parapet "offers very little protection, a Bavarian stalks" FeldtWaibel with etl. Musquetirern "in the" Pallisaden "in front of the Schlossberg and takes the enemy under fire from a" Rundeel ". The French suffer heavy losses: "over 30 men shot and crushed for this purpose."

Sunday February 14, 1647

The previously started breach in the castle kennel is widened and deepened by the occasional gunfire. In the afternoon, the French received reinforcements: 500 horsemen and three companies of infantry and two half- cartoons move from " Jeßingen ". The cannons are on Lustnauer Tor unlimbered that protect moved to the city, and the rest of the soldiers distributed to the surrounding villages.

This time it is a "drum hit" (" Tambour ") sent by the French commander as a negotiator to ask the Bavarian commandant "do he have a mind". Pürck replied full-bodied: One does not want to know anything about surrendering, the occupation is determined to live and die "as it is due to righteous soldiers". During the following night the castle was bombarded with cannons from outside the city; Furthermore, there is a violent firefight (“a hideous shooting”) between the French musketeers who were sent to the houses on the Neckarhalde and the Bavarian riflemen at the castle. A leading officer (" General Adjutant ") of the French is "shot dangerously through the hand of a poisoned bullet".

Monday, February 15, 1647

Castle vineyard

On this morning you can hear all over the city that there was another attack from the castle to the moat that night , and that 34 French mercenaries were “put to shame”. The rumor was later verified (“verified”) when many wounded people met with the “ Feldtschärern ”, “etl. but has been given home to the earth. "

You then learn that French miners in the vineyard (see illustration) between Neckarhalde and Burg broke a large hole “into a Mäürlin” and “threw it out with shovels over the whole day”. The mine started here by the French is aimed at the two south-eastern round towers of the Hohentübingen, which lie one behind the other.
When the castle crew recognized this new threat, grenades and large stones were thrown into the heap . Bavarian guards keep “diligent watch” and shoot - “if someone (..) sparks” - from arquebuses and muskets. Pürck also orders that countermines be dug from the basement of the two endangered towers.

At nightfall, Bavarian soldiers sneak " back and forth in the round souls and pastions " and are attacked by the French. From the castle you answer with a cannon and "double heels". The French lying in the trench are said to have been thrown at over 100 grenades that night, resulting in losses among them.

Coin below the lock

While the French mercenaries are distracted in this way, “at half past 12 o'clock” three “daring guys” rope down from the castle windows to the Neckarhalde and reach the former Tübingen mint via a vineyard path (“Stäffelin”) where they first try to get through the building brought incendiary ( "feurwerckh") to ignite. Probably due to the lack of suitable material “so gladly burned”, the fire in the “Müntz” does not really get going, while the French are already aware of the arsonists . As they approach the opposing tunnel, they are greeted with "sudden shots (before you come to the Mina entrance)". The three barely escape the bullets, storm the squadron up to their ropes and are hurriedly pulled back up into the castle "as if you are getting wings". Both reports leave the brave unharmed.

After this unsuccessful attack, Bavarian soldiers throw burning pitch barrels into the vineyard above the Neckarhalde and two grenades "in Mr. Neüffers house, and the frst. Wttbg. Münz ", whereby among other things the" treffl. Library "of the Dr. Lansius is in danger.

Tuesday February 16, 1647

French “Cavalry”, previously stationed in Lustnau, Pfrondorf and Bebenhausen, crossed the Neckar on this day and moved to Derendingen, Weilheim (“Weyl”), Kilchberg (“Kilperg”) and “Rothtenburg” . Rottenburg alone has to take on two full regiments due to an incident that was already taking place there “3. Nacht hierVor ”played: The citizens of the“ Stätlin ”, although with a letter of protection from the French and a small crew of“ 6. Lively French Reütter "provided, have secretly brought almost 80 Bavarian musketeers into their walls," willing to bring them into the castle of Hohen Tübingen through a hidden passport ". A citizen of Rottenburg is already leading the Bavarian reinforcement in the direction of Unterjesingen ("Jeßing"), when the plan due to the sudden attack "a French. Parthey ”fails. Anyone who cannot flee from the Bavarians will be massacred, "but the Fiihrer, as the high-ranking Crucis Candidatus, reserved for his elevation".
In the meantime, the firefights between besiegers and besieged continue in Tübingen. A French officer (“General Adjutant”) who had only recently arrived and inspected the gun battery and the trench on behalf of Turenne was “shot on the Ruckhweeg with a traht bullet . Throughout the night, with shooting, neither part wanted to give the other what before. "

Wednesday February 17, 1647

Even today, the “Schloßbeschüzere” throw hand grenades and “Bechring” down into the Neckarhalde. An incendiary device reaches the attic “of a Büxenschiffer's dwelling in the Neccarhalde” through the top shop door , ignites wood shavings lying around there and causes “a dangerous and pathetic heat after midday at half past two o'clock”. Citizens and peasants hurrying to the castle are prevented from extinguishing "with cruel shooting and throwing down 6. Bite 8. Pounding stones". Undaunted, however, the vigilante groups and the crowd of the “AmtBaurschaft who fled in Tübing” fight against “three enemy, feyer, shooting and throwing”. They manage to contain the fire at around 11 a.m.

Two hours later, three French mercenaries went to the site of the fire to get some firewood for their watch fire "by the princely scholarship hinderer gangway". A burning "out of the BechPfanne" from the castle and their own path light make the French an easy target for the Bavarian riflemen and instead of the wood they carry away an injured person.

Thursday February 18, 1647

The "General Adjutant", shot two days earlier at the Haagtormühle, is carried to the grave with two bells ringing. The “Leuchen Procession ” is pathetic , however, as “those at the castle” use their free field of fire (“flanckh”) in the churchyard to accompany the funeral procession with gunfire. In the meantime, the French have reached the palace palisades with their trench.

Friday February 19 and Saturday February 20, 1647

"Nothing special has been done."

Sunday February 21, 1647

The mercenaries of the Catholic Elector of Bavaria celebrate "Faßnacht" with "shouting, trumming and whistling" - and firing a mortar once . The 60-pound stone ball just misses the Tübingen town hall. Otherwise there is hardly any shooting from the castle on this day, "maybe because the watery eyes can no longer see an enemy."

Monday, February 22, 1647

Today, on the other hand, the castle crew is targeting what can be seen. Several Tübingen citizens die from bullets, including "a Beckh just looking out the window" and an "old" woman of 50 years while she is sitting behind her stove.

Other citizens and "also Bauersleüth" are shot and because the Bavarian shooters repeatedly use "commonly" prepared ammunition, grazing shots lead to serious injuries.

Tuesday, February 23, 1647

A spy is arrested by Hoquincourt's men, a “ papist brewer servant” who is said to have reported to the besieged everything that he “fished up” or heard about the French. He will “bey the bread pavilionwith 2 Corporal Schafften “tied upright to a beam as a punishment.

Throughout the day, French mercenaries collect "a lot of long laitern " and cut them to 10 or 11 rungs. When the number is insufficient, the “Wägner” of the city have to make more. Finally, blacksmiths provide the ends of all ladder rails with iron "spikes".

From afternoon to "bite into the dark night into banque advantage Hoquincourt" with his officers in Tuebingen Town Hall. One makes it “even fun” and the trumpets and “ heer paws ” can be heard in the castle, but this celebration is not disturbed by falling rocks or fire bombs (“fire balls”).

Wednesday February 24, 1647

On this day, the castle crew again fired indiscriminately at civilians and enemy soldiers. The shin of a farmer from Ofterdingen is shattered, another from Pfrondorf, "so his Rößlin is soaked in the Spithal well, shot into the left ear."

Friday February 26, 1647

From the "15th bit to today's 26th" the French barely covered the castle with cannon fire. Only the "Commendirte Musquetirer" in the Neckarhalde deny the Bavarians "flanking something".

According to Schweigkels' report, the Bavarian miners had dug their countermines "two picks deep" under the foundations of the threatened towers by then (at the latest) . In the course of their work, the enemies get so close underground that they can talk to each other, then the French change the direction of their tunnel, "but where," said Schweigkel for the castle crew, "we don't know yet."

Saturday, February 27, 1647

Quite a few farmers are led out to the Neckartor on the "Gännswaßen", where they "cut water to block the Mina with it " throughout the day ; other farmers have to weave bulwarks and "roll" them to the Neckar Bridge.

In the afternoon, thick clouds of smoke herald a fire in Dusslingen. The "same fleckhen building stock" is sent out to fight the fire, but until it reaches the village, "are already in the 15 Vörst in the Aschen". After their return, the farmers concerned testify that the guard fires maintained by the French in Dusslingen "have been diligently extinguished". The fire would also have broken out in different places in the village, and only those where there would have been no French watch fires. Your conjecture is therefore based on arson "(as some target data suppose)".

Sunday February 28, 1647

The "dug up waterways" are "led" between the curtain wall and the houses of the Neckarhalde to the vicinity of the mine and then completely transported to the mine under cover of darkness. After this is soon noticed by Bayern, there is a violent exchange of fire; "Under which 4 french. Musquetirer have been badly squeezed. "

Monday March 1, 1647

At the fire site on Wednesday, February 17th, the French throw up a small hill ("Schänzlin") during the night. The fastening is then secured “with overlaying boards”. This creates a covered walkway to the vineyard, which makes the mine easier to reach.
In all of this work, "from the castle onwards, nobody will be heavily involved"; it seems as if the crew have now realized that they are powerless against the enemy mine.

Tuesday March 2, 1647

The French unload 31 powder kegs "(unequal Inhallts)" from an ammunition wagon in front of a house in the Neckarhalde. When it is dark, the barrels are brought into the mine, "and (bequeathed) them afterwards". Nothing happens to indicate that the crew of the Hohentübingen is aware of these events. That same night, Hoquincourt relocated the two remaining cannons from the Haagtormühle to the Lustauer Tor, from where they and the two half cartoons that arrived on Sunday, February 14th, were led over the Neckar Bridge and out onto the "Großer Weerth" (Wöhrd) .

There, “not far from the ordinari Fahrstrasse”, farmers who are compulsorily obliged to dig a “proper” battery in just two hours. This work also causes a lot of commotion (“a real noise”) and is not hindered in any way by the Bavarians.

Wednesday, 3./13. March 1647

The new battery wishes Hohentübingen a "good day" for the first time this morning.
At half past one, Hoquincourt sends a “drum beater” to negotiate on the Hohentübingen, “he has Bayr. Commendants roughly reported: “Pürck had disdainfully dismissed all previous requests for handover, it had now proceeded seriously and a mine had been completed. In the spirit of laudable martial law and the “discretion of the officers”, it should be pointed out that “it would certainly make a wonderful leap in the air” if this were ignited.

Hoquincourt would also like to enable the castle crew to visit the finished mine by placing French hostages . After that, so the messenger, the Bavarians are free to defend themselves “or to agree”. Pürck accepts the offer and exchanges one of his “Lieutenanden (who kept himself calm in the siege)” including sergeant and drummers for the French “Capitain Lieuten.” Höle as well as a corporal and a drum of the French.

Colonel Klug leads the Bavarian officer into the mine. However, he did not show him the explosive chamber, which was filled with powder, so that Pürck's lieutenant said that he could not, of course, report having seen a mine, “only a hole”. In response to the objection of “Obrister Klueg” that the mine was already “covered” (locked), the Bavarian replied: “He did not believe that he had been in a Mina , now and then did not know whether Pullver or something else was going there; but be it as it pleases, have it good ways, this Mina will do you no harm at all at the castle (...). ”Even a subsequent lengthy negotiation does not dissuade the Bavarian negotiator from his opinion; Apparently the castle crew made the decision to persevere and resist even before sending their volunteer , although they know very well about the situation in which they find themselves.
The French hostages, who in the meantime were on the castle bridge, "in order to have a closer look at Alldorten the Steinwerckh and the ditch" are recalled and Pürck's negotiators are allowed back into the castle. With "Jauchzen und Schreyen" the Bavarian soldiers refer to their posts "in total" "(...): now you want to defend yourself until the last drop of blood."

To underline their decision, the Bavarians immediately throw two large "feurpommen" and "FeürBallen" down into the city. One of them still bursts in the air, but the other hits "Hß. Wendel Müller's house standing behind the Cronen ”, breaks through two floors, falls into a bed and suffocates there. Smoldering boards are thrown out of the windows by citizens running up and extinguished in the alley, nevertheless damage of 100 guilders is made to "leinwath, bethern and other movables found in a camper".

More explosive devices are thrown from the castle down into the Tübingen Brühl , there "they were of the same design and had enough to humiliate the thrown grenades". A stone mortar ball is also fired at the town hall again, but it does not do much. It remains quiet through the night; the French are preparing for the storm.

Thursday, 4th / 14th March 1647

The scaling ladders are brought to the Neckarhalde early in the morning. 6 o'clock Hoquincourt and his officers visit the intended site of action, then a strong French refers assault company their positions in the Castle-Weingarten. The mercenaries are armed with “ Bickelhauben ”, “Eyßerne Gable”, “RinnSpießlen”, “ Parthisans ”, “Short Rifles ” and muskets.

Hoquincourt rides to the linden trees at the "shooting range", from where he wants to watch the blast and storm. As a sign to ignite the mine, he lets two cannons fire, then you can see the smoke of the burning ignition powder. After the smoke has cleared a bit, there is neither fire nor “steam”, nor is it flying overheadsee happening ”, which amazes the audience. The French commander-in-chief gets “eylends” the report of his “Mina Meister”, who excuses the obvious misfire by saying that the ignition channel to the mine was not properly covered and was affected by stones being thrown from the castle. Hoquincourt jumps on his horse and chases "in full calopp" into town. Arrived in the Neckarhalde, he orders to ignore the ignition channels and to ignite the mine with fuses, which is done by a “miner” who runs across the unprotected vineyard to the mine at risk of death. While the fuse then gradually burns down, the French commander goes back to his previous place on the other side of the Neckar, where he “longingly” awaits the detonation. At around 8:30 am the mine exploded.

The brickwork bursts in smoke and fire, debris tumble down the vineyard. It is the rear of the two towers positioned in front of each other, “as in the foundation 25 Schuchthickh, and for their sake not lifted from the earth over 1½ elen high ”, which in the Neckarhalde - especially on the house of Dr. Lansius - falls while the lower slate tower is badly damaged. A great breach emerges across the rubble; here and at the former mint "(where a moor bit on the castle)" the French storm on the Hohentübingen begins.

During the explosion of the mine, an episode occurred which both the relation and the report of the war commissioner believe was a "half miracle" or at least a memorable one: a Bavarian soldier from the regiment of Feldzeugmeister Rupert is holding on to " mitt his woman ”(according to the relationship , it is the wife of a“ camerad ”) in the tower, where they sit comfortably at breakfast. Both are thrown into the air during the detonation and buried, the mercenary not far from the tower itself, the woman "even near the Müntz". Against all odds, they do not suffer any fatal, even serious, injuries. After the man has worked his way out from under the rubble and "wants to slip into the castle", his cronies, who think he is an enemy, throw a hand grenade "cruelly for the head" - but it does not explode. He can identify himself and is quickly pulled up into the castle on ropes. The French, on the other hand, initially take women prisoner, “because they do not want to retire as soon as their senses have fallen ”, but release them again shortly afterwards (“single”). She can return to the Hohentübingen, where the two lucky ones "only complain that your limbs are only bruised out of scared and terrified."

Meanwhile the storm continues; The French mercenaries run towards the breach from two sides and climb over the heap of rubble, although they suffer losses from stone throwing. With rifles and hand grenades, they try to force a breakthrough. They also discover three former tower entrances uncovered by the mine, which the castle crew had closed, barricaded and “(as the one on the right hand) gutted with overgrown yellow trees” the day before. At the same time, the French battery fired "irresistibly" at the castle to drive the Bavarians out of their defensive positions. The crew resisted "with no small bravery" and even managed to barely close the breach, whereupon it was soon taken under fire by the French gunmen. The immediately adjacent castle chapel also received heavy hits; bad for Pürck's men, because a large part of their provisions of flour and oats are stored there. After the French assault company had to retreat and the cannon fire “because of the dückhe of the Moors and the other round Thurn” “(because you thought to make a press) vaults filled with stones” had no effect, the attack ended around eleven o'clock for both of them Lossy pages. The chapel is badly damaged and the war commissioner reports that it almost fell into the vineyard as well, which, according to Schweigkel, “works for the opposite (= enemy; editor's note) : and has to set another storm We have never been, as at the beginning in the first report (.that officir and soldiers are kept.) ... have been able to meet. "

The guns are finally silent. French cavalry, which had been in readiness for two hours in the Derendinger fields, are returning to their occupied “village sheep”.
Around half past eleven you start to "parley". Hoquincourt demands immediate surrender, but the crew cannot make up their minds. First of all, a two-day armistice was agreed to rescue the dead and wounded, "both parts rested."

At least the French do not rest long: they immediately start building another mine. That should not remain hidden in the castle and that evening Captain Pürck and the war commissioner see themselves compelled to leave the posts to raise the morale of their frightened men and to encourage them: “We have no doubt that everyone will be like one always absent, show his valors (worth) further, and remain faithful to his most gracious Veldtlord, to whom he has sworn, which the captain and other officieri will also do ”.

If the mercenaries at the castle had noticed what was going on in the French camp soon afterwards, they might even have believed the beautiful speeches of their leaders. A messenger from Turenne arrived at Hoquincourt that night with an order from the Field Marshal to break off the siege immediately - not yet ended - and to oppose the enemy, who was sighted with 300 men at Schorndorf . Hoquincourt is resolutely unauthorized. He "parried" the instruction of his superior "without a doubt" with the feedback of a letter "from Mr. Crotio, Commendanten zu Schorndorff ", which had arrived a few hours before the Turenne embassy, ​​and on the basis of which" one would not have felt that Bayr. Desires to step a little closer to the desk ”. The siege will therefore not be lifted.

Friday 5th / 15th March 1647

Early that day, a delegation of Bavarian NCOs appear before their commanders. Her speech was that they knew how to remember their duty and that they were quite willing to continue to do their part ... but one had to see what condition the castle chapel was in, just a few hits and it would collapse ... then it would be stormed again ... what they should only do, they stand there with their bare hands and could not repel another storm ... and if the enemy came in by force, then there would certainly be no protection ("quartier") for the teams ... then they would everyone dies ... it is therefore everyone's opinion that one should offer surrender to presentable ("reputable") conditions - if the enemy does not want to accept such conditions, however, they offer to fight to the last drop of blood.

Pürck and his officers are impressed by the lecture. They ponder and deliberate, and find that their situation seems rather hopeless to them. Despondent, exhausted and poorly armed, the common soldiers fear the next assault above all - their leaders have more to think about. According to Schweigkel, they are also convinced that outside help is no longer to be expected, because they received no response to their letter of February 22nd (12th) and it was impossible to send any further messages. The enemy is also working obsessively on their new mine.
The Bavarian side decided to postpone the decision until an offer from the French for the transfer of the Hohentübingen was obtained.
A drummer is sent to Hoquincourt and immediately returns with his request to first put your own conditions in writing, submit them and wait for an answer.
In the following, Schweigkel explains the points which, if fulfilled, the crew is ready to hand over the lock:

  • the entire garrison of Hohentübingen and its followers receive free withdrawal, including those mercenaries who previously served with the enemy
  • Guns, weapons, ammunition and provisions may be taken along, as well as the associated teams of the train and two army drums kept by Pürck
  • Handover and withdrawal take place with full military honors

The well-known Colonel Klug negotiates for the French side. Hoquincourt sent "uff parole " to the Hohentübingen and spoke to Pürck in front of the outer castle gate. At the direction of his superior, Klug refused to take the guns with him on the grounds that the Hohentübingen was not a fortress (“realvöstung”), but just a princely pleasure house. At Gravelingen and Dunkirk , too , only two guns would have been allowed, although these places would be fortified in a completely different way “all high Tübingen”. In addition, it is a general custom that captured or deserted soldiers return to the pay of their old employer when they are handed over, even under duress. The Lieutenant General wanted to approve the other points, but as soon as Pürckh had signed the accord in his hands, he would immediately have to withdraw his external posts.

This will happen on the same evening when the handover comes into force. The deduction will be the Bayern on the 7./17. March set.

Saturday, 6./16. March 1647

The French Wöhrd battery is lifted from 9 a.m. The “coarse artillery” is hoisted from the carriage onto the block wagons with jacks and hoists, where it remains for that day and the following night, guarded by 12 musketeers.

Provisions and ammunition of the castle crew are "handed over" to the French. The request of the Bavarians to escort them from Tübingen to the winter quarters of the Bavarian army ("convoyrn"), Hoquincourt rejects. As a justification, he sends a message that the way to the diocese of Salzburg and the Upper Palatinate is too far. Meanwhile amazed Colonel Klug, given the huge amounts of cannonballs, which he in the armory shop in and can immediately 200 of Hohentübingen "gedaugt ailffpfündige and half Carthaunenkuglen, even what Ihme Otherwise, weckhnemmen", including 14 tons of powder.

Sunday, 7./17. March 1647

The withdrawal of the Bavarian soldiers is delayed by the search for former French or Swedish army members among them. Some of the men ran away the night before, others are now being held by the French, with poignant scenes.
While the drums are being stirred, the rest of the castle crew sets off between 9 and 10 a.m. and initially only comes to the Lustnauer Tor. There the Bavarians first have to pass a line of four French musketeer regiments, with Colonel Klug sorting out all the prisoners he was carrying. Probably in response to Pürck's protest, Klug pulled some murderously prepared musket balls out of the sack, held them out to the captain and noticed that the Bavarians had shot his people with bullets like these. Isn't it well known what such “procedures” usually deserve? Pürck swears quickly (and his men testify to it) that he knew nothing about these bullets and that he never instructed his soldiers to make them. In response to probing inquiries from the French, a culprit is finally found: It is precisely the lieutenant who, accompanied by Colonel Klug, had visited the mine in the castle vineyard. He is said to have instructed the Bavarian shooter to pour glass splinters into their lead bullets and “ write all sorts of Cabalistic words on them”, also to shoot wire and hollowed-out bullets. The accused is brought back to the city and arrested in Colonel Klug's quarters, while Pürck is finally sent on with the rest of his men, who have meanwhile become quite pathetic.

Accompanied (“convoijeret”) by a number of French riders, however, they only come “bit under the brick house”, where Lieutenant General Hoquincourt personally awaits his former opponents. The following argument lasts almost an hour. With the help of Colonel Klug, who is probably acting as an interpreter, the French commander first orders Captain Pürck and his war commissioner Schweigkel, “You have two armies, they belonged to you, they were one of ours from around 2 years at Reitlingen's been removed, which you wanted to have against. "The Bavarians contradict," said heerpauckhen belong to Mr. Sergeant-General Kolben zue should be put in custody by Captain Pürckh: You always granted permission to take those with us. ”Hoquincourt, however, does not accept any objection, the symbolic instruments are simply“ woken up ”from the vanquished.
Then it goes on: Colonel Klug claims from the municipal authorities of the city of Tübingen that the Bavarian war commissioner was carrying the sum of 10,000 guilders with him in his war chest, "cassagelter, so in the hertzogthumb Würtemberg were collected". Since this money is not mentioned in the written delivery conditions, it should be returned immediately, otherwise the Bavarians' entire luggage (“bagage”) would be searched (“visited”) and every item confiscated that was not expressly recorded. Colonel Klug warns the war commissioner of "great harm and misfortune" if he should refuse to hand it over voluntarily. Schweigkel, on the other hand, argues that they did not receive any contributions from the duchy, at most 75 guilders a month from the Bebenhausen monastery over the past summer. In addition, a year ago in Rottweil he would have received “for all kinds of tasks” 1000 thalers, but most of that had already been spent. About 450 (thalers?) Or (converted?) 60 guilders were left in the war chest, he didn't know anything else and put his life in pledge for it. Colonel Klug is not convinced. Schweigkel had to stand in front of Hoquincourt and was "seriously warned" by him to hand out the 10,000 guilders. The war commissioner sticks to his statement. So Captain Pürck is asked about the said funds and replies: "He never took care of the cassa gelter, so he could not say anything about them either." The French are still not satisfied, but rather take another officer to the mangle , a lieutenant who had been part of the permanent Tübingen garrison for a long time. This also protects against ignorance. Finally, Pürck and Schweigkel are asked to swear their testimony. Both take the oath in Hoquincourt's hand, whereupon the French commander is generous. Although, said Hoquincourt in front of the assembled former garrison, the war chest was his according to prevailing law, he wanted to have the money distributed among his opponents in order to appreciate their bravery. Whether intended or not, the lieutenant general's request later led to various quarrels in the Bavarian camp, since the soldiers present at the time insist on a distribution of the money (on the grounds that it would have been lost anyway), and some of their officers in This request will be supported, while Schweigkel insists that from the sum (which may not be touched without orders from his superior General Commissioner and not touched) initially a number of liabilities towards the "Auditörn" (12 thalers) tried during the negotiations, the French escort by one Lieutenant of the "Oehmischen" regiment (24 thalers) and the Bavarian soldiers injured during the siege (36 thalers).

In a closing word, Hoquincourt then turns to Pürck again: "Mr. Commandant has done, like a prav soldier, what is promised to you in the accord , that should be kept and you will be safely escorted to Heilbronn."

In the evening after the Bavarians have withdrawn, Hohentübingen is equipped with two French half cartoons.

Monday, 8./18. March 1647

The main French force set out for Reutlingen around 8 a.m. Dragoon captain Bauck (?) Receives orders for the castle until further notice, 40 men are under his command.

More happenings

  • “And as the saying goes,” the Bavarian lieutenant who instructed his servants in the manufacture of wire, splinter and hollow balls was beaten in iron and later hanged in the Urach Valley.
  • Schweigkel's anger with dear money is not over yet. The city of Tübingen makes difficulties with the payment of promised meals. Probably, according to the war commissioner in his report, the city council would have hoped that the fortress of Hohentübingen would be handed over without a fight and intact. Now, however, the maintenance of the permanent garrison would be outstanding for six weeks, the reinforcements from Weil der Stadt and Heilbronn would still receive money for four weeks, he himself would even have two and a half months open. Therefore, his request goes to the superior to send a "flexible" message to the Duke in Stuttgart or (in the event that he too would not settle the outstanding claims) the mercenaries, "because you have a bad time here", himself to pay.
  • The French remained in Tübingen as occupying troops until 1649. Turenne himself took his headquarters at the castle for a while. The striking pentagonal tower was erected a little below the blown tower in 1667–1672.

Losses and gains

  • 30 men fell on the Bavarian side, plus an unknown number of wounded. 88 soldiers had to transfer to the service of the winner as former members of Swedish or French troops.
  • 58 men fell on the French side, plus 80 wounded.

The French recorded (in addition to the fortress itself) "14 guns on the mounts , both large and small, two bronze mortars with several bombs and fireballs, a full armory and a lot of other ammunition."

Afterwords

Extra sheet of the franz. Newspaper:

“The gain of this conquest consists not only in the fact that one has secured this fortress, which is rightly considered the strongest in the Duchy of Wirtemberg, but even more in the good reputation of the king's weapons, which are against everyone's expectation and above all those who defended the square so valiantly, conquered it in such a short time. And in fact, this success contributed not a little to the happy outcome and will have no small influence on the progress of the peace negotiations with Bavaria, which are at the same time in the works, together with the horror that is present and behavior in all of Germany by Marshal of Turenne. "

Schweigkel on March 22, 1647 in Heilbronn:

"And that I do not come to terms with this report, please obediently umb pardon, but I think I have to do a detailed relation right away, which I have not been able to make under way of the withdrawal from Tibingen against here, but have to take the time to do so here."

"The great God steer the cruel choking Schwerdt, and Lendere the blooming thirsty thoughts of the people, rejoice also once with the desired noble peace, amen!"

literature

  • Hansmartin Decker-Hauff , Franz Quarthal , Wilfried Setzler (eds.): The Count Palatine of Tübingen. Urban politics, Pfalzgrafenamt, aristocratic rule in Breisgau. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1981, ISBN 3-7995-7015-2 .
  • Max Eifert , Karl Klüpfel: History and description of the city of Tübingen. Fues, Tübingen 1849 (new print. Scientia-Verlag, Aalen 1977, ISBN 3-511-02471-4 ).
  • Karl Geiger: The siege of Hohentübingen 1647. In: Reutlinger Geschichtsblätter. Vol. 8, 1897, ISSN  0486-5901 , pp. 49-53.
  • Hugo Gmelin: The campaign of Count Franz Egon von Fürstenberg against Württemberg in 1631, the so-called cherry war. In: Württemberg quarterly for regional history. NF 7, 1898, ISSN  0179-0889 , pp. 104-123.
  • Wilhelm Göz: The siege of the castle in 1647. The Bavarian war commissioner Gottfried Schweigkel's report on the siege and surrender of Hohentübingen (1647). In: Tübinger Blätter. Vol. 22, 1931, ISSN  0930-3642 , pp. 37-43, uni-tuebingen.de .
  • Wilhelm Göz: The siege of Hohentübingen in 1647. In: Württemberg quarterly books for regional history. NF 37, 1931, pp. 58-111.
  • Erwin Haas: The seven Württemberg state fortresses. Hohenasperg, Hohenneuffen, Hohentübingen, Hohenurach, Hohentwiel, Kirchheim / Teck, Schorndorf, Reutlingen. Harwalik, Reutlingen 1996, ISBN 3-921638-59-3
  • Hans Erik Hausner (Ed.): The Thirty Years War. 1629, 1634, 1639, 1644, 1649 (= time image ). Ueberreuter, Vienna a. a. 1977, ISBN 3-8000-3202-3 .
  • Hans-Christian Huf (Ed.): With God's blessing into hell. The Thirty-Year War. Econ, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-430-14873-1 .
  • Friedrich August Koehler: "Everything united in the small". A description of Tübingen from 1791. Edited and explained by Eckart Frahm and Wilfried Setzler. Verlag Schwäbisches Tagblatt, Tübingen 2000, ISBN 3-928011-42-1 .
  • PJ Meier: The beginnings of the city of Tübingen. In: Tübinger Blätter. NF Vol. 2 = Vol. 16, 1915/1921, pp. 49-55, uni-tuebingen.de .
  • Herbert Rosendorfer : German history. One try. Volume 4: The Thirty Years War. (From the Reformation to the Peace of Westphalia). Nymphenburger, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-485-01002-2 .
  • Wilfried Setzler: Tübingen. Discover new things on old ways. A city guide. Verlag Schwäbisches Tagblatt, Tübingen 1997, ISBN 3-928011-27-8 .
  • Theodor Schön: History of Hohen-Tübingen. First part: From the earliest times to the reconstruction of the castle under Duke Ulrich. In: Tübinger Blätter. Vol. 7, No. 2/3, 1904, pp. 30-35, uni-tuebingen.de .
  • Theodor Schön: History of Hohen-Tübingen. Second part: From the reconstruction of the castle by Duke Ulrich to the handover to the imperial family (1534–1634). In: Tübinger Blätter. Vol. 8, No. 4, 1905, pp. 59-71, digitized .
  • Jürgen Sydow (Ed.): Pictures on the history of the city of Tübingen (= history of the city of Tübingen. Vol. 2). Laupp, Tübingen 1980, ISBN 3-16-442712-3 .
  • Jürgen Sydow: From the history of Hohentübingen Castle. Special supplement from Volksbank Tübingen on the occasion of the 900th anniversary of the university town of Tübingen. Volksbank Tübingen, Tübingen 1978.
  • CV Wedgwood : The 30 Years War. 7th edition. List-Verl., Munich a. a. 1994, ISBN 3-471-79210-4 .

References and comments

  1. ↑ The Marshal "of the King in Germany" came from his headquarters in Saulgau ("Saulgen"); the french The newspaper writes: “(...), Marshal von Turenne, was on 9./19. Starting February (...), crossed the Danube at Reithlingen ( Riedlingen ), then the Alp (les Alpes) (...) "
  2. ↑ The French The newspaper writes of "(...) 1200 horses and (...) 200 musketeers of the Turenne regiment coming from Philipsburg (...)"
  3. ↑ The hereinafter referred to as "French" or "Bavaria" called mercenaries were soldiers unterschiedlichster origin, which in this case either the King of France or the Elector of Bavaria served
  4. ^ Probably located on the Neckar Bridge (1482 / 85–1489)
  5. ↑ "(...) but this his lack of understanding has been denied him by a minor one (...)" (Relation)
  6. ↑ Double- caliber hook rifle
  7. ↑ The French The newspaper writes that the location of Hohentübingen “(...) is very favorable. (This fortress) is located on a mountain that slopes steeply on all sides, except to the south, where it has a large, wide ditch, which is covered by a very good crescent and a slope provided with piles . Moreover flank four massive towers, the rectangular main building of the castle, and four other smaller towers (in reality only one, with two bastions ) at the foot of the larger, which coat the slope of the mountain, the place represented the Under Walls (?) (Faussesbrayes) . The gate is covered by a kind of crescent moon ( ravelin ) and above it a well-disguised and raised bastion dominates the whole area and protects the castle on the side of the city that lies at its feet; (...) "
  8. ↑ Possibly due to the poor supply situation in the city
  9. ↑ The French The newspaper writes: "Because this siege was entrusted to him by Marshal von Turenne, who was compelled the whole time to remain with the rest of the army near Ulm in order to keep the enemy in check."
  10. ↑ The residents of the surrounding villages were refugees in the city
  11. ↑ In relation to this, this French colonel is referred to by the name "Flueg"; it will be a typographical or translation error, because Göz writes in a comment on Schweigkel's report: “Thomas Klug, colonel of a Weimar regiment who also commanded the artillery. He was the driving force during the whole siege. ”(P. 39, note 6)
  12. ↑ In the second half of the war, the number of troops on horseback increased significantly, on the one hand because the cavalry could perform faster maneuvers, on the other hand because mounted men were able to cover larger areas in search of supplies (= "furage" )
  13. ↑ The French The newspaper writes of "(...) the regiments of the Krone, de Nettancourt, Schmidberg, Bowinghausen and Rankampf (?) (...)" and Turenne
  14. ↑ Schweigkel speaks of four half cartoons (= position guns for 24-pound bullets), the "relation" on the other hand of two half and two quarter cartoons (= field guns for 12-pound bullets)
  15. ↑ Wall made of a wooden fence equipped with bundles of brushwood, with a trench and earthwork on the front and a raised parapet on the back
  16. ↑ Oversized basket without a bottom, which is filled with earth (see also "Gersbach Youth Home" )
  17. ↑ Today's Old Botanical Garden
  18. ↑ If a fortified place fell in the storm in the age of the mercenary armies, the victorious troops were often given a (temporary) right to plunder; The brutality and destructiveness of the conquerors repeatedly assumed terrifying proportions. B. at the "Sacco di Roma"  (1527) or the " Magdeburg Wedding " (1631)
  19. ↑ "(...), because of which he wanted to remove the Thor key, (...), leave, (...)." (Relation)
  20. ↑ Located on the outer castle portal (1604 / 06–1607)
  21. ↑ The French The newspaper writes "(...) what prevents the garrison (...) from insisting on the defense of the city (...)" is that "(...) it cannot be maintained for long as long as others hold the castle."
  22. ↑ Probably a grain mill ("Mahlmühlen") located on the Ammer Canal
  23. ↑ The French The newspaper writes: "The siege began with trenches and a battery of 6 large guns."
  24. ↑ "(What a Jesuit , who fell to death in a drunkenness at Augspurg afterwards, should have stated :)" (Relation)
  25. ↑ The progress of the artillery in the latter half of the war was often hampered by the lack of trained gunsmiths; Most of the gun crews were commanded infantrymen ( Project Gutenberg DE )
  26. ↑ The records differ at this point, insofar as the Bavarian war commissioner knows about an enemy mine that is being driven towards the castle from “Obbemelter Mühlin” and against which two failures are undertaken one after the other, which ultimately leads to the Facility is abandoned by the French
  27. ↑ The "Bechfäßlen" and "Bechring" mentioned in the relation can probably be thought of as pitch-soaked incendiary devices
  28. ↑ The contemporary images of the Hohentübingen show a triangular rampart lined with palisades in the west, which, as a forecourt, covered the entire width of the castle against the Schlossberg; during the siege of 1647, this part of the fortress seems to have been mostly unoccupied between the fronts
  29. ↑ The French The newspaper reports that "(...) some sergeants (were killed) at the opening [?] Of the trench (...)"
  30. ↑ The French The newspaper writes: "(..) the 24-foot-thick walls withstood the bullets so much that they did nothing."
  31. ↑ The besiegers probably dig their way between the terraces of the castle vineyard
  32. ↑ Schweigkel mentions the exact location “without Dr. Lansen hauß ”(Thomas Lansius [* 1577; † 1657], Professor of Law); today Neckarhalde 15
  33. ↑ The French The newspaper writes: "That (i.e. the unsuccessful cannonade; editor's note) gave Mr. d'Hoquincour [sic] cause to take refuge in mines." And: "So miners were allowed to work as soon as one perceived that all other efforts were useless. "
  34. ↑ "(...), but some such evildoers have set fire to some in the grave and those who come best off into the barber's house ." (Relation)
  35. ↑ Princely Württemberg. Mint (after 1472) at the old Hirschauer Tor; Royal Württemberg. District Court (1818–1906); today Neckarhalde 30
  36. ↑ Whether the Bavarians planned to set fire to the house first and then to set fire to the mine tunnel entrance (probably paneled with wood ) remains questionable
  37. ↑ This paved the way on is probably Wurmlinger chapel and today's Spitzberg meant
  38. ↑ Apparently a good candidate for a high spiritual position
  39. ↑ (Aristocratic) officers were often captured by their own kind in the 17th century, only to be released again for a ransom ("ranzion") in the amount of roughly one monthly salary
  40. ↑ Presumably this is a Mr. de Pontaine, who, according to the French Newspaper "(...) came back from France only a few days ago, (he) was killed in the trench near Mr. d'Hoquincour (...)"
  41. ↑ Schweigkel writes: "(...) to say nothing of the stones, with which on the contrary do the greatest damage, since we have no further use of the stuckh anywhere."
  42. ↑ "Probably Dr. Müller's apartment "(Eifert [1849], p. 325, note 1)
  43. ↑ "dz (...) everyone believed (...) that it will now be halfway through in two hours" (Relation)
  44. ↑ This refers to either the Evangelical Abbey ( Memento of November 26, 2004 in the Internet Archive ), founded in 1536 by Duke Ulrich (* 1487; † 1550), or the (Collegium illustrious), also known as the "Knight Academy" or Konvikt (1588–1592 )
  45. ↑ "(...), you let loose the wood as well as had to carry away your detonator, which was shot down through the right thigh from above." (Relation)
  46. ↑ If the trench was really driven up the steep castle wood to the edge of the castle, the French would probably have provided this passage with a protective roof (made of planks and earth, for example), as they did later with their "Schänzlin" in the Neckarhalde - which in turn would explain why the Bavarian chronicler thought the whole complex was a second mine
  47. ↑ The French The newspaper reports that "(...) two bronze mortars with several bombs and fireballs (...)" were captured when the castle was handed over
  48. ↑ The relation reports on “traat or hollow balls”, ie wire balls and (intentionally) notched projectiles ; It should be noted here that the very primitive production method of lead balls at the time - with ball tongs on an open fire - was a possible cause for the often very irregularly shaped and sharp-edged projectiles (according to HUF, H. [2004]: “With God's blessing in hell. ", P. 131)
  49. ↑ "(...), and when he cannot be sure of verbal relations, write it down, including ettl. Chunks of tobacco made into a snowball and thrown into it (...). "(Relation)
  50. ↑ This means either the Tübinger Fruchtschranne, the Kornhaus (1453) or the bread stand on the market square
  51. ↑ Annealed iron balls shot from mortars broke through masonry and set buildings on fire
  52. ↑ The term "Wase" in southern German generally stands for a (moist) grassland or pasture area.
  53. ↑ In the case of the “waters” mentioned here, we should think of sods or lumps of mud, possibly also bundles of brushwood made of willow branches or the like.
  54. ↑ Schweigkel reports about the time after the fire on Wednesday, February 17th, that “(...) the minirn (hat) nothing more. . be refused, (...) "
  55. ↑ The author of the "Relation" amazes again and again with such details
  56. ↑ In southern Germany, "Wöhrd" or "Wörd" refers to terrain located in or on rivers, such as banks or islands (= floodplains )
  57. ↑ FA Köhler describes in his Tübingen view of 1791 the remains of an old ski jump at today's Wildermuthgymnasium ; this complex - Koehler calls it " Fortresse " - consisted of a small citadel (the average length of a " Courtine " was only 20 paces) with five corner bastions, towards the city and Mühlbach through two upstream sections ("Raveline" and " Tenaille ") protected; Köhler estimates for the construction of the fortification, which may have served the French in 1647 to protect their attacks from the Neckar side, "at least 40 people who continued to work for several days."
  58. ↑ "(...) there was not a single protection on such an Orth, who would probably close the lock with double heels." (Relation)
  59. ↑ According to the French The newspaper acted as Hoquincourt "(...) to (...) the request that the Prince of Wirtemberg had sent to him, if possible, to preserve this castle, the strongest and most beautiful of the Duchy (...)."
  60. ↑ Schweigkel, however, reports of a captain, a sergeant and a drummer who are sent to the fortress as French scourges
  61. ↑ Schweigkel writes: "But before erstgedachter Lieutenant zue sightseeing such mine gewest seconded we Unn previously honestly andt bestendig resolviert had (...) it seie one or more mininen manufactured (...). Just as the lieutenant came back up to the castle (...), on whose request, we declared to us to expect on our part what she thought to be tentative against us (...). "
  62. ↑ incendiary bombs or HE shells; "The Stückher, who are present from such grenades (which one cannot quite get), weigh 80. Pf." (Relation)
  63. ↑ There is a pictorial representation of this episode of the siege, which is in the edition of a publication belonging to the university library by Balth. Raith, Tubinga sedes sat congrua Musis 1677, pasted on the title page opposite (LXV.4). "(Geiger 1899)
  64. ↑ "The crown, which was facing the market with the front, should have stood in the place of today's Euler house." (Göz 1931, p. 39, note 7); Schweigkel writes: "(...) near the Wertz Kienlin hauß, where my gracious commanding gentleman with zue Tübingen gewesten refraichier quartier had the logiament (...)." And means the stay of his superior (the Bavarian war council and general commissioner Johann Bartholomäus Schäffer) in Tübingen from February to June 1643, while the entire Bavarian army had its headquarters there
  65. ↑ Eifert (1849, p. 37) writes: “The oldest part of the so-called lower town, located in the Ammerniederung , was located at the foot of the slope of the northern Schlossberg, 'under the Hague ' (after the foreworks of the castle located there) and spread out on both sides of the Ammer down towards the 'Brühl' (= wet, wooded ground), hence the names of individual streets (e.g. Froschgasse). "
  66. ↑ Schweigkel speaks of several stones that were shot at the city with a mortar, "(...) whereupon a big alarm was raised, the citizens and residents were in great fear and suffered together with all the bells."
  67. ↑ This probably means swaths of rubble and flying debris
  68. ↑ "(...) then as soon as you see a smoke and the fire going to the Mina , nobody else thinks that half the castle pages will have to fly into the sky at such a moment." (Relation)
  69. ↑ "(...) that Ihme the gutter is not attached to each other in such a way. Orthen open, and only covered with bricks, had been laid down through the BurgWeingart, of which stones were thrown away in the castle, therefore the powder was also wasted, and the barrel fire did not come together. "(Relation)
  70. ↑ "Suddenly, however, one sees smoke and fire, immediately afterwards the splendid Thurns Güpffel and Fachwerckh, built with great summa Gellts, bowing outwards, afterwards the whole corpus , as it were as if this innocent Injuri could not find out its costliness , is divided by a strong heart börsten, and fall down from each other in the castle vineyard. "(Relation)
  71. ↑ This probably means " foot "
  72. ↑ The French The newspaper writes about it, "(...) that the big tower was completely thrown down and the smaller one at its feet was destroyed and buried by its fall."
  73. ^ Johann von Reuschenberg (Bavarian, then imperial general; died after 1651) (Göz 1931, p. 40, note 9)
  74. ↑ Schweigkel writes: "(...) somewhere else always one watch: this however, maybe too strange luck, a few time before (...) was asked, and only the above man was left on watch."
  75. ↑ "(...) And regardless of their etl. from the Maur with big stones Beede shoulders thrown in two, and the heads were crushed, but like Mauren confessed (...) "(Relation)
  76. ↑ Schweigkel reports at this point of six half cartoons
  77. ↑ Chapel of St. Johannes ; First mentioned in 1180; Elevated to parish church in 1481; 1495 endowed with its own parish (= benefice , baptismal font and burial right); Repealed in 1516
  78. ↑ This can only mean the second round tower on the southwest side of the castle, the so-called "Haspelturm"
  79. ↑ Schweigkel “reports” in a “supplement” on nine dead and three wounded in Bavaria (Göz 1931, p. 40, note 9); the relation reports 48 dead and wounded French; the french The newspaper reports by name as fallen "(...) the volunteer Mr. du Sautor (...)", as wounded "(...) by a stone throw Mr. de Beaufort-de-Camps (...)" and further: "Major General Mr. du Tot wanted among those who opened the storm, as well as the voluntary noblemen Henard and Marome, the latter being wounded in the leg by a musket shot. "
  80. ↑ Schweigkel writes that as a result of the cannonade at the chapel "(...) has already settled in two places on the candle arch (...)"
  81. ↑ The Bavarians initially covet a three-day armistice in order, as Schweigkel writes, "(...) to send to our Generalitet in Ulm, to recover cautiously for the sake of a resolution ." However, they are refused by Hoquincourt, who tells Pürck: "The MP will come in such a 2 day or not, he will bring whatever resolution it may be, that regardless of the fact that the lock will be given a completely different way of the opposite in the past 2 days"
  82. ↑ Schweigkel keeps in his report two states: "(...) that we have seen that the Ohrenfeindt after only blasted mine therefore equal and starckh in verfertigung a realized (...)"
  83. ↑ In the 17th century the war was carried on like a business; if you were aristocratic and had some money to invest , you could buy an officer's license from a warring party , recruit your own troops and then offer your letters of protection in assigned areas, collect contributions or even confiscate and plunder; Such conditions also give rise to the supposed insubordination of many officers who did not consider themselves to be mere recipients of orders, but rather saw themselves as branch managers of a warlike enterprise
  84. ↑ Probably a reference to the common flogging at the school desk at the time.
  85. ↑ According to Schweigkel, the apparent shortage of weapons and ammunition among the castle crew moved the Bavarian NCOs to the question: "(...) what you wanted to do, you could only refuse and refuse such a thing."
  86. ↑ Schweigkel holds as reasons: "(...) nemblich 1) vorgeschribener the soldiers of given resolution , 2) that we Unn kheines succor bore zue A table, 3) we auff our of 22 Febr. Khein write gethone resolution receive:. and furthermore khein have written to bring köhnden away, and 4.) that we saw that the enemy immediately after the mine had been blown up and was in the process of producing another (...) "
  87. ↑ At this point you hear about such a letter for the first time (probably a request for support to the headquarters of the Bavarian Army in ??)
  88. ↑ The French The newspaper writes: “But when the besieged realized the determination of our people and saw that they were too far from help to be able to wait for them before they were defeated, because then all hope was lost for them, they began to negotiate think and gave the sign. "
  89. ↑ Schweigkel states: "Our puncten what we accordirn imagines were dise that guarnison which Auss hailbronn andt hamlet instead retracted team Artillori: and proviant served (.mich as well as the arrestirten: gewesten Commissarium included Webern just Fahls darmit.) with women, sackcloth and packh, upper and lower rifle (with "rifle" is meant any kind of weapon, the "upper rifle" was carried on the shoulder [= spear, musket] and the "lower rifle" was carried on the belt [= pistol, sword ]; Note of the editor) , double-burning lunten, balls in the mouth and all deme, which belongs to the besieged part without excluding the crew, if previously served on the contrary, or come over voluntarily, without being stopped: Item 2 metalline falconet with belonging to it Kuglen, a thonnen powder and a 3 centner lunten, needed preamble, also that of the sergeant general piston (after Göz [1931, p. 41, note 12]) the Landsassen and Bavarian rider leader Andreas Kolb von Raindorf; Note from the editor) Associated: Mr. Hauptmann Pürckhen in custody 2 heerpauckhen, free and allow unhindered passirn. "
  90. ↑ "(...) All the more that such an evening a complete accord was decided and subscribed to, in whose performance Mr. Colonel Flueg [sic] tried the most powerful part. "(Relation)
  91. ↑ Now, however, the Hohentübingen Castle was one of the "state fortresses" of the Württemberg dukes and kings (in addition to the Hohentwiel, Hohenasperg , Hohenneuffen , Hohenurach , Schorndorf and Teck Castle )
  92. ↑ Both fortresses were conquered by the French in 1644 and 1646 (Göz 1931, p. 41, note 13)
  93. ↑ in the "Relation" stands: "(...), but the ones that were left over (not a few of which were in the castle, and most of them should have passed through this last night) have been kept in the castle."
  94. ↑ The information contradicts each other here, Schweigel writes in the “supplement” to his report on 56 men (Göz, 1931, p. 41, note 15); in the French According to the newspaper, "Based on the agreement, 88 soldiers who had previously served in the French and Swedish armies returned to their old service."
  95. ↑ Schweigkel reports: “There was also someone from the Löbl. Ruischenberg Regiment (see note ??; note of the editor) had to stay back, which has been steadily under it for over 20 years. He was reluctant to get hold of it, and we wept bitterly about it. "
  96. ↑ Here, too, the information contradicts each other, the "Relation" mentions 72 men "(...) all counted together (...)", a stately carriage (probably for the officers and / or their appendices) and five "common" supply wagons; the french The newspaper describes the withdrawal of: "(...) 130 soldiers, a lieutenant, an ensign and a commissioner for the Duke of Bavaria."
  97. ↑ "(...) All since the Mr. Officier that served you as before, and from Bayr. have been caught (which have been together in 44th) in turn taken out (...) "(Relation)
  98. ↑ "(...) What Mr. Obrister Flueg (sic) pulled a hand full of collectors and perks (...) out of his sack (...) "
  99. ↑ Schweigkel notes: “Otherwise it initially looked as if one wanted to keep our accord nit, as then Colonel Klueg, a false ball, who stood for characteres , at the end of the day often presented it to us. But we never had any news that our people were supposed to have fired with it, and this has not been confirmed by Herr Hauptmann's approval either. At the same time we know this that the opposite shot with Drattkuglen into the castle against us. "
  100. ↑ Schweigkel reports: "Inn our first zue accordirn passed puncten thought seindt Although dise heerpauckhen, but on the contrary has such never in the written accordt want to einkhommen, but always said that they would nit stop andt in such written accord to enforce such we seindt not been powerful, but found out in their description why they never wanted to consent to the written accord. "
  101. ↑ According to Schweigkel's report, it was around 400 guilders
  102. ↑ Auditorium in the Wiktionary
  103. ↑ "From the Ehm Regiment of the Weimar Army." (Göz 1931, p. 42, note 16)
  104. ↑ In the French Newspaper should be mentioned by name:
    • Mr. de Pontaine, adjutant (as fallen)
    • Mr. d'Orlodat, Cadet and Lieutenant in the Nettancourt Regiment (as fallen)
    • Mr de Sautor, volunteer (as fallen)
    • Mr d'Orignac, Adjutant (as wounded)
    • Mr de Baufosse-de-Camps, volunteer (as wounded)
    • Mr du Marome, volunteer (as wounded)