Adolf Scheef

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Emil Stumpp Adolf Scheef (1926)

Gottlob Adolf Scheef (born March 3, 1874 in Nürtingen , † January 8, 1944 in Tübingen ) was a German politician . From 1912 to 1932 he was a member of the Württemberg state parliament and from 1927 to 1939 Lord Mayor of Tübingen.

Life

After an administrative apprenticeship in Nürtingen, Adolf Scheef took the administrative service examination in 1896 and then went to Tübingen. He was a guest auditor for criminal sciences at the University of Tübingen and from 1896 to 1898 administrative board clerk and registrar. From 1898 to 1900 he was in the position of clerk of purchase and pledge and from 1900 to 1901 land registrar. From 1901 he worked as a district notary. From 1906 to 1911 Scheef was a member of the citizens' committee and in 1909 its chairman. Since 1911 he was a member of the Tübingen municipal council. Since 1908 he was also a member of the official assembly of the upper office in Tübingen . Within the Tübingen city administration he worked his way up to the highest level.

Member of the Württemberg Landtag and the Reichstag

Adolf Scheef joined the People's Party , which was absorbed into the Progressive People's Party in 1910 and was a member of the Second Chamber of the Württemberg estates from 1912 to 1918 . Theodor Heuss had actually hoped to be able to take over the Reichstag mandate in the constituency of Württemberg 6 ( Reutlingen , Tübingen , Rottenburg ) from Friedrich von Payer , which he had held since 1877 with the exception of two electoral terms, but Adolf Scheef was in the substitute election on January 21, 1918 his short-term successor.

Scheef was one of the founding members of the German Democratic Party (DDP) in Württemberg and from 1919 to 1920 a member of the state constituent assembly for the DDP. From 1920 to 1932 he was again a member of the state parliament in Stuttgart . Since 1924 he was chairman of the DDP parliamentary group there.

Lord Mayor of Tübingen

When he was elected Lord Mayor of the city of Tübingen with an overwhelming majority in 1927, he gave up his party offices and took a neutral position. While largely maintaining this neutrality, he was able to remain in office during the time of National Socialism .

Scheef declared when he was inaugurated in 1927 that he understood local self-government to be a non-political administration: “The guiding star of my administration will be the strictest objectivity in the service of our city. It is a matter of honor for me and I will do my best to ensure that there is full impartiality at all times ”. He made a similar statement at the first municipal council meeting after the Reichstag elections in 1933.

He owed his dominant position of power even after 1933 to the fact that he was able to steer the university town relatively safely through the economic crisis through an anti-cyclical financial policy that was consistently pursued against the opposition of the state supervisory authority and that did not exclude temporary borrowing : The city budget was almost always balanced, the unemployment figures were extremely low, and so there were no National Socialist-influenced disputes over the city's finances in Tübingen.

In contrast to the official party policy before 1933, the Tübingen NSDAP , which only entered the Tübingen City Council with four members in 1931, did not refuse Scheef its support for his undeniably successful policy and never attacked him personally except in the election campaign, so that in Tübingen the After the change of power, politics had to appear as a mere continuation or at best as a breakthrough of developments that had long since begun.

Although Scheef had never left any doubt before 1933 that he was rejecting the National Socialists and, as a member of the state parliament, had only been able to bring about approval of the cooperation with the DNVP in the Württemberg state government with serious reservations, he now seemed to be based on this " apolitical "office conception to have no problems in cooperation with the National Socialists. He collaborated with the NSDAP in such a way that the Scheef did not even provide a National Socialist as a supervisory authority until 1935.

Scheef only had a National Socialist counterpart - but no opponent - in the deputy district leader and parliamentary group chairman of the NSDAP, Ernst Weinmann , who became first alderman and thus mayor after the German municipal code was passed in 1935. Since then, Weinmann and Scheef have represented a political team with the peculiarity that Weinmann, born in 1907, was a whole generation younger than Scheef.

On the one hand, this led to more tension, but on the other hand it also led to more respect for the younger for the experienced and successful older. As in other cities, there was no controversy or even hostility between the party and the city administration in Tübingen, even if Weinman, especially later as Lord Mayor, tried to prevent the party from accessing communal resources too far and, in the event of a conflict, always advocated his communal Office and against the party decided.

Scheef and the city councilor Simon Hayum were initially party friends in the DDP. Scheef's collaboration with the National Socialists after 1933 inevitably led to alienation between the Jewish lawyer Hayum and Scheef. According to Hayum's recollections, his former party colleague warned him "in a veiled voice" on the phone of the imminent arrest by the Gestapo. Hayum was able to flee abroad and avoided deportation. Scheef was apparently unable to help other Jews.

Scheef's term of office, which was not extended only for reasons of age, ended in 1939. His successor was Ernst Weinmann , who at the age of 32 became the youngest mayor of Tübingen.

Grave of Adolf Scheef; Tübingen, city cemetery

Honors

Scheef was an honorary senator of the University of Tübingen and was made an honorary citizen of Tübingen in 1939. On June 17, 2013, honorary citizenship was revoked by a municipal council resolution. Scheefstraße on the Tübingen Österberg was named after him in 1959 , but was then renamed Fritz-Bauer-Straße in 2017. He was buried in a grave still preserved today in the Tübingen city cemetery.

literature

  • Frank Raberg : Biographical handbook of the Württemberg state parliament members 1815-1933 . On behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-17-016604-2 , p. 776 f .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cordula Tollminen: National Socialism in Göttingen (1933–1945) . (PDF; 1.1 MB) Dissertation, accepted by: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Philosophical Faculty, 1998, pp. 251–254.
  2. ↑ Frieder Güntner (Ed.): Theodor Heuss - Aufbruch im Kaiserreich - Letters 1892-1917. Federal President Theodor Heuss House Foundation, ISBN 978-3-598-25120-7 , ISBN 978-3-598-25121-4 and ISBN 978-3-598-25123-8 .
  3. ↑ Michael Dorrmann (ed.): Citizens of the Weimar Republic. Federal President Theodor Heuss House Foundation, ISBN 978-3-598-44117-2 .
  4. ^ Horst Möller, Andreas Wirsching, Walter Ziegler: National Socialism in the Region: Contributions to regional and local research and international comparison . ISBN 3-486-64500-5 .
  5. ^ Benigna Schönhagen : The University of Tübingen under National Socialism - University and City of Tübingen under National Socialism. ( Memento of July 15, 2007 on the Internet Archive ) Video
  6. ↑ Rudy Koshara: Two 'Nazisms' - The social context of Nazi mobilization in Marburg and Tübingen . In: Social History , Volume 7, January 1, 1982 issue, pp. 27-42 .
  7. ↑ a b Cordula Toll mines: Nazi in Göttingen (1933-1945) . (PDF; 1.1 MB) Dissertation, accepted by: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Philosophical Faculty, 1998, p. 252.
  8. ↑ Cordula Tollminen: National Socialism in Göttingen (1933–1945) . (PDF; 1.1 MB) Dissertation, accepted by: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Philosophical Faculty, 1998, p. 251.
  9. ↑ Cordula Tollminen: National Socialism in Göttingen (1933–1945) . (PDF; 1.1 MB) Dissertation, accepted by: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Philosophical Faculty, 1998, p. 253.
  10. ↑ Submission to the municipal council in October 2009 (www.tuebingen.de/ratsdokumente/2009_378.pdf, no longer online)
  11. ^ Anton Brenner: Paul Horn Arena. Hunt for small NSdAP members? Big Nazis adorn the list of honorary citizens of the city of Tübingen .
  12. ↑ Honorary citizenship revoked - majority against Scheef, Haering, Hindenburg  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Schwäbisches Tagblatt dated June 17, 2013.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.tagblatt.de  
  13. ↑ Andrea Bachmann: Scheefstraße. ( Memento from October 25, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Tagblatt Anzeiger from December 12, 2012.
  14. ↑ http://www.gea.de/region+reutlingen/tuebingen/historiker+beleuchten+ns+naehe+des+frueheren+ob.3581667.htm
  15. ↑ renamed Scheefstraße in Fritz-Bauer-Straße. Retrieved March 17, 2017 .

Web links

Commons : Adolf Scheef  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Scheef, Adolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Scheef, Gottlob Adolf (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politicians (FP, FVP, DDP), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH March 3, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Nürtingen
DATE OF DEATH January 8, 1944
Place of death Tübingen