Heinrich Rickert (philosopher)

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Heinrich Rickert around 1930

Heinrich John Rickert (born May 25, 1863 in Danzig ; † July 25, 1936 in Heidelberg ) was a German philosopher who represented Neo-Kantianism and the so-called philosophy of values .

Life

Heinrich Rickert was the son of the editor and politician Heinrich Rickert and his wife Annette, b. Stoddart (1839-1889). He initially received private tuition in Gdansk and Berlin and then attended the grammar school at the Gray Monastery in Berlin. He left school before graduating from high school and from 1884 to 1885 attended lectures at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin with Herman Grimm ( art history ), Heinrich von Treitschke ( history ), Emil Du Bois-Reymond ( physiology ), with Wilhelm Scherer ( poetics ) and Friedrich Paulsen ( philosophy ). Paulsen's lectures prompted Rickert to opt for philosophy.

From 1885, after he had made up his Abitur, he studied philosophy at the Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität Strasbourg, especially with Wilhelm Windelband , as well as the minor subjects of economics (with Georg Friedrich Knapp and Lujo Brentano ) and physiology (with Friedrich Goltz ).

In 1886 he met the philosopher Richard Avenarius privately in Zurich . 1888 Rickert was at Wilhelm Windelband with the theme "On the Doctrine of the definition" to Dr. phil. PhD . After initially returning to Berlin in 1888, he moved to Freiburg im Breisgau in 1889 for health reasons .

There he completed his habilitation under Alois Riehl in 1891 with the work The Subject of Knowledge and then worked at the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, initially as a private lecturer and from 1894 as an associate professor of philosophy. After rejecting an offer to Rostock in 1896, he became a full professor in Freiburg in the same year . In 1915, Martin Heidegger completed his habilitation with him with a thesis on Duns Scotus , which he allegedly did not read himself.

In 1915 Rickert received a call to the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg as the successor to Wilhelm Windelband. His successor in Freiburg was Edmund Husserl . His colleagues in Heidelberg at the time were Hans Driesch , Karl Jaspers , Heinrich Maier , Hermann Glockner , Ernst Hoffmann and Erich Rothacker . Rickert was one of the opponents of phenomenology (Rickert's Freiburg successor Edmund Husserl, Heidegger), the philosophy of life ( Henri Bergson ) and the philosophy of existence (Karl Jaspers). In 1932 he retired , but continued to stand in for his chair until the summer semester of 1934. His successor was Ernst Krieck .

Rickert embodied, according to the memories of his colleague Rothacker, the "type of professor as he was in the book". However, he is said not only to have suffered from claustrophobia, but had to be pushed onto the chair by the combined strength of his wife and his student and private secretary August Faust because of his corpulence .

The following year he was awarded the Goethe Medal for his Faust book, which he published in 1932 after a lifelong study of the subject (including in lectures) and several preliminary studies .

Rickert's other students are Broder Christiansen (1869–1958), Bruno Bauch (1877–1942), Richard Kroner (1884–1974), Lenore Kühn (1878–1955), Günter Ralfs (1899–1960), Rudolf Zocher (1887–1976 ), Ioannis N. Theodorakopoulos (1900–1981) and above all Emil Lask (1875–1915), with whom he was friends and in whom he had probably seen his actual philosophical heir. The two visual artists Franz Rickert (goldsmith, 1904–1991) and Arnold Rickert (sculptor, 1889–1976) from their marriage to Sophie, b. Keibel (1864–1951) are his sons.

His estate is in the Heidelberg University Library .

Teaching

With Kant, the starting point is objective science with true knowledge in both natural and cultural studies. Rickert replaced Windelband's absolute opposition between nomothetic- scientific and idiographical- historical procedures with a relative difference between generalizing and individualizing methods. In epistemology he advocated a transcendental idealism which should agree with the empirical realism of the individual sciences and which sees the transcendent ought, not the being of a truth value, as the object of knowledge. “The logical does not exist, it counts.” The recognition of the ought gives the judgments their truth. Judging is always judging and thus valuing.

The object of philosophy is the whole of the world in the sense of an idea that is to be realized ("universe science"). Philosophy as the “all-round theory of the whole of cultural life” works out a “system of values” in an objective manner with regard to the historical condition of man. Historicism can be overcome by observing history . The theory of value aims to overcome Kant's moralism, but to maintain the critical principle. Philosophy is not a mere “worldview” as it is free from random life interests. Rickert has only partially succeeded in filling this cultural theory with content.

Rickert's interpretation of Fichte's state socialism (1922) placed him between liberalism and communism . After 1933 , Rickert's student August Faust tried to make this approach fruitful for National Socialism .

Honors

Works

  • All works , edited by Rainer A. Bast. 11 vols. Berlin: De Gruyter 2018ff.
  • On the doctrine of definition , Tübingen 1888 [1]
  • The subject of knowledge: a contribution to the problem of philosophical transcendence , Freiburg 1892 [2] ; The object of knowledge. Introduction to the transcendental philosophy. 3. completely redesigned. u. exp. Edition Tübingen 1915.
  • The limits of scientific concept formation, a logical introduction to the historical sciences , Freiburg 1896, Online Archive , 5th edition Tübingen 1929 (reprint Hildesheim 2007)
  • Cultural studies and natural science , Freiburg 1899, online archive , digitized ; New editions: Stuttgart 1986 and Celtis Verlag, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-944253-00-8
  • Wilhelm Windelband , Tübingen 1915
  • The philosophy of life. Presentation and criticism of the philosophical fashions of our time , Tübingen 1920; 2nd edition 1922, Online Archive
  • System of Philosophy, Part One: General Foundation of Philosophy , Tübingen 1921
  • The philosophical foundations of Fichte's socialism , in: Logos XI (1922/23), pp. 148–180
  • The problems of the philosophy of history. An introduction , Heidelberg 1924; New edition: Celtis Verlag, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-944253-01-5
  • Kant as a philosopher of modern culture. An attempt at the philosophy of history , JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1924.
  • About the world of experience , Munich 1927
  • The logic of the predicate and the problem of ontology , Heidelberg 1930
  • The Heidelberg tradition in German philosophy , Tübingen 1931
  • Goethe's Faust. The dramatic unity of poetry , JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1932.
  • Basic problems of philosophy. Methodology, ontology, anthropology , JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1934.
  • Immediacy and interpretation of meaning, essays on the design of the system of philosophy , Tübingen 1939
  • Philosophical essays , edited by Rainer A. Bast, Tübingen 1999 (with extensive bibliography)

literature

  • Peter-Ulrich Merz-Benz : Max Weber and Heinrich Rickert. The epistemological foundations of understanding sociology , Würzburg 1990.
  • Ernst Bloch : Critical discussions on Heinrich Rickert and the problem of epistemology (Diss. Phil. Würzburg), Ludwigshafen 1909.
  • Eike Bohlken: Basis of intercultural ethics. Perspectives of the transcendental cultural philosophy Heinrich Rickerts , Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2000.
  • Marcello Catarzi: A ridosso dei limiti. Per un profilo filosofico di Heinrich Rickert lungo l'elaborazione delle boundaries. Soveria Mannelli, 2006.
  • Arnaud Dewalque: Être et jugement. La fondation de l'ontologie chez Heinrich Rickert. Hildesheim, 2010.
  • Anna Donise / Antonello Giugliano / Edoardo Massimilla (ed.): Methodology, epistemology, philosophy of values. Heinrich Rickert and his time. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2016.
  • Dagmar Drüll: Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon, Vol. 2: 1803-1932 . Springer, Wiesbaden 2. [revised. u. extended] edition 2019, ISBN 978-3-658-26396-6 , pp. 654–656.
  • August Faust: Heinrich Rickert. Speech given at the memorial service of Heidelberg University on December 12, 1936. In: Kant-Studien 41, 1936, pp. 207–220 (with photo).
  • Antonello Giugliano: Nietzsche, Rickert, Heidegger (ed altre allegorie filosofiche). Napoli: Liguori, 1999.
  • Christian Krijnen: Post-metaphysical sense. A problem-historical and systematic study on the principles of Heinrich Rickert's philosophy of values. Würzburg 2001, ISBN 3-8260-2020-0
  • Guy Oakes: Weber and Rickert. Concept formation in the cultural sciences. Cambridge, Mass., 1988.
  • Wolfgang Rasch (ed.): From the life of a satyr. Otto Erich Hartleben : Letters and postcards to Heinrich Rickert. Bargfeld 1997 (Edition im Luttertaler Handshake, Volume 9), ISBN 978-3-928779-17-3
  • Mario Signore (ed.): Rickert tra storicismo e ontologia. Milan, 1989.
  • Friedrich Vollhardt : Heinrich Rickert: cultural studies and natural science . Stuttgart 1986.
  • Sven Wöhler, Heinrich Rickert's heterological thought principle and its significance for the work. The unity of modern culture as the unity of diversity . Diss. Erfurt 2001.
  • Anton C. Zijderveld: Rickert's Relevance. The Ontological Nature and Epistemological Functions of Values. Leiden 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-15173-4

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Rickert  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Heinrich Rickert  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ D. Drüll: Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon 1803-1932. Berlin u. a. 1986, p. 219.
  2. ↑ Cf. Rickert The Philosophy of Life , 1920
  3. ^ Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg. List of lectures in summer 1934. Heidelberg 1934
  4. ↑ Erich Rothacker: Memories, Bonn 2007, p. 61.
  5. ↑ See foreword to third edition. In: Subject of Knowledge , 1915, pp. XII-XIV.
  6. ^ Alfred Denker (Ed.): Letters 1912 to 1933 and other documents. Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 2002, ISBN 978-3-465-03148-2 , p. 128
  7. ↑ Object of Knowledge , 1915, p. IX
personal data
SURNAME Rickert, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rickert, Heinrich John (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philosopher and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH May 25, 1863
PLACE OF BIRTH Danzig
DATE OF DEATH July 25, 1936
Place of death Heidelberg