Emil Lask

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Emil Lask (born September 25, 1875 in Wadowice , Galicia , † May 26, 1915 in Turza-Mała , Galicia) was a German philosopher of the Southwest German School of Neo-Kantianism .

Life

Emil Lask was born in Wadowice, Galicia, the first of four children to a Jewish paper manufacturer and a teacher. The parents came from the province of Posen, grew up in northern Germany and had Prussian citizenship. Until 1918 the place of birth belonged to the Duchy of Zator of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, which was under Habsburg rule .

His sister was the poet and communist theater writer Berta Lask (1878-1967). In 1885 the Lask family moved to Falkenberg in the Mark Brandenburg region. In neighboring Bad Freienwalde (Oder) , Emil Lask attended the city's humanistic grammar school, which he graduated with the final exam at Easter 1894.

In the summer semester of 1894, Lask enrolled at the University of Freiburg i. Br. First in the law faculty, but soon switched to philosophy. In the first semester he already experienced the influence of the philosopher Heinrich Rickert, which then became decisive for his scientific career . In addition to Rickert, Lask heard in Freiburg a. a. Philosophy with Alois Riehl and political economy with Max Weber and Gerhart von Schulze-Gaevernitz . After completing his military service as a one-year volunteer (Oct. 1895 to Oct. 1896), Lask switched to the University of Strasbourg to continue his studies in the winter semester of 1896/97. Here Wilhelm Windelband became his second formative academic teacher. From 1898 to 1901 Lask studied again in Freiburg. In 1901 he received his doctorate from Rickert with a thesis on Fichte's idealism and history (published in 1902). Afterwards Lask lived alternately in Berlin and his hometown Falkenberg (Mark) . During this time (1901–1905), he did not only deal with the methods of positive jurisprudence and with constitutional and legal philosophical problems, but also personal contact with Georg Simmel .

In 1905 Lask qualified as a professor at Windelband in Heidelberg with the writing of legal philosophy . In his inaugural lecture Hegel in his relationship to the world view of the Enlightenment (1905) he represented a decidedly progressive Hegel interpretation. After his habilitation, Lask taught philosophy at the Heidelberg University, first as a private lecturer, from February 1910 as an associate professor and finally, from April 1913, next to Windelband on the second philosophy chair since Kuno Fischer's retirement (1906) as a regular associate professor.

In his Heidelberg years (1905–1915) Lask belonged to the inner circle of Max and Marianne Weber , with whom he had been friends since his time in Freiburg. Lask also cultivated friendships with the married couples Lina and Gustav Radbruch as well as Sophie and Heinrich Rickert , the philosophers Paul Hensel and Georg Lukács , the Swiss pianist Mina Tobler , the later social politician Marie Baum and Frieda Gross, the wife of the psychoanalyst and anarchist Otto Gross .

His two main works, The Logic of Philosophy and the Doctrine of Categories (1911) and The Doctrine of Judgment (1912) , were also written in Heidelberg .

Lask fell as a soldier in the German army in the First World War in Turza-Mała, Galicia .

The Lasks estate is kept in the Heidelberg University Library.

position

Based on Rickert's philosophy of values , Lasks thought received important stimuli from the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl . Lask developed an independent philosophical position that was directed against the primacy of the ethical in logic , as represented by Rickert . He began laying the foundations for his own philosophical system with a doctrine of categories in his main work ( The logic of philosophy and the doctrine of categories. A study of the domain of logical form , 1911) and a doctrine of judgment ( The doctrine of judgment , 1912). A part of Lask's philosophical notes can be found in the extensive estate volume of the Gesammelte Schriften (1923/24).

Lask is considered an original philosopher of the first decades of the 20th century. Thomas Rentsch writes: As far as we can already overlook it today, the system elements of a "logical mysticism", which L. connects with the exposure of a logical archetype and its epistemological foundation in his "theory of judgment", are similar in modern philosophy only in Ludwig Wittgenstein's Tractatus-logico-philosophicus (1921) can be found .

One aspect of originality is Lask's recognition of Plotinus and Neoplatonism . As a philosopher he influenced his friend Georg Lukács and - for example with his radical criticism of the history of philosophy - the young Heidegger . Heidegger also studied with Rickert in Freiburg before joining Husserl. The German legal philosopher Gustav Radbruch also explicitly referred to Emil Lask with regard to the foundations of his legal philosophy. Lask also had an influence on Karl Mannheim's cultural sociology .

Eugen Herrigel , Lask's student and editor of the Collected Works , made his teacher known in Japan.

Publications

  • Fichte's idealism and history. JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen and Leipzig 1902. Internet Archive . Anastatic reprint: JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1914. Internet Archive .
  • Legal philosophy. Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung, Heidelberg 1905. Separate print from: The philosophy at the beginning of the 20th century. Festschrift for Kuno Fischer. 2nd volume. Carl Winter's University Bookstore, Heidelberg 1905. Internet Archive .
  • The logic of philosophy and the theory of categories. A study of the domain of logical form. JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1911.
  • The doctrine of judgment. JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1912. Internet Archive .
  • Collected Writings . 3 volumes. Edited by Eugen Herrigel. JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1923 (Volume I, II), 1924 (Volume III).
  • Complete Works. 2 volumes. Scheglmann, Jena 2002 (Volume I), 2003 (Volume II).

literature

  • Uwe B. Glatz: Emil Lask. Philosophy in relation to worldview, life and knowledge. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2001, ISBN 3-8260-2122-3 . (Diss. Bonn 2000/01; with an exhaustive bibliography of primary and secondary literature.)
  • Konrad Hobe:  Lask Emil. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 5, Publishing House of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1972, p. 32 f. (Direct links on p. 32 , p. 33 ).
  • Roger Hofer: Subject and Method. Investigations into Emil Lasks' early scientific teaching. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1997, ISBN 3-8260-1339-5 . (Dissertation Zurich 1996.)
  • Friedbert Holz:  Lask, Emil. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-428-00194-X , p. 648 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Felice Masi: Emil Lask. Il pathos della forma. Quodlibet, Macerata 2010, ISBN 978-88-7462-348-8 . (Diss. Napoli 2007; online; PDF; 2527 kB .)
  • Stephan Nachtsheim: Emil Lasks basic apprenticeship. Mohr, Tübingen 1992, ISBN 3-16-145896-6 . (Habil. Aachen 1990.)
  • Daniele Petrella: La "silenziosa esplosione del neokantismo". Emil Lask e la mediazione della fenomenologia di Husserl. Aracne, Roma 2012, ISBN 978-88-548-5145-0 . (Diss. Modena 2012.)
  • Roberto Redaelli: Emil Lask. Il soggetto e la forma. Quodlibet, Macerata 2016, ISBN 978-88-7462-885-8 .
  • Antonino Spinelli: Vita, teoria e valore nel pensiero di Emil Lask. Diss. Tübingen 2010. ( Online; PDF; 1722 kB .)
  • Claudio Tuozzolo: Emil Lask e la logica della storia. Angeli, Milano 2004, ISBN 88-464-5858-3 .

Web links

Wikisource: Emil Lask  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Thomas Rentsch: Lask, Emil . In: Bernd Lutz (Ed.): Metzler Philosophen Lexikon. Metzler, Stuttgart 1989, pp. 440-443.
  2. ^ Karl Mannheim: Structures of Thought . Ed .: David Kettler, Volker Meja, Nico Stehr. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1980, ISBN 3-518-27898-3 , pp. 30-31 .
personal data
SURNAME Lask, Emil
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH September 25, 1875
PLACE OF BIRTH Wadowice
DATE OF DEATH May 26, 1915
Place of death Turza-Mała, Galicia